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AN ILLUSTRATED
DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

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LIBRARY

O

OF THE

COLEOPTERA OR BEETLES

(EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA)

KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA

WITH BIBLIOGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

By W. S. BLATCHLEY
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA

9

INDIANAPOLIS:

THE NATURE PUBLISHING ('(>.

INTRODUCTION.

Uf all the many forms of life which exist upon the surface of
this old earth of ours, and which are our daily companions for goojl
or ill during our few years' stay thereon, none are more numerous
or less known than insects. Not only are they abundant as indi-
viduals, but the number of species is many fold greater than that
of all other animals taken together. Both on laud and in water they
occur by millions, yet the life history of even the house-fly is known
to but few. Many are the worst enemies with which the farmer
has to contend, while others are to him worth far more than their
weight in gold, yet to most farmers the beneficial and the injurious
are as one. because he has no way of telling them apart. Not only
from his wheat and corn, his grass and trees, his fruit and vege-
tables do the injurious ones take toll, but on his carpets, his clothes
and even his blood they prey. More than six hundred millions of
dollars is the average loss they entail to agriculture in the United
States alone each year, yet not one farmer in thirty knows the
names of a score of different kinds.

The reason of this ignorance is not hard to understand. The
first thing which a boy, a girl, or even a man or woman asks aboul
something is. "What is it?" "What is its name?" If nobod;-
can tell them its name or even its position among and relation t<
the other things about them, they soon forget and ignore it for ai>
time to come, unless by its preying upon them or on their property
it causes such harm or loss as to cause them to give it a name of the;
own. Some of their neighbors may also suffer loss or injury by tre
same form of life and they may give it a wholly different name.
This may continue until the same thing, insect or whatsoever it be
m;iy have half a dozen or more common names. In time, however
a scientist, or one with more knowledge of that particular group ^
living things, comes along and recognizes that what is known by o ; -
name in one place is the same thing called by another name son.e-
wherr clsr. He assigns a technical name, provided one hn.i not al-
ready been given it by some other scientist, and shows its plac^
among and relation to all of its kind. If he can do this in such ,1
way that the hoy or girl, or the farmer can understand,
in future, be able to use the right name when talk'" <>i 'Li"-'
about that particular object of nature.

(2)

NEED OF LITERATURE ON COLEOPTERA.

The name, the place which it holds among other objects of na-
ture, its relation to them and through them to mankind, is there-
"fore the primary or essential knowledge concerning any bird, insect
or plant which the true student of nature should desire. He can
get the name and its place in nature only through books prepared
by the scientist, and if these are lacking his study of nature is most
seriously handicapped.

Fin- 25 years the collecting and study of the beetles of Indiana
has been one of the hobbies to which I have given much spare time.
Happiest those days in which I have wandered far and wide through
field and woodland, adding here and there some specimen before un-
seen, noting now and again some life habit, some food-plant or place
of retreat, before unobserved. Ever and always, however, have I
felt the need of some one work to which I could refer, some manual
or descriptive list by which I could locate the name and place of
the specimens at hand. Since the beetles or Coleoptera form one of
the most abundant and attractive groups of insects and are easily
collected and preserved, the}^ would furnish a favorite subject for
study, especially in high schools, could they only be easily named
and placed. But the literature through which their original de-
scriptions are scattered comprises hundreds of papers and books,
many of which have been out of print for years. The student,
therefore, who becomes interested and attempts their study soon
gives it up as a hopeless task, unless he has access for reference to
some large named collection, or can secure aid from specialists in
<ome locality where such collection is located. Having, as above
stated, experienced for years the need of a descriptive work which
Micluded the species found in Indiana and adjoining States, and
na .'ing possessed myself at much cost and labor with most of the
scattered literature pertaining to the group, I have prepared the
present paper, not for specialists in Coleoptera, but for beginners.
?i few of whom, I trust, may in time become enough interested to
s 1 vote their lives to the ever-pleasing, health-giving and inspiring
.. dy of Nature. That many mistakes have crept into it there is
no doubt, but it is offered as the best that I can give with the facili-
;!'.': at hand.

The paper is in very great part based upon species which I have
seen from Indiana. These are in my private collection, or if not
there represented, are in the collections of A. B. Wolcott of Chicago,
J^ <:.-'" of Ames. Iowa, or Chas. Dury of Cincinnati, who

have loaded me specimens from time to time. In a very few in-

COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

stances, all of which are noted in the text, I have included well
recognized species described by Thomas Say from Indiana, ex-
amples of which I have not seen from the State. Mr. Say was, from

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Sketch map of Indiana, showing the life zones of the State and the loc:i!i( ; rs (marked by
x's) in which collecting has been done. The Upper Austral life zone, represoi.tri, I'.v the Caro-
linian fauna, covers the entire State, overlapping the Transition^life zone represented by the
Alleghanian fauna in the north and the Lower Austral life zone, "represented by the Austro-
riparian fauna in the south.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OP AID RECEIVED.

1820 to 1834, the most noted of American Entomologists, and for
much of that time resided at New Harmony, Posey County, Indi-
ana, where much of his writing was done and where, doubtless, most
of his species mentioned as "from Indiana" were taken.

From the accompanying map of the State it will be seen that
the collection has been made from so many different localities as to
make it a fairly representative one. Wherever a species has been
taken in more than five widely separated counties they are not
mentioned in detail, but the phrases "throughout the State,"
"throughout the northern half of the State," etc., are used.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. To one situated, as I have been, far from
any great reference collection, such a paper would not have been
possible had it not been for the aid, usually freely given,* which I
have received from noted students and specialists in Coleoptera,
throughout the country. To many of these, specimens have been
sent for examination, verification or naming. Those to whom espe-
cial acknowledgments are due are: Chas. Dury, of Cincinnati, one
of the most enthusiastic and successful of naturalists, who has col-
lected beetles for 40 years, and yet seems good for 40 more. He
has helped me out with many a species and his collection has added
a number to my list from the State. Chas. Liebeck, of Philadelphia,
compared and verified many specimens with those in the Horn
collection in that city. Frederick Blauchard, of Tyngsboro, Massa-
chusetts, one of the most careful and experienced of American Cole-
opterists, passed the Ilaliplidte in review and compared many other
species with the Leconte types at Harvard. H. C. Fall and Dr. A.
Fenyes, both of Pasadena, California, are specialists, respectively,
of Ptinidffi and Aleocharina 3 , and both have given me much aid in
those groups. Mr. Fall has also helped me with some of the Silph-
ida? and Staphylinidte. Chas. W. Leng of New r York City has
passed in review the species of Cychrus and Donacia, an*.] also veri-
fied numerous other species which have been sent him froxi time to
time. John B. Smith of New Brunswick, New Jersey, veiified all

*An exception must be made of a well known Coleopterist whose collection doubtless
contains many specimens from Indiana. When I asked the privilege of looking through it
for the purpose of making notes on these, he wrote: "I cun not admit anyone to my collec-
tions for the purpose mentioned, for my specimens are delicately mounted and in places over-
'crowded, ami the resulting damage would be great." When also asked to verify some speci-
mens of Pluilacridce, he wrote: "I am too busy to undertake the identification of small
species -in groups which I have monographed. I have made my descriptions clear and it
seems to me that you can make the identifications with the expenditure of your own time.
It is surely n<~t a. source of much satisfaction to me to find that a monograph, upon which I
have put uuu-h ti'ne and labor, will not serve the purpose for which it was intended, i. e., to
permit others to idenlify their material."

fi COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

doubtful specimens of Mordellidie, of which family he has made a
special study. Frederick Knab of the U. S. National Museum at
Washington went over the MSS. and doubtful species of Chryso-
melida 3 , and also compared for me many other species with the
types in the museum collection. A. B. Wolcott of the Field Mu-
seum of Natural History, Chicago, a specialist in Cleridas, prepared
the MSS. for that family. Mr. Wolcott has also collected for yeajrs
in the northern part of Lake County, Indiana, especially in the
sand-dune region bordering Lake Michigan. All his Indiana ma-
terial was turned over to me for examination and furnished many
species which would otherwise not have been recorded from the
State. 3. D. Hood of Urbana. Illinois, who has ma.de a special
study of the sexual organs of Lachnosterna, passed in review my
species of that genus. Chas. A. Hart of the Illinois Museum of
Natural History, has kindly secured for me the loan of numerous
volumes from the library of that museum. To Dr. E. A. Schwarz
of Washington, D. C., and H. F. Wickham of Iowa City Ic.va, I
am also indebted for favors shown.

Nor must I forget the memory of Dr. F. Stein of Indianapolis,
with whom I spent many an hour going over and classifying speci-
mens. Dr. Stein had a large and varied assortment of beetles from
different parts of the United States, a portion of whir-h came into
my hands some years after his death. The pin labels bearing UK-
abbreviation "Ind. " were, however, few, and the dates of capta
wholly lacking. For that reason very few, if any, of his specimens
have been considered in the present list, though doubtless many of
the unlabeled ones came from this State.

Harold Morrison of Indianapolis, C. C. Deam and E. B. William-
son of Bluff ton, Dr. Robert Hessler of Logansport, and M v \ and
Mrs. Max Ellis of Bloomington, have, from time to time, tak n * nn.-
turned over to me numerous specimens, which have either a.ddej! t>
the species of the collection or aided much in showing their dist; ihu-
tion within the State.

\
RELATION OF A BEETLE TO OTHER ANIMALS.

If we compare the body of a beetle with that of any \ .. iebrate
animal, as a fish, bird or squirrel, we find at once great and -r :;>';vf-
ant differences. The vertebrate is an animal witli an inner bony
skeleton, two pairs of jointed limbs or appendages, ami bre;t: tit-
means" of lungs or gills, according as it dwells in air r water. The

THE CLASSES OP ARTHROPODA. 7

beetle is an animal which has no inner skeleton or bones whatever,
but only a hard crust on the surface which surrounds the muscles
and vital organs. This crust is composed of separate rings, placed
end to end.

Animals whose bodies are thus composed of rings are called .1 r-
ticu-lata. They are in turn divided into two great groups, the
}'< nncs and the Artliropoda. The Venues (worms) have all the
rings composing the body very nearly alike, not hardened into an
outer crust or exoskeleton, and without paired limbs which are
jointed. The Arthropods have a part of the rings bearing paired
jointed appendages, and have the cuticle or outer surface consisting
largely of a peculiar substance called "chitin," which is secreted or
exuded by the cells which compose the cuticle. Chitin itself is in-
soluble and is not composed of cells, but consists of fine, irregular
plates. It hardens the cuticle and thus aids the latter in protecting
the delicate vital organs within, and also in forming a framework
to v' i ' the muscles of movement may be attached. Between the
joint, the cuticle is devoid of chitin and is thin, delicate and flex-
ible, thus allowing the necessary freedom of motion.

The Arthropoda are divided into four classes, as follows:

(a) Cri'sfacca (crayfish, lobster, etc.), mostly aquatic; having
the head and thorax usually united and distinct from the abdomen ;
Siva thing by means of gills or directly through the skin, the exo-
SKeleton with carbonate and phosphate of lime in addition to chitin.

(&) Araclinida (spiders, mites, etc.). terrestrial; head and
thorax usually combined, and bearing four pairs of legs ; breathing
by means of trachea?.

(i .:. Myriapoda (myriapods, centipedes, etc.), terrestrial; usu-
,,:' -v -mi-like, with only the head distinct; legs numerous; breath-
: i . ny means of trachea 3 .

(('!'} Insccta (grasshoppers, flies, beetles, etc.), in great part
: ; !,-t ' : legs six ; adults usually with one or t\vo pairs of wing.-; ;
breathing by a system of tubes called trachca j , which branch and
IT .lify thi'iiiigh every portion of the body, and which open exter-
nally h: about ten places on each side of the body instead of at the
front end. The rings of the body are grouped in three regions;
the >!(<s-.l, the th.ora.r- and the alxlonx H. In general it may be said
that t);i ii";id contains or bears the organs of sense and of pre-

;

tension and mastication of food; the thorax the organs of locomo-
tion, .^r^ t'.i iibdomen those of reproduction.

COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

THE EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF A BEETLE.

Having thus seen that a beetle belongs to the class Insecta, it is
thought best, before giving its relation to the other orders of that
class, to describe briefly the external parts of a typical specimen.
The beginner may thus the more
readily grasp the name and loca-
tion of the parts used in classifica-
tion, as well as the meaning of
many of the technical terms which,
of necessity, have to be used in such
a paper. The three regions of the
body, the head, the thorax and the
abdomen, will therefore be consid-
ered in order.
THE HEAD AND ITS APPENDAGES.

The front part of the body, the
head, is composed of three or more
rings or segments, completely fused
or compacted into a single hard box
or cavity called the cpicranium.
This contains the brain and acces-
sory ganglia, the mouth cavity and
the muscles moving the mandibles,
antenna 1 and other sense organs
borne on the outer surface.

The heads of beetles vary great-
ly in shape and size, and are joined
by a membrane to the thorax. Usu-
ally the portion behind the eyes is
more or less constricted into a neck,
which may be very long and nar-
row, or short and partly or wholly
immersed in the thorax. The up-
per part of the head is divided into
three regions, the back part being
called the occiput, the middle part
behind the eyes the vertex, while
the frontal portion, as far down as a more or less prominent ir;u;.-.
verse suture between or in front of the antenna 1 , is calle.' ' ] ~^ front.
This suture is known as the cl)//>il or frontal suture, arid its pres-
ence or absence, position, depth, etc., is often used in classification.

Fit;. 1. Under surface and nc-,"..l f. ( i
aliuve of beetle (Hurpulux </(<;/'"' ' sl show-
ing the different parts. (After Sraitli.)

MOUTH AND MOUTH PARTS OF A BEETLE.

Oftentimes, and especially in the greater number of Rhyncho-
phpra or snout beetles (not included in tliis paper), the front is
prolonged so that the distance between the eyes and month parts is
greater in length than the rest of the head. This prolonged por-
tioii is ealled the rostrum or beak, and it usually has on each outer
a groove or serobe, varying much in length and used for the
reception of the long basal joints of the antenna? when in repose.

In most beetles the front is short and the portion in front of the
suture is ealled the clypeus. This varies much in form and size,
being sometimes prolonged so as to extend over the mouth. When
small it is by some authors ealled the ep-islonia. Its form, texture
and the character of its front margin, whether dentate, sinuate,
truncate, etc., are much used in classification, especially in the fam-
ily Scarabaeidre.

The under surface of the head in front is variably excavated to
form the mouth. The parts beneath the eyes and behind the man-
dibles forming the side borders of the mouth are the gcna 1 or cheeks.
From, the opening of the month two seams or sutures may usually
be observed running backwards. These are the gular xufurcx, and
they often converge at middle but separate at either end.

The Mouth and Moittli Parts. In front of or below the clypeus
and above the mouth there is usually a small movable flap, called
the labrum or upper lip. It is variable in form, is joined to the
; ,/peus and is sometimes almost or completely hidden by the latter.
In the majority of Rhynchophora the labrum is entirely wanting.

Immediately below the labrum are the jaws or mandibles. They
also vary much in shape and size but are usually curved, often
toothed on the inner side, and, in certain males, especially those of
th'l 'j'.icanidie, are long and often bear prongs, thus resembling
sorr.f what the antlers of a deer. In a number of genera, as those of
;ome Carabida?, the mandibles have a groove or serobe on the outer
side, and this often bears a large puncture from which arises an
erect seta or bristle-like hair. The mandibles of beetles are so
mi< -.I and attached to the epicranium as to move only in and out
or to p.nd from a median line. They are used for prehending, cut-
ting, t", i ;ring and crushing the food; also often for defense, and
rarely as clasping organs. Their range of action is often increased

':r,vements of the entire head, which are permitted by the loose
union of the head and thorax.

A , lied to the sides of the head just below or behind the man-

j

dibles is n ppir of aiding or accessory jaws called maxilla. Each

10 OOLEOPTEKA OF INDIANA.

one consists of two basal pieces and three outer parts. The first or
lower one of the former is called the carclo, and is
used to hinge the other parts of the maxilla 1 to the
head. The second, the stipes, is jointed to the
ardo usually at a more or less acute angle, and
forms a place of support for the outer parts. These
consist of two lobes and one maxillary palpus. The
lobes vary much in form and sometimes one or the
other is so small as to be indistinct, The outer one,
ol the f/fih a. is often slender and divided into two
(After Smith.) jriiits like a palpus. The inner lobe, known as the
Jdciitin, is more or less jaw-like and its inner margin is armed with
flexible or stiff bristles, spines or teeth which are variable in form
and often used as brushes by pollen-eating beetles. The nin.riU<tri/
IKI! ints (plural i><il/>i] arises from an upper segment of the stipes,
called the pdlpifcr. The palpi are usually 4-jointed, rarely 3-
jointed (in the genus Alcocliara alone 5-jointed). The joints vary
greatly in size and form and are therefore much used in classifica-
tion. The fourth one is most variable, sometimes being broad and
oval or subquadrate, more often triangular or hatchet-shaped.
When suddenly narrowed and more slender than the preceding, the
palpi are said to be subulate or awl-shaped. The development and
shape of the maxilla' of beetles, as of other insects, depend very
largely upon the nature of the food, as tho.se organs serve not only
to seize and hold the food in the mouth, but also as accessory jaws,
aiding the mandibles in rendering the food more suitable for swal-
lowing. Their palpi are not only organs of touch, but in many
cases act as hands in prehending and carrying morsels of food to thi
month.

The floor of the mouth beneath and between the maxi !,' is
formed of two small pie; es called the nicuhun and the labnun.
mentum is joined to the </nla or throat, which is the region behuid
or below the mouth, the suture between them being the nit iilui .;\i-
1ur<\ The mentum varies greatly in form and size and is 'Ten
notched er emarginate in front, with a touch at the middle of the
cmargination. When deeply notched the side-pieces are cnlied Ic'ties
The hibium is usually in front of the mentum or in in" notch
between the lobes; rarely it is almost entirely hidden. It Is com-
posed of three parts, a central piece, the liyitla, and two side-pieces
called the /Hinifjlossci. The labium is often wholly horn-like in tex-
ture, in which case the paraglossa are not distinct. In such i ,-ise the

TTTE EYES OF A BEETLE. 11

is ligiila and laltnni are often used synonymously. However, in
the descriptions which follow, the term ligula is used to designate
the piece in front of the mentum bearing the labial palpi. These
palpi are usually 3-jointed (in certain Staphylinids 2- or even -i-
jointed). The terminal joint is often of the same form as that of
the maxillary palpi, and offers in many cases important characters
used in classification. Both mentum and labium form an under lip
which prevents the food from falling backwards out of the mouth
and, with the aid of the maxilla 3 , pass it forward to be crushed be-
tween the mandibles, the two sets of appendages thus acting much
as the tongue of vertebrates.

The Eyes. The eyes of beetles vary greatly in size and shape,
and each is composed of a large number of facets or simple lenses
in each of which a single filament of the optic nerve ends. These
lenses also vary much in size, and the terms "coarsely granulated"
and "finely granulated" are used to denote this variation. In the
family Gyrinidae and in the genus Oberea the eyes are wholly di-
vided, two being above and two on the lower surface of the head,
thus enabling the beetle to see upward and downward at the same
time. In many species of Cerambycida? and other families they
are often deeply notched or emarginate, either in front or on one or
the other of the sides. Rarely they are wholly wanting; rarely,
also, as in certain Staphylinids, there are one or two simple eyes or
single lenses called ocelli located on the back part of the vertex, be-
tween the compound ones.

In the Cicindelida^ and many of the CarabidtP, the head bears,

in addition to the regular pubescence, rather long, erect seta? or

bristle-like hairs, which arise from special punctures located above

:i id close to the inner margin of the eyes. These are known as

. ,'aor~bital setce.

riie Antenna?. The principal appendages attached to the head
,-, the ant entice. They vary greatly in form, point of insertion,
and number of joints, and these characters are much used in classi-
:; -tion. In the true Coleoptera they are inserted in front of or
more rarely between the eyes, often under the side margin of the
;< >;it. In the Rhynchophora they are borne upon some portion of
the ijaak. The number of joints varies from two in A<1 nine* to 25
or 27 in Prionus, the usual number being 11. The basal joints are
usually less pubescent and of a firmer texture than the outer ones.
In the kilter the surface is usually more or less covered with minute
pores which increase greatly the sensitive area. In those genera in

12 OOLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

which the antennas end in an abrupt club the pores are confined to
its surface; in most cases, however, they are generally scattered
over all except the basal joints.

The principal forms of antennas are as follows :

(a) Filiform or thread-like, where the joints are cylindrical
and the outer ones not or scarcely enlarged.

(6) Setaceous or bristle-like, where the joints are gradually
more slender to the tip.

(c) Capillary or hair-like, where the joints are long, slender
and very loosely united.

'

Fig. 3. Serrate antennae and modifications: 1, serrate; 2, pectinate; 3, bipectinate; 4, flabellate;
5, plumose; G, 7, 8, irregularly serrate. (After LeC'onte and Horn.)

(d) Moniliform or bead-like, when the joints are of nearly
uniform size and rounded, thus resembling a string of beads.

(e) Serrate or saw-like, when the joints are triangular and
compressed, presenting therefore a saw-tooth-like outline on the
front margin.

(/) Pectinate or comb-like, when the joints are short, with
their front angles much prolonged.

(g] Bipectinate, when each joint has a comb-like tooth on c-nr-h
side.

(/O Flabellate or fan-like, when the prolongations from rl < j
joints are very long compared with the antenna?, and fold together
like a fan.

(?) Plumose or feather-like, when the prolongations are long
slender and flexible.

(j) Clavate or club-like, where the outer joints are more or
less enlarged, but not triangular or leaf -like. This is among beet it.
the most common form of antennas, and it grades gradually
most of the other types.

THE ANTENNAE OF A BEETLE.

13

'(/'<) Capitate or head-like, when the outer joints are suddenly
larger, forming a compact rounded club.

Fig. 4. 1-10, Forms of clavate antenna!; 11, capillary and vorticillatc; 12, moniliform; 13, 14,
15, lamellate; 16, irregular. (After LeConte and Horn.)

(/) Lamellate, a form of clavate antenna? in which the outer
joints are leaf-like plates which may be brought closely in contact,
thus forming a transverse or rarely rounded club, supported at one
side by the stem of the antennae.

The antennae are said to be cjcincalaie or elbowed when the sec-
ond joint is attached to the first in such a way as to make an obtuse
angle, the joints after the second following in the same line as the
latter. In this form the first or basal joint is usually much longer
and is called the scape. When the antenna is both geniculate and
capitate, the joints between the scape and club are together called
the funicle.

The antcnnul grooves are concave, usually elongate and narrow
areas <>n the under side of the head or prosternum, in which the an-
tenna? are concealed or placed in repose. When on the under side
of Ihe head they usually are close to the eye and converge on the
gula;

The antenmp of beetles are supposed to be primarily organs of
smdl, but also bear nerves of touch. In a number of species they
are put to other uses ; it being said that certain Cerambycids in
walking along a slender twig use them as a rope-walker does his
; i lancing pole; 'while those of certain aquatic forms are used in
conntx" ivii with respiration, and those of the male Meloe as clasping
organs.

14 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

THE THOKAX AND ITS APPENDAGES.

The second division or middle region of the body of an insect is
called the thorax and consists of three rings or segments, known
respectively as the proilwrax, mesothorax and metathorax. Within
these rings are located the muscles moving the legs and wings, as
well as some of the digestive organs, while attached to their upper
surface are the wings and to the lower one the three pairs of legs.

The Prothorax. In the beetles the prothorax or front ring is
separated from the other two and is usually freely movable. It con-
sists of a dorsal or upper surface of but one piece and a ventral or
lower part of five pieces. The upper part is often called the pro-
notum, but in this paper it is termed the thorax, since it is the
median one of the three body parts visible from above. In the dif-
ferent species of beetles it varies greatly in size and sculpture, and
these variations are very extensively used in classification.

The dorsal surface is called the disk, and this is usually sep-
arated from the inflexed portion or flanks by a sharp edge or acute
margin. The relative width and length of the disk, the form of its
front and hind angles, the presence or absence of a median im-
pressed line and of impressions or fovea?, the form, size arid density
of the punctures when present, are but a few of the many points
pertaining to the thorax which are used in the description of a
beetle.

The Prosternum. The central part of the under surface of the
prothorax is the prosternum. It is situated in front of the coxa;
of the first pair of legs and often has a process or spine which ex-
tends backward between these coxae, its tip sometimes, as in the
Elateridae, fitting into a notch or groove in the mesosternum. Tl-.e
prosteruum is sometimes prolonged in front to form a prosit,, in'
lobe, which more or less conceals the mouth when the head is m >-^
pose. On either side of the prosternum and between its side in-a 1 -
gin and the flank of the pronotum (or thorax), are one or two
"side-pieces." When both pieces are present the front one is called
the episternum (plural episterna}, and the hind one the epimeron
(plural epimera) . Most frequently the sutures or seams between
these pieces and also between them and the flank of the pronotum
are wanting, so that the disk and flanks of thorax form one un-
broken piece as far as the side of the prosternum. The sutures
separating the prosternum and the side-pieces are more often pres-
ent and are known as the prosternal sutures.

The cavities in which the first pair of legs are inserted are called

THE FRONT COXAL CAVITIES OF A BEETLE.

15

the front co.cal cavities and are either "entire" when they are en-
closed behind by the junction of the prosternnm and the epimera
(the episterna never reaching the coxal cavities proper), or are
"open behind" when a space is left protected only by a membrane.
They are "separate" when the prostcrniim extends between them,
or "confluent" when it is not visible between them.

a t r

Fig. 4a. j), indicates the prosternnm; cc, the coxal cavities; es, the thoracic side-
pieces. In a the coxal cavities are widslj cpsn behind and confluent; in 6 they arc
narrowly open behind and separate; in c they are closed behind and separate.

(After Wickhara.)

The Mcso- and Metathora.r. The middle or second thoracic seg-
ment is called the nn^l/ioni.r, and in the beetles is very closely
united with the third or hindmost one, the mctathorax. These two
form the trunk or main body of the insect, and support on their un-
der surface the middle and hind legs and on the sides above the
inner wings and elytra. The upper surface of these two segments
is for the most part covered by the elytra and therefore invisible.
It consists of four pieces, only one of which, the scutellum, a small,
shield-shaped or triangular plate, is usually visible from above be-
tween the bases of the elytra. The mesothorax is much reduced in
size, its chief function being to support the elytra and to help keep
them together by means of its scutellum.

The ventral or lower portions of these segments consist of the
".': -ii'ces as the prothorax, viz., the n snsh mum with its side-
pii os or episterna and epimera, and the metasternum, with the
These pieces are usually distinct, except that the two of each
. e-i'.'/iit are often united to form a single piece. The suture which
separates the side-pieces of the mesosternum from those of the me-
tasternum is always present. The form and size of these side-pieces
is ;i character much used in classification.

Tin- Winfjs. The great majority of adult beetles possess two
pairs of wings. The first or outer pair, known as the elytra (sin-
gular elytron] , or wing covers, are present, except in a few females
of the family Lampyridse, are horn-like in texture and vary greatly
in shape and sculpture. They are attached to the mesothorax and
usually cover the upper surface of the abdomen, but in many genera

[223402]

16 COLEOPTEEA OF INDIANA.

are much shorter, leaving several segments of the abdomen exposed.
Almost always they fit closely together in a straight line along the
middle, this line of junction being called the suture. Rarely they
are somewhat separated near the tips, when they are said to be
ildiixccnl. Their outer front angle or shoulder is known as the
n luncrus (plural Itunx ri i . As in the thorax, the sides of the elytra
are often separated from the upper portion or disk by an acute
margin, beneath which a portion of each elytron is inflexed. Lying
next to the edge or margin is a piece of varying width and some-
times extending from base to apex known as the epipleura. The en-
tire inflexed portion is often, but wrongly, called the epipleura.

The tips or apices of the. elytra vary greatly in shape, sometimes
being truncate, more often rounded and rarely ending in sharp
points or even spines. Oftentimes the side margins are more or
less deeply sinuate near the tips.

The sculpture of the elytra is much used in classification. Very
often the disk is marked witli longitudinal impressed lines or fine
narrow grooves called strife. An elytron so marked is said to be
xtriiilc. The space between any two of these stria 1 , is termed an
interval. When the stride are fine and shallow, the intervals are
usually flat or nearly so ; when deep and rather wide, the intervals
are more or less convex. Very often the stria? are punctate, i. e.,
marked by rows of pun c hires or impressed dots. The intervals are
also often punctate or punctulate, the latter term meaning that the
punctures are very fine. When the punctures are absent from
stria? or intervals they are said to be smooth or impunctate. When
the punctures are not in rows but scattered here and there over the
surface of the elytron they are termed irregular or confused.

In addition to the ordinary punctures above noted, or often
when the elytron is otherwise smooth there may be present one or
more larger impressions called dorsal punctures. These are UbUL^y
somewhere between the suture and the third stria, though they may
be anywhere on the disk. Quite often the entire upper surface of
the elytra (as well as that of either or both the head and the thorax)
may be seen under a lens to be very finely reticulated or covered
with minute cracks like the human skin. The surface is then --aid
to be tiliitaceous. When densely alutaceous the surface is generally
more or less opaque. In addition to the forms of sculpture above
mentioned the elytra may be granulate, or covered with many ..n-
nute elevations ; tuberculate, or with fewer and larger elevations.
They may also be pitted, foveate or impressed in many ways. In
addition to the sculpture they, as well as other parts of the b-Hy,

THE LEGS OF A BEETLE.

17

may bo either sparsely, moderately or thickly clothed with hairs or
pubescence, which may be prostrate, suberect or erect in position.
When the pubescence is wholly absent and the surface bare they are
said to be glabrous.

The hind pair, known as the inner or true wings, of beetles are
membranous and attached to the metathorax. They are usually so
arranged as to form a joint near the apex so that the entire wing
can be folded under the elytra. In some species with short wing-
covers the inner wings extend straight along the dorsal surface of
the abdomen. Frequently they are abbreviated or wholly absent,
in which case the metasternum is usually short and the elytra close-
ly united or connate along the suture.

The Legs. As already noted the three pairs of legs possessed
by the mature beetle are joined respectively to the under surface
of the pro-, meso- and metasterna. The first joint of each leg, or
that by which it is attached, is called the coxa (plural
coxce) . These vary much in shape and size and their
form is therefore of great importance in classification. c
The front coxal cavities are formed by the prosternum
and its epimera or side-pieces. The middle coxa? are
surrounded by the meso- and metasterna and, in some
Carabida 1 , by the epimera of the former. The hind
coxa? are placed between the metasternum and the
first segment of the abdomen.

At the outer end of the coxa and between it and
the femur is a small piece called the trochanter. This
is usually situated in the axis of the thigh and varies
much in form, being more or less obliquely cut off.
The' first long piece of the leg is the thigh or femur
(plural femora} ; following it is the shank or tibia
(plut-ai tibice), the junction of the two being called the
knee. Both of these may be more or less toothed or
spined and the tibia usually bear at their outer or
Icwer extremity one or two movable spines called
tibial spurs. Attached to the tibiae is the foot or
tarsus (plural tarsi}, consisting of from one to five

Fig. 5. Leg of

piece* i.laced end to end, though sometimes overlap- a be etie, Caiosoma

calidum. c, coxa;

ping. J he number and form of these tarsal ioints '/ trochanter; /,

femur; lb, tibia; s,

vai ies exceedingly. The greatest number is five, and tibi;l1 s P ur ; ''-' 5 -

tarsal joints; , tar-

when one disappears it is usually lacking on all the sal claws.

_-. . (After Folsom.)

tarsi. However, m one large group, the Hetcromera.

the, ( front and middle tarsi each have five joints, while the hind ones

tb

18 OOLEOPTERA OE INDIANA.

have but four. Sometimes the number of joints varies in the sexes
of the same species.

In form the tarsal joints may be slender and cylindrical, com-
pressed, flattened and dilated, globular, triangular or cordiform.
Frequently the next to last joint is notched or even bilobed. In
some genera the under side of one or more of the joints bear mem-
branous flaps called tarsal lobes. Usually, however, the under side
is clothed with spines, hairs, spongy pubescence or small scales.
Oftentimes the nature of this lower covering varies according to sex.
The front or middle tarsi, or both, are often dilated in the male,
and simple, or not dilated, in the female of the same species.

The last joint of the tarsus bears two claws, often called ungues,
but in this paper termed tarsal (-laws. They also vary much in size
mid shape and the character of their lower edge. They are usually
free and independently movable, but are sometimes united at base
or even nearly to the tip, when they are said to In- connate. Other
terms applied to them are (a^ simple, when they have the ordinary
pointed form slightly but not suddenly broader at base; (I)) flii'er-
f/cnt, when without being distant at base they diverge slightly; (c)
divaricate, when they arise from opposite sides of the joint and
form a right angle with it; (el] cleft, when each claw is deeply di-
vided into two acute parts which may or may not be of equal length ;
(e) l>ifi<J, when the tip only is divided; (/') u[>i>< 'itdienlale, when
provided with a square dilatation at the base; (g) toothed or ser-
rate, when they bear one or more acute teeth on the lower edge;
(/O pectinate, when the teeth are long, numerous and arranged like
those of a comb; (i) ckelate, when the claws are capable of being
drawn back upon the last tarsal joint and thus enable the beetle to
grasp more firmly small twigs or leaves. Between the claws there
often occurs a small pad or nap which is more or less re*ra.erile.
called the onijeJiiitni. One of the claws is often much smaller than
the other and rarely one or even both of them are absent.

THE ABDOMEN.

The third or hindmost portion of the body is called the ahdmm n.
It consists of nine or ten rings or segments placed cud to end, the
basal one being attached to the metathorax. Of these but five to
seven are usually visible, the others being retracted or coaiesi-ent at
base and tip. These rings are divided into two portions, the upper
01- dorsal segments more or less covered by the elylra, and the lower
or roi/rul segments visible beneath. These dorsal and ventral seg-
ments are joined by membrane along the sides above, the next to last

THE ABDOMEN OF A BEETLE. 19

pair being usually more firmly united. On raising the elytra the
number of dorsal segments visible is almost always greater than
those below, and in most eases their texture is less dense and often
membranous.

The breathing pores or spiracles, opening into the trachea? or air
tubes, are located in the connecting membrane or in the upper in-
flexed portion of the ventral segments; an additional spiracle is
also usually located on the under side of the prothorax behind the
outer limit of the coxal cavity.

The anal opening is located between the last dorsal and the last
ventral and just below it is the genital opening. Each side of this
are horny valves, sometimes of very complex structure, termed the
genital unini/ure.

Where the dorsal segments are not covered by the elytra, the
last one is called the />i/</i</ii<i and the next to last the propygidium.
The ventral segments may be either entirely free, so that the abdo-
men is flexible, as in the Staphylinidae, or they may be more or less
closely united so that the last one alone is movable. The cross su-
tures connecting them are usually plainly visible. Both they and
the dorsal segments are, however, often punctured or otherwise
sculptured, and pubescent, as is also the under surface in front of
the abdomen.

Stridulating organs, used for producing sound or sexual calls,
are present in a number of species, but are much less common and
more simple than in the Orthoptera. They usually consist of fine
wrinkles or ridges placed side by side, and the sound is produced by
rubbing over these some other nearby portion of the body. For the
most part these ridges are located upon some one of the abdominal
segments and are rubbed by either the elytra or the hind legs.

The above constitute the more important external parts of a
beetle, the characters of which are used in determining its name and
p isition among the members of the order Coleoptera. As already
seen, these different parts vary much in size and form, but the
n, rnes above given to them apply as well to the members of one
ff mily as to those of another. Many other descriptive terms will
also be found in the pages which follow, but they, for the most part,
w 11 be self-explanatory, or will be defined in the accompanying
glossary. By referring to such figures as are given and by observ-
ing very carefully the parts of the specimen in hand, the beginner
need have but little hesitation in deciding as to whether the descrip-
tion agrees with that specimen.

20 OOLEOPTKHA OF INDIANA.

RELATIONS OF THE BEETLES OR COLEOPTERA TO OTHER

INSECTS.

All true insects can be separated into one of two great groups,
based upon the kind of changes or transformations which they un-
dergo before reaching the adult or winged stage. To one group, the
Heterometabola, belong those insects in which the metamorphosis
(or changes which they undergo after hatching from the egg) is -in-
complete. In this group the young, when hatched, is of the same
general form as the parent, but wholly wingless. As the insect
grows it moults its skin a number of times and wings develop grad-
ually, there being no sharp line defining the larval and pupal stages.
The young of all stages are called "nymphs;" they continue active
and feed from the time of hatching until they reach the final moult
and emerge therefrom mature or in the imago stage. Familiar ex-
amples of the Heterometabola are the locust, grasshopper, katydid,
dragon -fly, squash-bug and chinch-bug.

The second group, the Metabola, comprises those insects which
undergo what is termed a complete metamorphosis. In this group
there are four distinct stages the egg, larval, pupal and imago in
the order named. No insect is hatched from the egg with wings,
and when an insect reaches the winged stage it is adult, and never
grows thereafter. Thus the gnats and midges are not the sons and
daughters of the larger flies, but are full-grown insects of them-
selves, which are undergoing the fourth or last stage of their lives.
The second, the larval or worm-like stage, is the one in which the
insect of this group is commonly the most injurious, for then it eats
voraciously, and then is the only period of its life when it grows in
size. The pupal, or third stage, is usually a quiescent one, the in-
sect eating nothing and not increasing in size, but undergoing givat
changes of form. Thus the homely and often repulsive grubs, mag-
gots and caterpillars, which are the larval forms of the beetles, flk-s
and butterflies, respectively, enter the third stage as worm-like,
crawling creatures, and emerge from it as beautiful winged forms,
sometimes glistening and gleaming with all the colors of the ra^t.
bow. This change of life and form is undoubtedly of great advai it-
age to most of this group of insects, as it tends to prevent the .,.-
tinction of the species; since, if at a given moment the parents wore
swept out of existence, the young, living in a different si-ati :>n,
would continue to represent the species.

It is to this second group, the Metabola, whose members undergo
a complete metamorphosis, that the Ooleoptera or beetles belong.

THE DEFINITION OF A BEETLE. 21

From the other orders of this group (viz., the Dipt era or flies, the
Lcpidoptera or butterflies and moths and the Hymenoptera or ants,
bees and wasps), the Coleoptera may be known by having the front
wings or elytra not fitted for flight, but shell-like, reposing on the
back of the body and fitted together along the middle in a straight
line or suture; inner wings membranous and folded beneath the
cli/fnt: mouth with mandibles; lower lip not divided along the
middle.

The name Coleoptera is derived from two Greek words, c-oleos, a
sheath, and ptcron, a wing, and refers to the shield-like covering
afforded by the elytra. At the present time the Coleoptera are far
more numerous in species than any other order of insects, about
150,000 being known and named from the different regions of the
e;irth. Of these about 12,000 species are known from North Amer-
ica. While much more numerous than the flies, bees and butter-
flies, they are less often seen, a* their habits are terrestrial rather
than aerial in nature.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF COLKOPTKKA.

As in other classes and orders of animal and plant life, the
beetles or Coleoptera of North America have been carefully studied
by various students, and to each species has been given a specific
Latin name. Each species has also been assigned to a certain gain*.
or group of species agreeing in some one character or series of char-
acters, which also bears a Latin name. These two Latin names com-
bined, followed by the name or abbreviation of the person who first
recogni/ed the beetle as an undescribed form and gave it a specific
name, comprise the name by which the beetle is or should be known
whenever it is spoken or written about. For example : one of our
common June beetles was first described in 1844, by Dr. F. E.
Melsheimer, under the name rngosa. However, he assigned it to
the genus Ancylonycha of Dejean. If it had been left in that genus
its name for all time should have been written Ancylonycha rngosn
.Melsh. However, later writers have found that this species, to-
'- - f her with a large number of others, belong to a group whose com-
mon characters were first pointed out by Rev. F. W. Hope in 1837.
To this group Hope gave the generic name Lachnosterna, so that the
name of the beetle described by Melsheimer is now recognized as
Lachnosterna rngosa Melsh. The genus, or generic name to which
any species is assigned is largely a matter of opinion, but the specific
name, if not before used for a member of that genus, is final unless

22 COLEOPTEBA OF INDIANA.

changed for some good reason by the describer himself. Of course
it often happens that the author of a supposed new species is wrong
in his conclusions, and that it has been described before under an-
other name not recognized by him. In such a case his name is but a
synonym and has no scientific standing.

In the name Lachnosterna niynsa the specific name rwjosa cor-
responds to the given name as "John" or "James," and the generic
term Lachnosterna to the sur- or family name, as "Smith" or
"Jones." The name given the beetle is therefore of the same na-
ture as that given a man, but is in Latin and is written backward,
as Smith John. There may be any number of species of LacJi it-
sierna, but there can only be <nn <>f them named ruyosa. The gen-
eric name is always begun with a capital letter and the specific
name with a small letter, this being the common usage among zoolo-
gists in general.

The generic and specific names usually have some well-defined
meaning, "Lachnosterna' 1 in the case mentioned, being derived
from two Greek words meaning ' ' wool + breast. ' ' as most species of
that genus have the sternum or breast more or less covered with
wool-like hairs. The specific name ruyosa means "rough," and was
given the beetle on account of the wrinkles on the elytra. After the
generic headings in the pages which follow, the date on which the
genus was first proposed by its author, and the derivation or mean-
ing of the generic name is, in most instances, given.

A group of genera, having certain characters in common, com-
prises a "tribe" or "subfamily," and these in turn are merged into
larger assemblages called families. Our beetles are so little known
that as yet but few of them have common names. When such a
name is well established it is mentioned in connection with the spe-
cific description. However, the species of each family have usual 'v
one or more common names which are applied to them collectively .
as "tiger beetles" for the Cicindelida?, and these names are always
given under the family heading.

Keys of tlic Cal<iloyiie. In order that the student may deter-
mine the more readily the scientific name for himself, "keys" or
''tables of determination" are made an important part of the work.
These are, when necessary, for families, subfamilies, tribes, genera
and species in the order named. When there are but two s] >cie^
belonging to a genus the specific key is usually omitted. These keys
contain, for the most part, a few of the more salient or easily recog-
nized characters separating the genera or species. In most ii -
stances, to avoid repetition, these characters are not again given in

THE MEASUREMENTS OF A BEETLE.

23

the brief descriptions which follow, and the keys should, therefore,
uhnnjft lie used in connection with the descriptions. It is also im-
portant to bear in mind that the characters nsed and statements
made, both in the keys and descriptions, are to lie considered as ap-
plying only to the species of the Indiana fauna or those of adjoin-
ing States. They may be, and in general are, capable of much
wider application, but it is not safe to assume that such is the case.

In the "keys to genera" are included the characters leading up
to the names of those genera which, from their known representa-
tion in adjoining States, are probably represented in Indiana, even
1 hough no species belonging to them has as yet been taken. The
same is often true of the "keys to species." Many species are
therein included, but not thereafter described, whose known range
is such that it is very probable that they occur in some part of the
State. The future collector or student will therefore be able to
identify almost any species which may come to hand from Indiana
or adjoining territory.

The number in parenthesis before the name of each species is
that of the Henshaw "List of the Coleoptera of America north of
Mexico," or the Third Supplement to the same.

The dates given after the description of each species are only
the earliest and latest at which the species has been noted in the
State and do not, therefore, necessarily show the actual time of
appearance or disappearance. The asterisk (*) preceding the name
of a species indicates that the species was taken in the winter sea-
son in Vigo County, and was mentioned specifically in my "Notes
on the AVinter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana," published in
Psyche, vol. VII, 1895-96.

Measurements. Since the beetles are mostly of small size, the

unit of measurement used in the descriptions is the millimetre

.mm.) which = .0394, or a little more than -}^ of an inch. The

smaller divisions of the accompanying scale (Fig. 5a) show, as ac-

earn: ; as can be represented, the length of a millimetre. For all
practical purposes it may be remembered that 2.5 mm. = : -^ inch;
' im. -=! -f inch; 4 mm. - \ -\- inch; 5 mm. iinch; 7.5 mm. =
Yij mch; 10 mm. -- f inch; 12.5 mm. == \ inch; 15 mm. == f inch; 17.5

24 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

mm. == n, inch; 20 mm. =- -, inch. The divisions of the scale sepa-
rated by the longer lines 1, 2, 3, etc., are centimetres.

Bibliography and Synoni/nnj. The titles, with names of the
authors, of the principal papers used in the preparation of the
"Descriptive Catalogue" are given under each family, tribe or
genus. These papers have been used freely, but in general no credit
has been given them. This was not from a lack of a sense of
' ' justice due, ' ' but solely in order to save space. Wherever possible
the species in hand has been studied in connection with the original
description and the citation given after the name of each species is
to that description alone. However, in the case of species described
by Thomas Say, the citation is not only to the place of original
description, but after the term "ibid," to the volume and page of
the Leconte edition of Say 's works, which is the one in common use.

Aside from the papers mentioned in the body of the work there
is one to which especial tribute should be paid, and without which
the preparation of this or any other paper dealing with the ma-
jority of families and genera of North American Coleoptera would
be practically impossible. This sine qua non is Leconte and Horn's
"Classification of the Coleoptera of North America," published in
1883 as No. 507 of the Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. It is
a veritable storehouse of knowledge, which is a lasting monument
to the fame of the two greatest Coleopterists which this country ever
had or probably ever will have. From it have been taken the main
facts used in characterizing the families and most of the genera
represented in Indiana. The only fault to find with the "Classifi-
cation" is its extensive use of technical language, which renders it
a kind of "bug-bear" to beginners. This I have tried to remedy
by simplifying, in many instances, the terms there used, even at the
expense of space which could be ill spared.

In addition to the "Classification," LeBaron's "Fourth Annual
Report on the Noxious and Beneficial Insects of Illinois," Coin-
stock's "Manual for the Study of Insects," and Sharp's "Insects-
Part II," have been the general works most used.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF BEETLES. 25

A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF THE COLEOPTERA

(EXCLUSIVE OF THE RHYNCHOPHORA.)

KNOWN TO OCCUR IN INDIANA.

The insects of the Order Coleoptera, sufficiently defined on a
preceding page, are separated into two suborders as follows :

KEY TO SUBORDERS OF COLEOPTERA.

a. Mouth parts normal, rarely unfit for use, never departing from the
ordinary type; palpi always flexible, maxillary usually four-jointed,
labial three-jointed ; gular sutures double, at least before and behind ;
prosternal sutures distinct. Suborder I. COLEOPTERA (genuina).

<ni. Head more or less prolonged in front to form a beak; palpi usually
rigid and not evident; gula not evident; prosternal sutures wanting.

Suborder II. RHYNCHOPHORA.

On account of a lack of time and space, the Rhynchophora of the
State are not treated in the present paper. A large collection of
them is, however, at hand, and they will, if circumstances allow,
be catalogued and described in a future treatise

Suborder I. COLEOPTERA (genuina.)

This suborder is divided into the following series or groiips of

families :

KEY TO SERIES OF COLEOPTERA (genuina).
a. Hind tarsi (except in a few Clavicornia) with the same number of

joints at least as the others.
/*. Fourth and fifth tarsal joints not united, the fifth, when present,

always distinct.

c. First three ventral segments united, the first divided by the hind
coxal cavities so that the sides are separated from the very
small median portion; all the tarsi five-jointed; antennae fili-
form or nearly so ; habits mostly predaceons.

Series I. ADEPHAGA, p. 20.
cc. First ventral segment visible for its entire breadth (except in

Rhyssodidie).
<1. Antennae with the terminal joints not lamellate or leaf-like and

capable of separation.

e. Antenna clavate or capitate, very rarely serrate; species liv-
ing for the most part in decaying animal and vegetable
matter. Series II. CLAVICORNIA, p. 242.

cc. Antennae with joints from the third onward more or less ser-
rate or saw-toothed, very rarely clavate or capitate ; food
variable, but rarely decaying animal matter.

Series III. SERRICORNIA, p. G86.

26 COLEOPTERA OF INDIANA.

'/'/. Antenna? with the terminal joints forming a lamellate club com-
posed of movable plates cr leaves, capable of separation and
usually of accurate apposition; legs mure or less fossorial ;
tarsi five-jointed ; food variable, either decaying wood, duni:
carrion or foliage. Series IV. LAIIELTJCORNIA, p. 903.

bb. Fourth and fifth tarsal joints firmly united, the fourth joint very
small, the tarsi therefore appearing but four-jointed ; sole usually
densely pubescent ; antennae filiform, rarely serrate or thickened
towards tip ; leaf-eaters or wood-borers.

Series V. PHYTOPHAGA, p. 1005.

aa. Front and middle tarsi five-jointed, hind tarsi four-jointed, the joints
usually slender and bare or at most sparsely haired or spinose ;
other characters and food habits very variable.

Series VI. HETEKO.MIOKA. p. 1242.

Series I. ADEPHAGA.

The members of this series always have the mouth parts highly
developed, the outer lobe of the maxilla? being nearly always di-
vided into a two-jointed palpus, so that there appear to be six palpi.
Abdomen with the exposed segments one more in number at the
sides than along the middle, the number usually being five along the
middle and six at each side. They are for the most part active, pre-
daceous and carnivorous in habit. Five of the seven families com-
prising the series are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF ADEPHAGA.

(/. Terrestrial species; antennae with at least the six outer joints pubes-
cent; inetasternum with an antecoxal piece, separated by a well
marked suture, reaching from one side to the other and extending
in a triangular process between the hind coxa?.

l>. Antenna? inserted on the front above the base of the mandibles ;
inner lobe of the niaxilhe ending in a movable hook; eyes large
and prominent ; head vertical, wider than thorax.

Family I. CICINDELID.*:. p. 1:7.

1>I>. Antennae arising from the side of the head between the base of the
mandibles and the eyes; inner lobe of maxillae not ending in a
movable hook; eyes usually of moderate size; head horizontal
or slightly inclined, usually narrower than thorax.

Family II. CABABID.E, p. oO.

(/. Aquatic species; antennae destitute of pubescence; rnetasternuni (e^
cept in Haliplidae) without an antecoxal piece but prolonged behind
in a triangular process.
c. Eyes two; antenna* slender and filiform or setaceous; abdomen

with six segments.
d. Antennae ten-jointed; hind coxae prolonged as large plates ef

ing the femora and a large part of the abdomen; hind legs not
formed for swimming. Family III. HALII>LIU ':, p. 1:00.

THE TIGER BEETLES. 27

thl. AnteniKip eleven-jointed; hind coxal plates not covering the fe-
mora ; hind legs with fringes of long hairs, usually compressed
and formed for vigorous swimming.

Family IV. DYTISCIDJE, p. 204.

cc. Eyes four; antennae irregular, very short; abdomen with seven
segments ; middle and hind legs forming short, broad paddles.

Family V. GYRINIMS, p. 23(>.

Family I. CICINDELID^E.

THE TIGER BEETLES.

To this family belong those oblong, predaceous ground beetles
which occur for the most part along sandy banks of streams, road-
ways and woodjand paths. They are among the most handsome and
agile of our beetles, the legs being slender and adapted to running.
Most of the species possess inner wings and when pursued they
often run swiftly for several feet, then take a quick flight, but usu-
ally alight several rods in advance of where they were flushed.
Upon alighting they usually turn so as to face the pursuer.

The antennae are 11-jointed, filiform and slender, inserted on
the front above the base of the mandibles, which are long and
sharply toothed ; terminal hook of the maxillae movable ; eyes
prominent ; tarsi all 5-jointed ; hind coxae mobile and simple.

The name of the principal genus, Cicindela, is derived from the
Latin candela, a candle or taper, and was applied by the ancients
to the glowworm. The common name, tiger beetle, portrays well
the habits of the mature insect, which is ever eager to seize upon
some weaker form of life which will serve it as prey. The name is
also suggestive of the stripes or spots with which the elytra of many
of the species are marked. The males may be known by their hav-
ing the sixth ventral segment broadly notched, so as to expose a sev-
enth segment, which is invisible in the female ; and by having the
first three joints of the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent on
the under side.

The larvae of the tiger beetle are whitish grubs, with large, flat,
metallic colored heads and long toothed mandibles. They live in
vertical burrows in sandy banks, beaten paths and dry plowed
fields. These burrows are often a foot or more in depth, and in
^ir upper portion the larva props itself so that the head serves as
a plug or stopper for the hole. The prop with which it holds itself
in place is a hump on the fifth segment of the abdomen, to which are

28 FAMILY I. CICINDELID^E.

attached two hooks. These are curved in such a way as to
prevent the larva from being jerked out of the burrow when
it happens to "catch a tartar" in the form of some larger
or stronger insect than itself. (Fig. 6.) While waiting
for prey its jaws, like those of a steel trap when set, are
wide open, ready to seize the first unwary insect that walks
(After' over ^ ie li ym ti-ap. It drags its victim, when captured,
Comstock) f fj ie bottom of the burrow and there devours it at leisure,
squeezing out the juice and softer parts and rejecting the hard and
innutritions portions.

The principal works of reference on the family are as follows:

LcConte. "Revision of the Cicindelidte, " in Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., XI, 1857, 27-63.

Schaupp. "Revision of the Cicindelidre," in Bull. Brook. Ent.
Soc., VI, 1883-84, 73-108; 121-126, Pis. I-V.

Leng. "Revision of the Cicindelidrc of Boreal America," in
Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc., XXVIII, 1902, 93-186, PLs. I-IV.

About 1,400 species of Cicindelidae are known, 93 species and
numerous varieties of which have been described from the United
States. These belong to five different genera, only two of which
are represented in Indiana.

TvEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CICINDELJD.E.

ft. Third joint of maxillary palpi longer than the fourth. I. TETBACHA.

aa. Third joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the fourth. II. CICINDELA.

I. TETRACHA Hope. 1837. (Gr., "in four parts.")

This genus is represented in the southern portion of the United
States by two rather large metallic green species which are noc-
turnal in habit, hiding during the day and hunting by night. One
of the two occurs in the southern third of Indiana, while the other
has been found in southern Illinois and should be looked for in the
southwestern counties of this State. They have the head large,
with large circular eyes ; mandibles with four teeth ; thorax
smooth, broader than long, with a large triangular impi' ;ion at
middle ; elytra slightly convex, broader than base of thorax, deeply
and coarsely punctate.

THE TIGER BEETLES.

3 (13). TETRACHA VIEGINICA Linn., Syst. Nat., II,

1735, 507.

Dark gold green ; elytra blackish at middle, their
sides with a broad metallic green stripe ; antennae,
legs and last ventral segment dull brownish-yellow.
Length 20-24 mm. (Fig. 7.)

Vigo, Knox, Crawford and Posey counties;
frequent. June 30-September 25. Probably oc-
curs in most of the counties covered by the An- /
stroriparian fauna. It is found beneath stones,
wheat shocks and other hiding places, especially along and near
streams, and is often attracted by electric and other lights.

The other species, T. Carolina Linn., is slightly larger and of a
lighter green hue, with the apical portion of the elytra, legs and
antenna 1 yellow.

II. CICINDELA Linn. 1735. (L., "a candle or taper.")

This genus is represented in the United States by 75 or more
species and many varieties. In shape they are very uniform, but
differ much in size and color, and have the head large, with promi-
nent eyes ; thorax varying from cylindrical to a flattened trape-
zoidal form and narrower than head; elytra usually quite convex
and subparallel at the sides with the tips usually rounded, emar-
ginate in one group.

Unlike most other members of the family the species of Cicin-
dela are diurnal in habit, hiding by night and on cloudy or rainy
days in holes dug in the sand, or beneath bark, chips, stones and
rubbish. On bright sunny days, however, they are out in numbers,
frequenting those haunts for which nature has fitted them. Here,
as long as motionless, their hues blend with their surroundings in
such a manner as to render them unnoticeable to higher forms. It
is very probable that several species which occur in early spring
hibernate in the perfect or imago stage. A number of them are
double brooded.

Fifteen members of the genus have been taken in Indiana, while
two othpi's may occur. These may be distinguished one from an-

other by 'die following table. Since in it numerous references are

1

made to the white markings on the elytra, the following explana-
tory terms regarding them are given:

30

FAMILY I. CICINDELID^.

Fig. 8. Fig. 9.

(After Leng.)

Wlien the markings are in bauds, as in Fig. 8: (C. repanda.)

1 ; : humeral lunule.

2 = marginal line.

3 = middle band.

4 = apical lunule.

When the markings are in dots as in Fig. 1) :

5 (See fig. 23) = = basal dot,

6 -- humeral dot.

1 - - posthumeral dot.

8 = = marginal dot.

9 -- supplementary dot.
10==discal dot.

11 = anteapical dot.

12 = apical dot.

When these markings are of the style shown in figure (C. hirti-
colis] they are said to be complete ; wlien lacking in part or broken
up into dots, they are called incomplete.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF C'ICI XIIKLA.

(/. Under side of abdomen metallic blue or green.

1>. Thorax more or less flattened, its sides margined.

c. Abdomen not hairy; front of head flat; elytra flattened and with
a white marginal dot. 2. UNIPUNCTATA.

cc. Abdomen sparsely hairy; front concave; elytra with a vague de-
pression on basal third, dull brown or black with humeral,
posthumeral and anteapical dots and narrow middle baud.

LONGILABRIS.

lilt. Thorax convex, not margined; elytra convex.

<1. Pubescence beneath either erect or lacking; outer margin of ely-
tra in female not angulate.
e. Thorax much narrowed behind; markings incomplete, reduced

to dots or spots ; colors usually bright.
/. Elytra without well defined median band.
fl. Thorax quadrate; elytra green or purple; markings dis-
tinct.

h. Elytra smooth or nearly so; apical lunule and one or
more marginal spots present; color purplish bronze.

3. LECONTE~.
hh. Elytra distinctly punctured; markings reduced to small

Smooth. 4. SEXGUTTATA.

;/(/. Thorax subcylindrical ; elytra black or dark bronxo ;

ings very indistinct. 13.

ff. Elytra with well defined median band.

/. Color either bright or bluish-green; front of ; in.

5.

THE TIGER BEETLES. 31

//. Color coppery or purplish-green ; front of head hairy ;
elytra granulate-punctate. 6. PURPUREA.

<c. Thorax slightly or not at all narrowed behind; markings com-
plete or nearly so ; colors usually dull.

./. Elytral markings quite broad, connected at margin; humeral
luuule obliquely prolonged backward; labrum three-toothed;
larger, 16-18 mm. 7. GENEROSA.

jj. Elytral markings narrower, less prominent, complete or in-
complete, not wholly connected at margin.

/,-. Humeral luuule obliquely prolonged backward; middle band
not extended along the margin. S. VULGARIS.

A-/,-. Humeral lunule C-shaped, not prolonged backward; mid-
dle baud (except in 12-</iitt<it<i) more or less extended
along the margin.

/. Labrum three-toothed; apical lunule bent forward and
inward. 9. ANCOCISCONENSIS.

//. Labrum one-toothed ; apical lunule not bent as above.
in. Marginal white line not connected with humeral lunule.
the latter not bent upward at posterior end; thorax
less hairy.

. Elytral markings complete. 10. REPANDA.

mi. Elytral markings broken into dots; form broader and

flatter. 11. 12-GUTTATA.

mm. Marginal white line connected with humeral lunule, the

latter bent upward at its hind extremity; thorax

very hairy. 12. HIRTICOLOS.

fid. Pubescence beneath prostrate or decumbent ; outer margin of

elytra in female angulate near apex.

o. Elytra white with a few dark markings. 15. LEPIDA.

no. Elytra cupreous or bronze ; markings complete.

14. CUPRASCENS.
IKI. Under side of abdomen partly red.

p. Elytra dark brown without a marginal white band, the markings
normal. 10. RUFIVENTRIS.

^/>. Elytra greenish or fuscous with a white submarginal band.

MARGINIPENNIS.

'2 (17). CICINDELA UNIPUNCTATA Fab., Syst. Ent, 1775, 225.

Dull brown, beneath dark blue; elytra rough with green
fovea and punctures, and with a triangular marginal white
dot. Length 10-18 mm. (Fig. 10.)

Southern half of State ; frequent in Crawford and
Posey counties, less so in Vigo and Putnam. May 4-
Septeiiji/' r 5. Oecurs singly or in pairs on bare spots
in up! ' oods and along woodland paths. Instead

i fi ';:=, ten alarmed, it often attempts to hide he- I IL ,. 10.
ne:. ;yes and stones, and can usually he readily (After

<. i ; i ' r. Llvith the hand.

32

FAMILY I. CICINDELin.K.

('. loiHjilabris Say probably occurs sparingly in the northern
third of the State, as its range includes Michigan and Wisconsin.

3 (19e). CICINDELA SCUTELLARIS LEcoNTEi Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sci. VI, 1853, 301.

Elytra purplish or coppery bronze with apical lunule. one or
two marginal spots and sometimes with a humeral spot, these
rarelv confluent. Front hairy in male, nearly bald in female.

Fig. 11.

Femora, flanks of thorax and front and middle cox;e rather dense-
(AfterLeng ) ly clothed with long white hair. Length VI mm. (Fig. 11.)

This handsome variety of the western species scutellaris has so
far been taken only in Lake and Porter counties, and is probably
confined to the sandy areas of the northwestern portion of the State.
Where found it is frequent in open sandy spots and along- sandy
pathways, usually distant from water. April 21 September 9.

Fig. 12.

Fig. 13.

Fig. 14.
(After Wk'kluun.)

Fig. 15.

Fi^. loa.

4 (24). CICINDELA SEXciUTTATA Fab.. Syst. Enl., 177r>. L'l'C..

Bright green aboye. often with a strong bluish rellectinn ; each
elytron with one to five white d its. these sometimes indistinct or
even wholly lacking. Frunt nut hairy; under surface with only
a few scattered white hairs. Elytra convex, granulate-punctate.
Length 10-14 mm. (Figs. 12 and 1C.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 9-September
15. One of the most attractive of our tiger beetles. It is,,f ig - T 16 -

(After Leng,)

found most frequently along pathways in open woodlands;
also often on logs, beneath the loose bark of which it hides by night
and in cloudy weather. It has been noted on the cement sidewalks
near the center of Indianapolis.

" (1Mb). < 'ICIMIKLA 1'ATHl'EI.A Dej., Spec.. I. lXl2.~i. li

Resembles xr.ri/iittdtti lint usually larger and somewhat da;. . ~ Ale-
dian band and often the humeral lunule complete: apical and :;ntea;'ic;'.!
dots more distinct. I'ndei 1 side much ni'ire hairy, the coxa-, pro- and metas-
terna being especially pilose. Length 12-14.") mm.

THE TIGER BEETLES.

Lake and Lawrence counties; rare. May 7-July 27. Occurs
in shaded pathways on high, dry hills. Usually placed as a variety
of sex gut tat a, but Leng considers them distinct.

6 (25). CICINDELA PURPUREA Oliv.. Ent.. II. 17!>4. 14.

Reddish cupreous, margins ;iud suture of elytra green; mark-
ings consisting of a narrow oblique middle band, an apical dot
and sometimes an anteapical and humeral dot. Thorax deeply
impressed, granulate and rugose. Length 14-10 mm. (Figs. 13
and 17.)

This handsome beetle has so far been noted only in
southern Indiana, where it has been taken in a half dozen Flg - 17

(After Leng.)

or more counties. However, it probably occurs through-
out the State, as its general range includes the entire United States.
It frequents the grassy margins of roads and meadow pathways.
Double brooded and probably hibernates. April 23-October 15.

The variety linibalis King., in which the middle band is long
and sinuate and with humeral, posthumeral, apical and anteapical
dots usually present, probably occurs sparingly in the State, its
range being given as "Maine to Colorado and Kansas."

7 (20a). CICINDELA FORMOSA GENEROSA. Dej., Spec. V. 1831, 231.

Dull reddish cupreous or brownish-bronzed ; white markings wide,
prominent and connected on margin, the middle baud bent backward, then
forward and almost reaching the suture. Thorax broader than long, granu-
late, very hairy on the Hanks. Length K5-1S mm. (Fig. 14.)

This eastern form of Say 's formosa has been taken only in Lake,
Porter, Laporte, Vigo, Perry and Posey counties, where it occurs in
numbers on bare sandy spots and along sandy roads. May 13-Oc-
tober 1. It is more wary and difficult to capture than most of its
kind and when flushed often makes a prolonged flight. Generosa
and unipunctata are the largest of our tiger beetles, and the former
will probably be found over most of the sand covered areas of the
State.

S (32). CICINDELA VULGARIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. I, 1818,
, 409; ibid. II, 422.

Brownish-bronze above, dark green beneath; elytral markings

l

consisting of humeral lunule obliquely prolonged; a middle band
but slightly expanded on margin, entering obliquely and bent at
r-:,r, js. an obtuse angle, and an apical lunule. Length 13-10 mm. (Figs.

Alter Leng.) If, and IS.)

34 FAMILY I. CICINDELIIVE.

Throughout 1he State; common. April 2-Octobrr !). Occurs
usually on sandy or mud flats, 20 and more feet back from running
water; also along sandy roads or on bare spots and pathways in
open upland woods. One specimen was taken April 3d on a cement
walk in Indianapolis.

(31). CICINDELA ANCOCISCONENSIS Harr., Family Visitor, 1853,

No. 3, p. 2.

Brown-bronzed above, bright metallic green beneath ; humeral
lunule scarcely curved ; middle band obtusely bent and extended
along the margin toward the apex; apical lunule bent forward
and inward. Front hairy; thorax subquadrate ; elytra granulate-
punctate. Length 1416 mm. (Fig. 19.)

(After Leng.) Fulton County ; scarce. July 14. Taken in small
numbers along the borders of Bruce Lake and along ditches
in peat bogs and tamarack swamps. Probably occurs sparingly in
like situations throughout the northern third of the State, its range
being given as "New Hampshire to Illinois."

10 (33). CICINDELA BEPANDA Dej., Spec., I, 1825, 74.

Brownish-bronze with a more or less greenish or coppery re-
flection ; humeral lunule C-shaped ; middle band rectangularly
bent, connected with a marginal white line which nearly but never
quite reaches the apical and humeral luuules. Front sparingly

Fig 20.

hairy. Thorax nearly square, hairy on the sides. Elytra grauu- ( After Leng >
late-punctate, parallel in the male, suddenly dilated before the
middle in the female. Length 12-13 mm. (Fig. 20.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 18-October 5. Occurs

,

most abundantly on sand banks and gravel bars; also along the
borders of roads, fields and railway tracks.

11 (33c). CICINDELA 12-GUTTATA Dej., Spec., I, 1825, 73.

Brownish-bronze; elytral markings consisting of humeral, pust-
humeral, apical, anteapical and upper discal dots and a very nar-
row middle band, scarcely reaching the discal dot. From rcixiiHlu.
of which it is usually considered a variety, it differs also "by tl:<
more flattened form, by the shorter and less convex thorax and
Fig. 21. by the elytra of the female being only gradually dilated."
(After Leng.) (Lcnff.) Length 12-15 mm. (Fig. 21.)

Lake, Starke, Fulton, Vigo and Posey counties. May 27-October
10. Occurs sparingly only along Ihc margins of ditch;-, in peat
bogs and low, moist grounds.

THE TIGER BEETLES.

35

4

Fig. 22.
(After Leng.)

12 (35). CICINDELA niRTlcoLLis Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., I.

1818, 411 ; ibid. II, 2.

Brown bronze above: beneath green, very hairy; humeral
lunule bent upward at its hind extremity and connected by a
marginal line with middle band, the marginal line usually broken
before the apical lunule. Front hairy. Thorax quadrate, flat,
very hairy. Elytra granulate-punctate, suddenly dilated before
the middle in both sexes. Length 13-14 mm. (Figs. 15a and 22.)

Abundant along the shore of Lake Michigan and on the
sand dimes back from the lake; also found on the sandy
beaches of other large lakes in northern Indiana. May 13-Sept. 5.

13 (40). CICINDELA PUNCTULATA Oliv., Ent. II, 17U4, 27.

'Slender, subcylindrical. Black, dark brown or greenish-bronzed above;
greenish-blue beneath ; the whitish markings, except the apical luiiule,
usually reduced to one or two minute dots, with rarely a broken humeral
lunule and interrupted middle band present. Front without hairs. Thorax
sparsely hairy, -very finely granulate. Elytra densely punctured, each with
a row r of larger green punctures near the suture. Length 11-14 mm.

Throughout the State ; one of the most common and widely dis-
tributed of tiger beetles. Often found about electric lights and on
the walks of the cities ; also along dry upland roads and especially
pathways in open woods. May 25-November 4.

14 (45). CICINDELA CUPKASCENS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

1852, 65.

Cupreous or greenish-bronzed above ; markings complete and
connected along the marginal line. Front hairy. Thorax flat-
tened, nearly quadrate, slightly rounded at sides, thinly clothed
with white hairs. Outer margin of male elytron slightly sinuate;
of female elytron strongly sinuate with a tooth one-fourth from
t' Q tip. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 23.)

Frequent along the sandy beach of Lake Michigan, near
Pine, Lake County and Dune Park, Porter County; also a
single example from a sand bar in Putnam County. Probably wide-
ly distributed in the State. July 5-September ].

Those found along the beach of Lake Michigan are more slender,
less strongly punctured and with the marginal tooth of the female
elytron more obtuse than in the Putnam County form. They are to
be referred to the variety macra Lee.

15 (55). CICINDELA LEPIDA Dej., Spec., V, 1831, 255.

Flat and broad. Head and thorax greenish-bronze, hairy;
elytra white with a few green or bronze dark lines; under sur-
face. : sely clothed with white hair. Elytra sinuate at apex,
ru : ire deeply so in female. Length 9-12 mm. (Fig. 24.)

Taken in the State only on the bare white sand along the beach
>f Lake Michigan near Pine, Lake County, and Dune Park, Porter

Fig. 24.

(After Lent;.)

FAMILY II. CARABIDJE.

County. Juno 27-September 5. As its color harmonizes so closely
with that of its resting place, it must be marked down and then
kept in view until close enough to capture with the net. It is said
to fly to electric light.

1(5 (U4). CICINDELA RUFIVENTRIS Dej., Spec.. I, 1825. 102.

Dark smoky brown, lnv.ir/ced above; bluish-green beneath, ab-
domen red; elytral markings consisting of apical limiile and
humeral, posthmneral, marginal and two discal dots; the latter
sometimes wanting, sometimes united to form a short, sinuate
middle band. Head finely striate, not hairy. Thorax subquad-

Fig. 25. ni te with sparse hairs each side. Elytra faintly punctate. Length
(After Leng.) _ (Fjg> 25<)

This species has so far been taken in Indiana only on bare spots
on the slopes and tops of high hills near Wyandotte Cave, Craw-
ford County. Here it. is quite common from June 15 to Septem-
ber, and can be readily approached and easily taken with a net. It
probably occurs in like situations in many localities in the southern
third of the State.

Cichidcla- marginipennis Dej. has been taken by Dury on a sand
bar of the Little Miami River near Batavia Junction, Ohio. May
17. It therefore very probably occurs along the streams of the
southeastern portion of Indiana.

Family II. CARABID^E.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

This family has more representatives in Indiana than any other
family of Colcoptera. Its members are to be looked for anywhere
on or close to the ground, where by day they usually bide beneath
whatever cover presents itself. At night they roam about in eager
search for anything which will furnish food. All the species have
long legs and run with great rapidity. While the inner wings are
present in most forms, they seldom attempt to escape by flight;
though some of the smaller ones are seen flying in numbers during
the first warm days of spring or about electric lights during summer
evenings. The principal characters of the family may be briefly
diagnosed as follows :

Head narrower than thorax, directed forward; menturu *.-':-ply
emarginate ; maxilla 1 with the outer lobe destitute of a movable
hook at the tip; antenna 1 11 -jointed, filiform, inserted under a
frontal ridge b"hind the ba.se of the mandibles, the joints (except

THE GROUND BEETLES. 37

the basal ones) covered with a minute pubescence ; epimera and epi-
sterna of thorax distinct; abdomen with six, rarely (Brachinini)
with seven ventral segments, the first visible only at the sides ; legs
slender, the hind ones not very different from the middle pair ;
front and middle coxa- globular, hind coxa- dilated on the inner
side; tarsi 5-jointed.

The majority of the species of Carabida are predaceous and
beneficial, feeding in part upon the larva; and mature forms of
other insects; their mouth parts being excellently adapted to catch-
ing and masticating such food. Dr. 8. A. Forbes examined 175
specimens representing 38 species and 20 genera. Of these 83 speci-
mens, obtained in miscellaneous situations, had derived 42 per cent,
of their food from the animal kingdom, while of 70 specimens taken
in an orchard where canker-worms were abundant, 77 per cent, of
their food was of animal origin, 21 per cent, being canker-worms.
Of the 175 specimens examined, 57 per cent, of the food was of ani-
mal origin, 36 per cent, being composed of the remains of insects;
the other 21 per cent, being made up of mollusks, earthworms, myra-
pods and araehnidse. The vegetable matter eaten was composed of
the remains of eryptogamic plants and the pollen of grasses and
Composita-.*

A few members, especially those belonging to the genera H<ir-
palus, Anisodactylus and A warn, are seed eaters and probably do
more damage than good; while Ihe larva- of Oinoithron and some of
the species of CHriaa have been known to be quite destructive to the
soft sprouting grains of corn. However, on account of their great
numbers and predaceous habits, both in the larval and perfect
stages, our Carabida- doubtless play an important part in holding
in check the excessive multiplication of other and more injurious in-
sect forms.

The larva 1 of the Carabida? are mostly long, flattened grubs,
with the body of nearly equal breadth throughout. They have sharp
projecting mandibles and the hind end of the bodv bears a pair of
conical bristly appendages. Like the adults they are predaceons.
living in burrows just beneath the surface of the ground, and feed-
ing upon the soft bodied larva- of many leaf eating insects which
the ground to transform. When fullv grown they change to
uii.lcr ground in small earthen cells which thev form for this
purpose. When ready to emerge as imagoes, the color changes

*"The Food Relations of the Carabida? and Coccinellida?." in Bull. No. 6, 111. Lab. Nat. Hist. 1883.

FAMILY IF. CARABID^E.

from almost white to that of the perfect insect, and leaving the old
pupal skin behind the young beetle crawls forth to the shelter of
some object which will protect it by day, while at night it roams
freely in search of food or a mate with which to perpetuate its kind.

About 13,000 species of Carabida 1 are known, more than 1,200
of which have been described from the different parts of the United
States. Of these 366 representing 73 genera have, up to the pres-
ent, been taken in Indiana. The principal papers treating of each
genus will be mentioned under the tribal or generic heading. For a
general classification of the family the student is referred to the fol-
lowing papers:

LcConte. "Notes on the Classification of the Carabidae of the
United States/ 1 in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, 363-403.

Horn. "On the Genera of Oarabidre with special reference to
the fauna of Boreal America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
IX, 188r: pp. 91-196, pis. III-X.

*

By Dr. Horn the Carabidnr* were divided into three subfamilies,
two of which are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIAX A STISFAMILIES OF CAJSABID^.

a. .Middle coxal cavities not entirely enclosed by the
sterna alone, the epimeron of the inesosternum
reaching the coxa on the outer side. (Fig. 26.)

Subfamily I. CARABINE, p. 38.

an. Middle coxal cavities entirely enclosed by the sterna.
Fig. 26. the epimeron not reaching the coxa ; head without

(Aftei Leng.) antennal grooves beneath and with one or more

1. Coxa! cavities; 2. distinct bristly hairs above the eyes.

Epimeron; 3. Mesosterna; ,,

4 Metasterna. Subfamily II. HARPALT.x.K. p. 63.

Subfamily I. CARABINAE.

In this subfamily the epimera of the mesosternum nearly equal
the epistema in size and reach the coxal cavities, forming a part of
their enclosing Avails. The head has one or two large punctures
above each eye, each bearing a bristly hair; sides of thorax usually
with two similar punctures. Front tibia? either entire, obliquely
grooved or emarginate. The subfamily is divided into 15 tribes, of
which but six are represented in Indiana.

KKV TO 1NI1 AN A TULI'.KS OF CAIJ.\l:|.\ .!:.

a. Front coxal cavities open behind.

b. Hind coxa- separated; labrum deeply forked.

Tribe II. CYCHRINI, p. 41.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

39

lib. Hind cox;e not separated; lubrum not i'urked.

c. JViandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side;

size large, IS or more ami. Tribe III. CARABINI, p. 44.

cc. Mandibles each with a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side ;

smaller, not over 12 nina. Tribe V. NEBRIINI, p. 50.

an. Front coxal cavities closed behind.

il. Prosternum prolonged and dilated, entirely concealing the meso-
sternum ; scutellum invisible. Tribe I. OMOPIIRONINI, p. :'.'.).

dd. Prosteriium not concealing the mesostermun.

c. Anteume free at base ; body not pedunculate, the bases of thorax
and elytra in contact ; scutellum visible.

Tribe IV. ELAPHRINI, p. 4x.

ce. Antennae arising under a frontal plate; body pedunculate, tin-
bases of thorax and elytra remote ; scutellum not visible ; hind
coxa? contiguous. Tribe VI. SCARITINI, p. 53.

Tribe I. OMOPHRONINI.

Antennae slender, inserted under a slight frontal margin, four
basal joints glabrous: mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture on
outer side; second joint of labial palpi with several seta 1 or bristle-
like hairs ; body not pedunculate ; mesosternum covered by the
prolonged prosternum. The tribe is represented by the single
genus :

I. OMOPHRON La.tr. 1802 (Gr., "savage-like.")

Form oval, convex ; scutellum invisible. The species occupy
holes in wet sand along the margins of streams, ponds and lakes.
They are also often
found under stones or
in holes between the
roots of plants along the
water's edge, and are
frequently caught in
minnow seines. By
throwing w r ater over the
sand banks they can be
forced out and are then
easily captured, as they
do not fly. For detailed
papers on the genus see :

Hc< rn. "Synopsis of
m o phron," in
Trans, Amer.
Ent. Roc.. TTT.

1870. 71. Fig. 27. Oinuiilinin Mnutnin Full. !). (After Forbes.)

40 FA M FLY IT. CAIiABTME.

Horn. " X/rit(>i>/ !< table of the genus Omophron," in Bull.
Brook. Ent. So,-., I, 1878. 4.

Nine species are known from the United States, of which four
have been taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OMOPHRON.

a. P>roadly oval, shining; elytral strhv almost entirely obliterated at apex
and indistinct on side, the intervals flat: median line of thorax
very faint.

it. Rows of elytra! punctures reaching only to middle; color dark
brown or nearly black. The side margins of thorax and elytra pale.

LABIATUM.

Ith. Hows of elytra I punctures reaching two-thirds the distance from
base to apex; color dark metallic green, pale at sides.

17. NITIDUM.

</</. Less broadly oval. less convex and less shining; elytral strife reach-
ing to very near the apex, distinct on sides, the intervals convex.
c. Elytra 14-striate; stria' shallow, indistinct aT apex, punctures large,
distant. is. ROBUSTTM.

cc. Elytra IH-striate; stria' deep, distinct at apex.

(I. Thorax wiTh side margin only pale. 10. AMERICANUM.

<lil. Thorax with sides, basal and apical margins pale.

20. TESSELLATUM.

0. liibiiiluni Fab. occurs in the "Middle and Southern States,"
and should be looked for in southern Indiana. (Fig. 27.)

17 (71). OMOPHRON NITIDUM Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV. 1S4S, 447.

Dark metallic gieen. shining: thorax and elytra with a narrow, pale
margin, that of the elytra with three irregular projections, the h'rst and
second of which extend inward to the eighth and sixth stria'; the third
longer, sulxpiadrate and near the apex. Thorax without punctures on
pale margins and at center, coarsely and sparsely punctured near base
and apex. Punctures of elytra large, distant. Length r-(! mm.

Lake County; scarce. Taken by A. B. Wolc.ott from the beach
of Lake Michigan near the station of Pine. April 29-May 28.

IS (74). OMOPHRON ROBUST VM Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. III. 1S7<>. 7:!.
Tale brownish-yellow; elytra with broken green cross-markings; The
stria 1 witli coarse distant punctures. Thorax with a narrow green cross-
band, which extends forward and backward at the middle, and an oval
green spot each side. Length <i.r> mm.

Stein collection from southern Indiana. Probably throughout

the State, but scarce. Taken by Dury at Cincinnati.
1!) (7<>). OMOPIIUOX AMKKK AM M Dej.. Spec., V. IS.",!, ."is:!.

Bronzed or greenish-black: head mostly green: thorax and elytra
with pale margins, those of the former very narrow. Punctures of elytral
stria 1 rather fine, the intervals strongly convex. Length (5-7 mm.

THE GHOUNIJ BEETLES. 41

Common throughout the State. April 23-September 5. Some-
times occurs under rubbish remote from water.

:2U (Til. OMOPIIRON TDSSELATUM Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Ill, 1SJ. l;jl>; ibid. II. !>T.

Pale brownish-yellow; head with a screen hand across tlie
l>:ise; thorax with a small, subquadrate green spot which is
prolonged backward and forward along a deeply impressed

rig. 28.

median line; elytra with cross-markings metallic green. the

(After Leng.)

punctures of the striae close and tine. Thorax coarsely punc-

tured near base and apex, more finely and very sparsely at middle and

sides. Length (i-7 mm. (Fig. 28.)

Common in the northern part of the State ; rare in the southern
portion. May 22-August 22.

Tribe II. CYCHHIM.

Head more or less constricted; neck often semi-globose; an-
tenna; slender, inserted under a feeble frontal ridge; labrum deep
ly forked ; body not pedunculate ; seutellum very small. Proster-
nuni not prolonged behind the coxa 1 ; hind coxa? separated by a tri-
angular process of the abdomen. The tribe is represented in the
eastern United States by two genera, separated as follows:

KEY TO GKN10RA OF CYCHKINT.

a. Antenna- with four basal joints glabrous. II. C'YciiRrs.

mi. Antenna;' with two basal joints glabrous. NOMARETUS.

Of these only specimens <,f ('m-Jinix have as yet been taken in
Indiana, though two or three species of Nvniarrtus should be found
here. They are black or violaceous in color and 10-13 mm. in
length.

II. CYCHRUS Fab. 17!)4. (Gr., "a ground runner.")

Beetles of medium or large size, violaceous or brownish-purple
in color, having the head elongate, the mandibles long, slender,
curved and without a bristle-bearing puncture on the outer side;
labial and maxillary palpi very long, the last joint hatchet-shaped
and concave. The elytra have 14 to 18 very distinct stria.', which
are sometimes irregular or replaced by tubercles. The species live
beiK'Hfh stones and leaves, usually in moist woods, and feed upon
snails, their long heads having, in the course of time, become especi-
ally adapted to extracting these animals from their shells. For
synopses of the genus see ;

42 FAMILY IT. CARABID^E.

Horn. "Synopsis of the Species of Cychrus Inhabiting Boreal

America," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1879, 168-185.
Horn. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., I. 1879, 79-82.

About 30 species of Cychrus are known from the United States.
Of these but five have so far been taken in Indiana, though two
others perhaps occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYCHRUS.

. Smaller, not over 15 nun.; front tarsi of male broadly dilated, those
of female nut dilated; maxilhe hidden beneath the broad cheeks;
legs stout.
h. Hind angles of thorax very >btuse; length 12-14 mm.

c. Thoracic punctures very few. limited to the basal impressions;
elytral stria? interrupted only at apex. 21. STENOSTOMUS VAR.
<-<: Thorax with numerous punctures between and in the basal im-
pressions; elytral stria- interrupted behind the middle.

22. LECONTEI.

lil). Hind angles of thorax rectangular; elytral stria? interrupted on
sides and apex; length 11-12 mm. CANADENSIS.

mi. Larger, ls-28 mm; front tarsi of male but narrowly dilated; maxilla-
exposed ; legs slender.
(L Thorax nearly as wide as elytra, the sides much elevated, the hind

angles prolonged backward.

e. Smaller, length less than 20 rnm. 23. ELEVATUS.

<('. Larger, length more than 25 mm. 24. XJNICOLOR.

(Id. Thorax much narrower than elytra, moderately reflexed. the hind

angles not prolonged backward.

/. Form robust; margins of thorax rather wide, distinctly reflexed.

VIDUUS.
ff. Form slender; margins of thorax very narrow, not reflexed.

25. ANDREWSII VAR.

21 (82). CYCHRUS STENOSTOMUS INDIANA Leiig, MS.

Oval, slender. Black ; elytra violaceous, their margins bluish. Thorax
broader than long, sides curved, strongly converging on basal half; hind
angles obtusely rounded; disk smooth, the basal impressions linear, deep,
with very few punctures. Elytral intervals slightly interrupted at sides.
UK. re distinctly on apical fourth, but not tuberculate. Length 11-12 mm.

Marion, Posey, Crawford and .leimings counties; scarce. April
4-September 20. Mr. Chas. W. Leug. of New York City, who has
recently made ;i special study of North American Ci/dinix, states
that this is a distinct variety of slcmtslomus Web., which differs
from that species by the usually "total absence of the transverse
liasal impression of the thorax. " lie lias ui\-cn it the varietal name
indiancB,

THE GliOUND BEETLES.

43

Fig. 29. (After Leng.)
Natural size.

22 (S2a). CYCHRVS LECONTEI Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 15.

Oval, rather robust ; color of the preceding. Basal impressions of
thorax broad, with numerous punctures. Elytra deeply striate with closely
placed punctures, the intervals interrupted from the middle to apex, thus
forming elongate tubercles. Length 12-14 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 20-November 5. In
the north it occurs beneath sphagnum mosses and about the borders
of lakes and tamarack marshes, while in the southern counties it is
found in lowland woods.

C. canadensis Chaud. has been taken by Dury near Cincinnati,
and doubtless occurs sparingly in southern Indiana.

23 (86). CYCHRCS ELEVATUS Fab., Mant, I, 198.

Oval, robust. Violaceous or cupreous. Antenna? slen-
der, three-fourths the length of body, first joint longer
than third. Thorax with hind angles prolonged over the
elytra, the latter with humeral margins much reflexed.
First joint of front tarsi of male spongy pubescent over
one-half its lower surface. Length 18-19 mm. (Fig. 29.)

Fulton County ; rare ; one specimen from near
DeLong. July 30. Two were in the Stein collec-
tion from Indiana, but without definite locality. Our form, accord-
ing to Leng, is var. Jlamuu'iis Hald., which "differs from the true
elevatus by being broader and natter. ' '

24 (86a). CYCHRT.TS UNICOLOR Oliv., Ent, III. 1795, 47.

. Resembles elevatus but much larger and more robust. Elytra with a
slight ernargination or sinuation a little behind the middle, which is not
present in elevatus. Length 26-28 mm.

Monroe, Lawrence, Knox, Crawford and Harrison counties ; one
or two specimens from each. Occurs beneath stones in deep ra-
vines. May 3-November 14. This is the form often called elevatus
var. lieros; the name unicolor, however, has priority. It is un-
doubtedly distinct from elevatus.

25 ( ). CYOHRUS ANDKEWSII GERMARI Chaud., Bull.

Mosc., II, 1861, 495.

Oval, rather slender. Violaceous above, black be-
neath. Thorax longer than wide, subcordate, hind
angles obtuse ; disk almost smooth, punctate along
the sides, margins narrow, slightly reflexed. First
joint of front tarsi of male as in elevatus. Length
19 22 mm. (Fig. 30.)

A species of southern range, found in small
numbers near Charlestown Landing, Clark Coun-
ty; also one specimen from Brown County.
x \% Alav 21-Or-tober 1. This is the form often called

AfterLeng)

44 FAMILY II. (' AKAIIin.K.

andrcu-sii Harr., but, according to Long, typical luidrewsii occurs
only in the mountain region of North Carolina, is smaller, more
slender and lacks the interruption of some of the striie usually
noted on the apical third of the Indiana specimens.

Tribe III. CARABINI.

Species of medium or large size, for the most part noted for
their beauty of form, color or sculpture. Head not constricted be-
hind the eyes; labrum broad and emarginate; mandibles stout,
curved and without bristle-bearing puncture on outer side. Body
not pedunculate; scutellum small. Prosternum prolonged, the
front coxal cavities open behind, the hind coxfe not separated.
Males with the front tarsi dilated and densely pubescent beneath.
The tribe is represented in the United States and Indiana by two
genera, separated as follows :

KEY TO GENERA OF CARABINI.

a. Third joint of antenna 1 cylindrical. III. CARABUS.

iui. Third joint of autenme compressed. IV. CALOSOMA.

III. CARABUS Linn. 1765. (Gr., "a horned beetle.")

Black or brownish-black species above the average in size and
with the surface of the elytra more or less sculptured. They occur
beneath stones and logs and are nowhere common, not more than 40
specimens having been taken in the State during 25 years' collect-
ing. Nine or ten species are known from the United States. Of
these four have been taken in Indiana while another probably oc-
curs. For synoptic tallies separating the United States species see;

Crotch. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V. 1876, 247.

Crotch. Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., I, 1878, 66.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CARABUS.

(/. Thorax punctate beneath; color brassy-bronze ; elytra finely granu-
late with broken and continuous elevations. MJEANDER.
mi. Thorax not punctured beneath.

l>. Elytra each with three rows of t'ovezo or little pits. 2<>. SYLVOSUS.
bb. Elytra without fove:e but with the fourth, eighth and twelfth inter-
vals broken so as to resemble a series of links.

<: Margin of elytra serrate near the base. l!7. sn^.vrrs.

cc Margin of elytra not serrate.

(1. Elytra black, the margins bluish; intervals equal.

28. LIMBATUS.

dd. Elytra bronzed: four of the intervals elevated so as to form
slender ridges. 29. VINCTUS.

THE

BEKTLKS.

45

C. in/i<ni<l< r Fisch. is a boreal species which has been taken by
Wolcott near Chicago and doubtless occurs in the northern third of
Indiana. lie finds it in spring, early summer and autumn, by
tearing the sod away from the large exposed roots of oak and other
trees in sparsely wooded pasture land, the beetle occurring between
the sod and the roots.

2<J (120). ('ARAisus SYLVOSCS Say, Trans. Amor. IMiil. Sue.. II. 1x23, 75;

ibid. II. 492.

Elongate-oval, robust. P.laek : margins of thorax and elytra blue.
Thorax broader than long, slightly punctured, margins reflexed. Elytra
elongate-oval, the stria* very line. Length 27-30 nun.

Laporte, Knox and Vigo counties ; rare. May 12 October 3.
Occurs beneath logs in upland sandy woods.

27 (121). C'AKAnrs sKRRATt's Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc.,
II. 1S2:;. 77: ibid. II. 4!>4.

Oval, rather slender. Black with violet margins. Thorax
broad, disk smooth, margins punctured and slightly retlexed.
Elytra elongate, the margin with two >r three slight notches
near the base; stria' with distant, deep punctures. Length
20-24 mm. (Fig. 31.)

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; rare. Taken from
beneath logs in damp localities. April 15-May 21.

Fig. 31.

28 (122). CARAUUS LIMBATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 77;
ibid. II, 41)3.

Oval, robust. Black with bluish margins. Thorax one-
half wider than long, rather sparsely and shalluwly punctate. Elytra
deeply striate. punctures distinct and regular, intervals convex. Length
25-28 mm.

Fulton, Marion, Vermillion, Vigo, Posey, Monroe and Franklin
counties; one or two specimens from each. April 10-September 3.
Occurs in moist upland woods.

2!> (123). CAKAIH-S VI.XCTI s Web., Obs. Ent.. ISO], 42.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Dull black, bronzed;
thorax with a greenish tinge at borders, its surface not
punctate, but more or less finely rugose. Broken inter-
vals of elytra m.nv prominent than in the preceding
species; the stria> linely and irregularly granulate-punc-
tate. Length 25-30 mm. (Fig. .",2.)

Knox, Gibson, Dubois and Spencer counties;
scarce. April 23-June 14. Occurs beneath bark
and other cover in low, moist woods.

Fig. 32.

46

FAMILY II. CABABID^.

IV. CALOSOMA Weber. 1801. (Gr., "beautiful + body.")

Large species, green, black or bronze in color, having the tooth
of mentum simple and third joint of antennae strongly compressed.
Some of them are very common beneath logs and stones in open
woods and about the borders of cultivated fields, and are often at-
tracted in numbers by electric lights. They are among the most
beneficial of the CarabkUe, feeding almost wholly upon caterpillars,
cutworms and other injurious larva-. About 25 species are known
from the United States, five of which have been taken in Indiana,
while another doubtless 03curs. The following papers are the prin-
cipal ones treating of the genus:

LeConte. ' 'Notes on the Species of Calosoma Inhabiting the
United States" in Proc. Phil. Ac-fid. Nat, Sci., 1862, 52.

,. "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., I, 1878,
64.

30. EXTERN I'M.

31. SCRUTATOR
32. W1LLCOXI.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALOSOMA.

(i. Elytra without rows of metallic spnts.

l>. Elytra black with blue border: length :;o nun.
hh. Elytra metallic green with red margin.
c. Length more than 25 mm.
<-c. Length less than 20 mm.
mi. Elytra black, each with three rows of golden or metallic green im-
pressed sjxits.
<I. Spots of elytra green.

c. Length 20 mm.; front tarsi of males with four joints hairy be-
neath. 33. FHIGIDUM.
cc. Length 25 or more mm.: front tarsi of male with two joints hairy
beneath. SAYI.
<1<1. Spots of elytra golden, very rarely green; front tarsi of male with
three joints hairy bonoatli. .".4. CALIDI M.

30 (124). CALOSOMA EXTERNUM Say, Journ. Phil.

Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 1823, 150 ; ibid.

II. 0(1.

Elongate robust. Black, suhopaque: side margins
of thorax and elytra blue. Thorax with sides rounded,
broadly flattened and reflexecl behind: hind angles
obtusely mundcd. Elytra almost parallel to apical
fourth, the stria' witli distinct pun -tares. Length
::o mm. < Fig. :;:;. i

Throughout the State but nowhere common.
May !:!-(> t'iliei- 18. O'-ciirs singly or in pairs
beneath cover in open woods.

l-'ifj. '>''.

I.rllu.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

47

Fig. 34.

It is sometimes called the

31 (127). CALOSOMA SCRUTATOR Fab., Sys.

Hut., I, 17S5, 239.

Oval, robust. Disk of thorax blue or
purplish-black, the margins golden or red-
dish-bronzed ; legs blue ; abdomen green and
red. Thorax very short, more than twice as
wide as long, nearly smooth, sides and hind
angles rounded. Elytra striate, punctured.
Middle tibia? of male curved and with a
dense brush of hairs on the inner surface
near the tip. Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 34.)

This large green species is one of the
most common and most handsome of the
ground beetles. It occurs in all parts of
the State and is often attracted by hund-
dreds to the electric lights of the cities,
"searcher" or "caterpillar hunter," MS it ascends trees in search of
caterpillars, catching and feeding upon many injurious forms.
Both it and C. calidum give off a very disagreeable odor when
handled. May 11-July 14.

32 (128). CALOSOMA WILLCOXI Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 446.

Very similar to scrutator but much smaller and with a narrower
thorax. Margin of elytra sometimes green. Middle tibire of male straight ;
not hairy. Length 18 mm.

Very common along the beach of Lake Michigan in May and
June; less frequent in southern Indiana. April 26-Jnne 10. Often
attracted by electric light.

33 (129). CALOSOMA FRIGIDUM Kirby, Faun. Bor. Arner..
IV, 1837, 19.

Oval, rather slender. Black above, greenish-black below ;
thorax and elytra with narrow green margins. Head and
thorax sparsely and rugosely punctate. Elytra with fine
punctured strife, each with three rows of distant, round.
green impressed spots. Length 20 mm. (Fig. 35.)

A northern species which has been taken in Indi-
ana only along the beach of Lake Michigan, where it
is found in May and June in small numbers. May
Fig. 35. 27-June 29.
34 (142). CALOSOMA CALIDTJM Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1785, 237.

Oval, robust. Black above and below; elytra with three rows of red-
dish or copper colored pits. Head and thorax finely rugose, not punctate,
the latter with broad basal impressions. Elytral stria? deep, finely punc-
tured; intervals broad and. as in several of the other species, appearing as
if composed of overlapping scales. Length 21-23 mm. (Fig. 30.)
[4 23402 J

48 FAMILY II. t'AHABID.K.

Common throughout the State in meadows,
( ultivated fields, gardens, etc. It is called the
"fiery hunter,'"' as it is often seen in daytime on
the search for cutworms and other juicy larvae.
It is also known to feed upon the young of the
Colorado potato beetle, The grubs are called
"cutworm lions," as they capture and destroy
many of those injurious worms. May 2-July 20.

te

Fig. 36.

Tribe IV. ELAPIIKINI.

Beetles of small or medium si/e. blackish or bronze in color,
having the eyes more or less prominent, antenna 1 rarely longer
than head and thorax, with three basal joints glabrous; labrum
truncate; mandibles stout, concave and with one bristle-bearing
puncture on the outer side. Body not pedunculate, scutellum dis-
tinct. Elytra not or feebly margined at base. Prosternum not
prolonged behind the cox-.i-. the coxa! cavities closed. The tribe is
composed of three genera, two of which are represented in Indiana.

KKY TO INDIANA (iKNKRA OF ELAPHRINI.

it. Elytra not striate. but with prominent impressions or pits; eyes promi-
nent; tooth of mentum large, emarginate. V. ELAPHRUS.
(HI. Elytra striate. with small pits beetween the strhe; eyes not prominent:
tooth of mentum short, bind at tip. VI. BLETHISA.

V. ELAPHRUS Fab. 1775. (Gr.. "light in moving;" i. e., swift.)

Bronzed and metallic beetles, similar in form but much smaller
than these of the genus ('icintlcla. They may be found on sunny
days running on sand bars and mud fiats near streams and lakes,
and in cloudy weather hiding under plants and rubbish. Head, in
our species, wider than thorax, the latter without marginal bristle-
bearing puncture. Elytra with rows of large, shallow, orbicular
impressions. Eleven species are known from the United States,
five of which have been taken in Indiana. For synoptic tallies of
both this genus and the next, sec:

Crotch Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1876, 246.

rVo/r//. Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., I, 1878. 6-7.

KKY TO INDIANA SPKCIKS OF ELAPHRIS.

</. Thorax sparsely punctate; front tarsi of males with four joints di-
lated.
1>. Elytra sn th. not punctured.

THE GROUND HKKTI.KS. 4!)

C. Under surface of thorax coarsely and sparsely punctate.

35. CLAIRVILLEI.

re. Under surface of thorax finely and densely punctate ; legs piceous.

36. L.33VIGATUS.

bit. Elytra punctate, at least on sides.

(?. Whole surface of elytra sparsely and cnarsely punctate; length

7-7.5 mm. 37. CICATRICOSUS.

thl. liaised portions of elytra between the impressions not punctate;

length s-s.5 mm. 38. FULIGINOSUS.

ita. Thorax finely, evenly and densely punctate; front tarsi of male with

three joints dilated; length <; mm. 30. RUSCARIUS.

35 (150). ELAPHRUS CLAIRVILLEI Kirhy. Faun. I'.or. Amer.. IV, 1S37.

Elongate-oblong. Obscurely bronzed, shining; elytra with a purplish
tinge; legs paler. Head sparsely punctate, vertex foveate, occiput deeply
impressed. Thorax not wider than head, disk with a deep fovea each side,
the base and apex sparsely punctured on the sides. Elytra with four rows
of eye-like fovete. Length 8.5 mm.

One in Field Museum collection labelled "Ind. " Probably
from near South Bend. A member of the boreal fauna.

36 (151). ELAPHRUS L.EVIGATUS Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1852, 200.

Bronzed, shining, legs piceous. Elytra not punctured, the fovesu
purplish. Length 7-8 mm.

Two specimens in Field Museum labelled "Iiid.'' Ranges from
Michigan to California.
:'>~ (153). ELAPIIRFS CICATKK osrs Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1S4S, .",4s.

Elongate-oblong. Dull brassy above; bluish beneath; tibi;e and tarsi
dull yellow. Thorax with a deep median impression and a small circular
fovea each side; the punctures, as well as those of elytra, much more
coarse and irregular in size than in niwuriux. Length 7-7.5 mm.

Mud fiats, border of cypress swamp, Knox County; frequent lo-
cally. June 29-September 2.

38 (155). ELAPHRUS FULIGINOSUS Say. Trans. Ame,r. Phil. Soc.. IV. ls:u,

417; ibid. II. 520.

Brassy-black, tinged with green above, metallic green below; tibi.-r
and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax and sides of elytra sparingly punctate:
disk of latter in part smooth. Length 8-X..~i mm.

A northern species taken sparingly along the beach of Lake
Michigan near Pine, Lake County. May 20-June 20.

.".0 (160). KLAFHKUS KUSCARIUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc..

IV, 1834, 417: ibid. II. 406, 530.

Dull brassy above; metallic green beneath; impressions
of elytra purplish; legs reddish-brown. Thorax coarsely punc- Fig. 37
tate beneath, the disk with a faint median impression. Length (After Leng,)
6 mm. (Fig. 37.)

50 FAMILY II. CAKAP.ID.3i;.

Common along streams and margins of ponds and lakes through-
out the State. April 3-Deeember 25. One specimen from Putnam
County was taken on the latter date, indicating that the species
probably hibernates in the imago stage.

VI. BLETIIISA Bon. 1813. (Gr., "to throw.")

Resembling El<ii>lu-us but much larger, with proportionally nar-
rower head and smaller eyes. Head and thorax parallel, the for-
mer Avith a deep groove each side; last joint of maxillary palpi-
short. They live during summer near rain pools or small bodies of
water. One of the four species known from the United States has
been taken in Indiana, Avhile another perhaps occurs.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BLETHISA.

a. Thorax quadrate, smooth above and beneath except in the basal im-
pressions ; length 15 mm. QUADRICOLLIS.
na. Thorax subcordate, finely and densely punctate beneath ; length 12 mm.

MULTIPUNCTATA.

40 (164). BLETHISA QUADRICOLLIS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad.

Nat. Sci., III, 1847, 149.

Blackish or coppery bronze above ; black beneath. Thorax
quadrate, sides feebly curved, margins strongly reflexed,
basal impressions sparsely punctate, hind angles obtusely
rounded. Elytra striate, punctured, each with about ten
fove;e arranged in three rows. Length 15 mm. (Fig. 38.)

Represented in the collection by a single specimen,
taken August 15 from beneath rubbish near a deep
Fig 38 Pl i ]1 t ne cen ter of a tamarack marsh, one half mile
(After Leng.) south of DeLong, Fulton County. Specimens from
Lake and St. Joseph counties are in the Wolcott and
Field Museum collections at Chicago.

B. multipunctata Linn, has been taken in Michigan and northern
Illinois, and doubtless occurs in the northern third of Indiana.

Tribe V. NEBRIINI.

Species of small or medium size, mostly black in color; antennae
with four basal joints glabrous; mandibles Avith bristle-bearing
puncture on outer side ; elytra margined at base. Prosternum pro-
longed behind the coxa 1 . the cavities open behind; hind co\-e touch-
ing. Five genera represent Hie tribe in the United States, two of
which occur in Indiana.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 51

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NEBRIINI.

a. Size small, not over 5 nun. ; front tibue very obliquely truncate, the

inner spur above the apex; vertex sulcate. VII. NOTIOPIIILUS.

mi. Size medium, 8 or more mm.; front tibia> not obliquely truncate, spurs

terminal ; vertex not sulcate. VIII. NEBRIA.

VIII. NOTIOPHILUS Dura. 1806. (Gr., " spring + loving.")

Small oblong black or bronzed beetles, having the head hori-
zontal, triangular, striate, and as broad as or broader than the
thorax ; eyes prominent ; elytra with sides almost parallel, but
little broader than thorax. They occur beneath leaves along the
margins of open woods and cultivated fields, and in early spring
are frequent about the bases of trees and stumps and the sides of
logs. Eleven species are known from the United States, three of
which have been taken in Indiana. Our species belong to the group
having the front 5-striate.

The latest and best paper on the genus is that of :
Fall. II . C. "A Review of of the North American Species of
Notiophilus" hi Psyche. XIII, 1906, 79-92.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NOTIOPIIILUS.

ii. Legs and antenna 3 entirely pale reddish-brown; head much wider than
thorax, the sides of the latter deeply sinuate behind the middle.

41. CENSUS.

mi. Legs dark. :r with the tibite alone paler; antenme pale at base only.
h. Elytra each with one apical annulate puncture; second elytral in-
terspace equal to two intervals in width; size larger, form stouter.

42. SEMISTRIATfS.

lil). Elytra each with two apical annulate punctures; second elytral
interspace broader, equal to three intervals in width ; size smaller,
more slender. 43. NOVEMSTBIATUS.

41 (173). NOTIOPHILUS ^NEUS Hbst., Col., X, 180(3, 235.
Metallic bronze, sinning. Thorax coarsely punctured near

base and apex, disk smooth; hind angles acute, prominent. Punc-
tures of elytral strue deep at base, becoming indistinct behind
the middle; the second elytral interspace as in scinixtrintiis. Fig. 39.
Length 5 mm. (Fig. 39.)

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. May 18-June 18.

42 (177). NOTIOPHILUS SEMISTRIATUS Say, Trans. Amor. Phil. Soc.. II.

ls2:;. 81; ibid. II, 4t7.

Rather stout. Blackish or purplish-bronze, strongly shining; tibia 1
and four basal joints of antenna 1 usually pale. Terminal joint of palpi
diluted and truncate. Thorax coarsely punctate at sides, apex and base,
the disk smooth; sides strongly sinuate behind the middle. Elytral striae

52 FAMILY II. CAKABIIKE.

entire, the inner ones faintly impressed at apex, punctures tine. Length
5 nun.

Lake, Vigo, Putnam, Marion and Posey counties ; scarce. April
23-October 4. This, according' to Fall, is the form usually known
as sibiricus, it having been wrongly placed under that name by Le-
conte.

43 ( -). NOTIOPHILUS NOVEMSTRIATUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV,

1X48, 450.

Shorter, more slender. Metallic bronze, shining: tibia 1 and four basal
joints of autenruv pale. Thorax as in xcmixtriatHx. the sides less sinuate.
Elytral alutaceous at tip. the strise entire, regularly and distinctly punc-
tured. The second elytra! interspace is wider than in either of our other
species and. as a consequence, the lateral stria 1 are more crowded. Length
4 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent. March 6-October 9. Prob-
ably hibernates as imago. This is the semiatriatus of Leconte, nee.
Say,

VIII. XEBRIA Latr., 1802.

Species of medium size, having the antenna 3 slender, two-thirds
or more the length of body, joints cylindrical: maxilla 1 armed be-
neath with bristles; scutellar stria 3 of elytra always very distinct.
About 24 species are known from the United States. Of these but
one has been taken in Indiana, though two others may possibly oc-
cur. These three species are black and have the elytra truncate at
base, the humeri distinct, the third interval with four or five large
dorsal punctures. For literature see :

Horn. "Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of Xcbria of the
United States" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Ill, 1870, 97-104.

Horn. "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc,, I, 1871.
30.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NEBRIA.

a. Bides of elytra subparallel.

b. Sides of thorax oblique, not sinuate near base; legs black.

SUTUBAOS.

hh. Sides of thorax sinuate near base: legs brown or piceous, the tibia'

paler. SAHLBERGI.

ad. Sides of elytra rounded: legs pale yellow. 14. PALLIPES.

X. xtthn-filis Lee., 10-11.") mm., and X. sahlbcryi Fisch., 10 mm.
in length, belong to the boreal fauna and range from New Hamp-
shire westward. They are likely to be found with other members
of that fauna in the northern third of Indiana,

THE GROUND BEETLES. 53

44 (201). NEBRIA PAI.UPES Say, Trans. Amer. I'hil. ooc., II, 1X2::, is ; ibid.

II, 404.

Elongate-oval. Black, shilling; legs and antenna 1 pale yellow. Thorax
short, broad, much narrowed behind, margins rather wide, strongly re-
I'exed ; hind angles obtuse; disk smooth with a deep median impressed
line. Elytra deeply striate. the stri;e finely punctured on the sides; inter-
vals convex, the third with five larger punctures on the outer side. Length
10-12 mm.

Lawrence, Franklin and Vigo counties ; scarce. April 15-July
11. Occurs beneath stones and rubbish close to running- water.
Probably to be found sparingly throughout the State.

Tribe VI. SCARITIXI.

Species variable in size, having the antenna? rising from under
a frontal plate ; head with one or two bristle-bearing punctures
above the eyes ; mandibles without a similar puncture on the outer
side ; labrum short, emarginate or sinuate. Body pedunculate, scu-
tellum not visible. Elytra not, or rarely, slightly margined at
base ; prosternum not prolonged behind the coxa 11 ; front coxal cavi-
ties closed behind; hind coxa 1 touching; legs stout, more or less
adapted to digging. The tribe 1 is composed of six genera, all of
which are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO GENERA OF SCARITINI.

<i. Species of large or medium size, 15 or more mm. in length; basal joint
of antenna' long; mentum broad, concealing at the sides the base
of the maxilhe; one bristle-bearing puncture above the eye and one
at hind angles of thorax.

1>. Form broad, size large; hind angles of thorax distinct; elytra with

humeral carina. IX. PASIMACHUS.

l>b. Form narrow, size medium; hind angles of thorax wanting; elytra

without humeral carina. X. SCARITES.

an. Species of small size, less than 10 mm. in length; basal joint of an-

tenn;e short; base of maxilla- not covered by the mentum; two

bristle-bearing punctures above each eye and two at hind angles of

thorax.

r. Margin of elytra entire; mandibles flat and curved.
<L Front tarsi slender in both sexes.

c. Thorax globular or oval; terminal joint of male palpi dilate;!

and excavated beneath. XI. DYSCHIRITS.

cc. Thorax more or less quadrate; palpi similar in the sexes, not

dilated or excavate in male. XII. CLIVINA.

d(L Front tarsi dilated in both sexes.

f. Head not striate; mentum feebly emarginate.

XIII. .ISPJDOCLOSSA.

ff. Head with numerous lino stria- or longitudinal grooves; mentum
deeply emarginate. XIV. SCIII/OGENIUS.

54

FAMILY II. ( 'A RABID^E.

ec. Margin <if elytra interrupted behind the middle and with a fold

alung the suture
tarsi dilated.

mandibles slender, prolonged, not curved ; front

XV. ARDISTOMIS.

IX. PASIMACHUS Bon. 1813. (Gr., " all + fight.")
Large, broad species, having the color black, the thorax and
elytra usually bordered with blue ; thorax broad, with distinct hind
angles; elytra, rounded or subacute at apex; front tibiae palmate.
They occur beneath stones, logs and rubbish in open woods and
along the borders of cultivated fields, preferably in sandy places,
and feed upon larva? of various kinds, especially those of the army
worm. For this reason they are to be classed among the most bene-
ficial of the Carabida". Eleven species are known from the United
States, four of which have been taken in Indiana. The principal
papers treating of the genus are as follows :

LeConte. "Notes on the Species of Pasimachus" in Bull. Buf-
falo Soc. Nat. Sci., I, 1874, 266.

. "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc.. I, 1879,
15.

Fig. 40.
(After LeConte.)

Fig. 41.
(After LeConte.)

Fig. i'2.
(After LeConte.)

KEY" TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PASIMACHUS.

a. Elytra obtusely rounded at apex, feebly striate; spine of middle tibia-
compressed, obtuse at tip; hind angles of thorax obtuse, n it promi-
nent. 45. SUI;L.T-:VIS.
an. Elytra subacute at apex, not striate; spine of middle tibia? slender,
ac-ute; thorax more or less constricted at base, its hind angles promi-
nent.
1>. Hind tibia' of male not densely pubescent on inner side; form

broad : elytra smooth. 4G. ii

lil>. Hind tibiii' of male densely pubescent on inner side near the tip.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 55

c. Form elongate; humeral carina long, curved outward in fron! :

elytra sin-Kith ; length 23-26 mm. 47. ELONGATUS.

cc. Form broader; humeral carina short; elytra usually with pairs

of punctures ; length 28-30 mm. 48. PUNCTULATUS.

4.'. (210). PASIMACHUS SUBL^VIS Bon., Obs. Ent., 1813, 40.

Elongate-oblong. Black with blue margins. Thorax subquadrate,
front angles prominent, sides feebly curved, suddenly converging at basal
third. Elytra with sides parallel, convex; disk with faint rows of small
punctures. Length 21-2S mm. (Fig. 40.)

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken from beneath
a log on the sandy margin of the old canal north of Terre Haute,
Vigo County. May 16.

4i; (214). PASIMACHUS DEPRESSUS Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1792, 94.

Black, usually with blue margin. Labrum broadly and feebly trilobed;
mandibles feebly or not at all striate. Hind tarsi long and slender. Fe-
male dull, male shining. Length 24-30 mm. (Fig. 41.)

Common singly or in pairs beneath stones and logs on the slopes
of high hills near Wyandotte, Crawford County. May 17-June 26.

47 (217). PASIMACHUS ELONGATUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848,

147.

Black with blue margins. More elongate and less broad than the pre-
ceding; hind tibiae and tarsi less slender. Labrurn broadly trilobed, the
middle lobe the wider ; mandibles finely but distinctly striate. Length
23-26 mm.

Lake, Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce. May 16- August 26.

48 (218). PASIMACIIUS PUNCTULATUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I,

299.

Allied to P. depresses, but differing by the hind tibia? and tarsi being
less slender and less elongate, and by the hind tibia? of the male being
densely pubescent on inner side near tip. Elytra usually with rows of
punctures, approximate by pairs. Mandibles deeply and coarsely striate.
Length 28-30 mm. (Fig. 42.)

Throughout, the State; frequent. April 2-July 6.

X. SCARITES Fab. 1775. (NL., "a scratches ")

Narrow, oblong black beetles having the body very plainly pe-
dunculate ; hind angles of thorax wanting ; elytra parallel, rounded
behind and without humeral oarina?; front tibia 1 widened, flattened
and toothed on outer side.

Two species occur in our fauna, and are quite common about
gardens and borders of cultivated fields beneath logs, stones and
rubbish. They feed upon animal Food alone and are very ben-
eficial.

56 FAMILY II. CARABIDK.

4!) *(220). SCARITES SUBTERRANEUS Fab.. Syst. Ent., I, 1785, 124.

Black, shining. Head with two deeply indented parallel lines. Thorax
sufoquadrate. sides nearly straight, finely margined, apex truncate, base
angulate. Elytra distinctly striate. the stria' withont punctures. Lengtli
15-20 mm.

Throughout the State; common. January 1-July 20. Hiber-
nates as imago.

50 (220a). SCARITES SUBSTRIATUS Hald.. I'roc. I'hil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II.
1844. 54.

Differs from Kiilttcrriiiit'iix only in size. I have seen no intermediate
specimens, nor do I find record of any; hence I regard it as a distinct
form. Length 2.Vy<) mm.

Common throughout the State. April 1-July 7.

XI. DYSCHIRIUS Bon. 1813. (Gr., "bad + hand.")

Small black or bronzed, shining species, having a globular thorax
and flat bowed mandibles. They live in burrows in wet sandy
places, along streams and lakes and may be taken in the evening,
when they run freely about, or at any time by pouring water over
their burrows, which causes them to emerge. About 40 species are
known from the United States, eight of which have been taken in
Indiana, while two or three others perhaps occur. The principal
papers on this and the next three- genera are as follows:

Lfconte. "Synopsis of the Species Clivina and Allied Genera
Inhabiting the United States 17 in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
1857, 75-83.

Lccoittf "Synoptic Tables" hi Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., II, 1870,
17, 32, 34.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OK DYSC1IIRIUS.

(i. Dorsal punctures of elytra, when present, on third interval only.
1>. Third interval of elytra with three punctures.

<: Front withont a visible transverse impression; elytral stria* reach-
ing apex ; femora black. 51. NIGRIPES.
rr. Front with a deep transverse impression.

<J. Stria- extending to base of elytra, obliterated behind the middle.
e. Thorax transversely ovate; legs and antenn;e wholly reddish-
brown. 52. GLOBtT.Osrs.

ee. Thorax globular.

/'. Klytral stri;e deeper; tibi:e and base of antemue reddish-

Itrown. 5:;. LONGULVS.

//'. Elytral stria- feeble; legs and auteniue black.

TITE GROUND BEETLES. 57

(1<1. Stri:e not extending to base of elytra ; tip of elytra rufous.

//. Elytral stria 1 strongly punctate; thorax ovate, broader than

lOUg. 54. H.EMORRHOIDALIS.

gg. Elytral stria? feebly punctate; thorax quadrate-globose.

55. TERMINATES.

1>I>. Third interval of elytra with two punctures or none at all.

//. Apical spur of front tibue very short; elytral stria* coarsely punc-
tured, absent on apicai third; thorax longer than wide.

BREVISPINUS.
/(//. Apical spur of front tibi:e long.

/. Elytral strife deep, entire; clypeus Insinuate and with three
teeth. 56. SPH^ERICOLLIS.

//. Elytral stri;e partly abbreviated at base; clypeus truncate.
./. Thorax ovate, broader than long. TRUNCATUS.

jj. Thorax oval, not wider than long. 57. ERYTHROCERUS.

ad. Elytra with third, fifth and seventh intervals each furnfshed with sin-
gle rows of set a*-bea ring punctures; thorax globose; elytral stri:e
coarsely punctured. 58. HISPIDUS.

51 (2:25). DVSCHIRIUS NIGRIPES Lee.. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc.. X. IS.",::. 3!>r..

Elongate, slender. P.lack. strongly shining; antenna* piceous, the
basal joint, tibia 1 and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Clypeus bidentate. Thorax
globose with a very tine, median impressed line. Elytral stria' fine, dis-
tinctly punctured only on basal half. Length 3-3.2 nun.

Lake County ; rare. May 5. A member of the boreal fauna.

52 (232). DYSCHIRIUS GLOBULOSUS Say, Trans. Ainer.

Phil. Soc.. II. 1823, 23; ibid. II. 452.

Black or dark reddish-brown, strongly shining; legs
and antemue rufous. Thorax ovate, broader than long.
disk with a median impressed line. Elytral stri;e ex-
tending to base, distinct, coarsely punctate; wholly ab-
sent on apical third. Length 2.7-3 mm. (Fig. 43.)

Throughout the State, frequent; much more so
northward. March 5- August 24. Often taken
from beneath the loose bark of loy's in low ground

Fig. 43. (Original.)

woods. x is.

53 (231). DYSCHIRIUS LONGULUS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850. 204.

Allied to the preceding but a little smaller and having the antenna-
fuscous at apex. Thorax subglolmse (the length equal to the breadth) and
not narrowed in front. Elytra more elongate, with deeper stria*, the punc-
tures of which are absent on apical half. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. March 17-October 1.

D. ft'ueolus Lee., black, shining, and 3.8 mm. in length, is also a
member of the boreal fauna and very likely occurs in the northern
third of the State.

58 FAMILY II. OAEABID/E.

54 (233). DYSCIIIRU s II/KMOURIIOIDALIS Dej., Spec. V, 1S30, 511.

Blackish-bronzed, strongly shining; antenna. 1 , legs and tips of elytra
pale reddish-brown. Thorax ovate, transverse. Elytral stria? coarsely and
deeply punctate, abbreviated at base and obsolete on apical third. Length
2.8-3.3 inm.

Starke, Lawrence and Fayette counties; frequent. May 11-
August 23.

55 (234). DYSCHIRIUS TERMINATUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, IV, 1848,

212.

Elongate, slender. Black, slightly bronzed, strongly shining; antenna?,
legs, abdomen and apical third of elytra obscure reddish. Thorax as broad
as long, strongly convex, without a longitudinal impressed line. Elytral
strife indistinct at base and wholly wanting on apical third, their punctures
indistinct ; the dorsal punctures of third interval located one on basal
third, one near the middle and one slightly behind the middle. Length
3.2 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath rubbish
in cornfield near river bank.

D. brevispinus Lee., black, shining, 3.4 mm. in length, occurs in
Michigan and Ohio and doubtless in Indiana.

56 (237). DYSCHIRIUS SPH.ERICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 23; ibid. II, 452.

Black-bronzed ; antenna? and legs dark red. Thorax ovate, not broader
than long; disk with a median impressed line. Elytra deeply striate, the
stria? entire, punctures indistinct on apical half. Length 5.5 mm.

Fayette and Posey counties ; rare ; also two in Webster collec-
tion. July 4-August 23. Our largest species.

D. truncatus Lee., blackish-bronzed, 5.5 mm. in length, occurs in
Illinois and Missouri and probably in western Indiana.

57 (240). DYSCHIRIUS ERYTH ROOKRUS Lee., Proe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

1857, 78.

Elongate. Blackish-bronzed, shining; legs and antenna? reddish-brown.
Front of head with a transverse impression between the eyes. Thorax
subovate, slightly longer than broad, with a fine, median impressed line.
Elytral stria? slightly abbreviated at base and absent on apical third,
coarsely punctured ; dorsal punctures of third interval located one in front
of middle, the other, very fine, on apical third. Length 4-5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. July 4.

58 (254). DYSCHIRIUS HISPIDUS Lee., New Spec. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863. 4.

Blackish-bronzed, strongly shining; antenna? yellowish; legs reddish-
brown. Thorax globose, as broad as long. Clypeus emarginate, two-
Elytral stria 1 impressed and coarsely punctate except on apical

THE GROUND BEETLES. f>!)

third; the punctures of the third, fourth mul seventh intervals line but
distinct, each bearing a long hair readily visible under a lens when viewed
from the side. Length 3 mm.

Posey and Clark counties; rare. April 18-May 6. Taken from
beneath boards on the banks of the Wabash and Ohio rivers.

XII. CLIVINA Lat. 1802. (A proper name.)

Small black or reddish brown species closely allied to Dyschirius
but having the thorax more or less quadrate, the sides either strong-
ly oblique or rounded near base ; the disk with a median impressed
line. Palpi similar in both sexes, not dilated nor excavated in the
male. They occur in damp places, along streams and lakes, and
may be captured by throwing water on their burrows and then
picking them up as they emerge. Some of the species, as probably
some of the Dyschirius, hibernate in the perfect stage. Twenty-
two species are known from the United States. Of these seven
have been taken in Indiana, while three others perhaps occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLIVINA.

a. Middle tibise with a spur near the outer tip ; clypeus with a lobe each

side ; dorsal punctures of elytra three or more.

b. Front femora dentate near the tip : color black. 59. DENTIPES.

&&. Front femora thickened, not dentate ; color reddish-brown or piceous.
c. Vertex sulcate.

d. Vertical groove deep and long; head sparsely punctate behind
the eyes; larger, 0-6.5 mm. 60. IJIPRESSIFROXS.

eld. Vertical groove shorter, more shallow ; head and thorax punc-
tured; smaller, 5-5.5 mm. Gl. PUNCTIGERA.
cc. Vertex not sulcate ; head and thorax smooth ; basal angle of
thorax dentate. 62. m itn T.XHA
aa. Middle tibire without a spur on the outside of tip.

e. Clypeus with a lobe each side ; front of head with a pit ; front
femora beneath deeply sinuate near the tip; dorsal punctures
three or more.
f. Color in part or wholly brownish-red.

</. Elytra entirely light brownish-red. 63. RUFA.

gg. Elytra brownish-red with a broad black suture. COLLARIS.

ff. Color black ; legs dark reddish-brown, antennae paler.

64. AMERICANA.

ee. Clypeus rounded at sides; front femora thickened, not sinuate be-
neath ; dorsal punctures two or none.

h. Vertex sulcate ; thorax elongate ; color reddish-brown. FERREA.
lih. Vertex not or faintly sulcate; thorax subquadrate; black, elytra

with reddish spots.

I. Thorax nearly smooth. 65. BIPUSTULATA.

ii. Thorax punctate. POSTICA.

60

FAMILY II. CAKAI'.rD/E.

59 (258). CLIVINA DEXTIPES Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 415.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining; legs piceous; antennse and
tarsi reddish-brown. Elytra! stria? distinct, finely punctured.
Length 7.5-8.5 mm. (Fig. 44.)

Throughout the State: frequent. April G-Octo-
ber 9.

Fig. 44.
(After Len ) 60 (259). CLIVINA IMPRESSIFRONS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.

Sci., II, 1844, 50.

Readily known by its uniform reddish-brown hue and the deep groove
of vertex. Elytral strhe distinct, finely punctured. Length <M.. r > mm.
(Fig. 45.)

Frequent throughout the State, beneath stones
along the sandy margins of streams and lakes, and in
low, damp cultivated fields. April 1-August 30. Said
to do much damage to sprouting corn grains.

61 (203). CLIVINA PUNCTIGERA Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 1857, 81.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark reddish-brown; elytra /'
piceous, the antennse and legs a little paler. Vertical groove ^

evident but shallow, with numerous fine punctures near its front
end and coarser ones on sides. Thorax finely and sparsely punctured. Elytral
strise deep, the punctures fine; the third stria with four dorsal punctures.
Length 5-5.5 mm.

Dubois County; rare. May 11. Resembles imprcssifrons but
smaller, with shorter and more shallow vertical groove and with
the outer front angles of the clypeus less advanced. A southern
form described from South Carolina.

C.2 *(2(i4). CLIVINA RUBICUNDA Lee., Proc. I'liil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1S.~>7, Si.
Elongate, slender. Head, thorax, antenna- and legs reddish-brown;
elytra darker. Head smooth, vertex t'oveate. Thorax with one or two
dull teeth on each basal angle. Length 4.S-. r >.2 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. February 10-May 7. Oc-
curs beneath logs and chunks some distance from water. Hiber-
nates as imago. A handsome little species, also of southern range.

03 (2>0). CLIVINA RITA Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1S.77, si.

Uniform light brownish-red. Elytral stria' entire, finely punctate.
Length f> mm.

Floyd County; scarce. September 29-October 9.

('. coUttrix llerbst, an introduced European species, 5.2 mm. in
length, has been taken near Cincinnati and probably occurs in
southern Indiana.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 61

(54 (I'd!)). CLIVINA AMERICANA Dej.. Spec., V, 1S30, 503.

Elongate, slender. Black; legs and very narrow outer margin of
thorax and elytra dirk reddish-brown; antennse paler. Elytral stria 1 en-
tire, finely puuctulate. Length 5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 1-July 23.

C. fcrrca Lee., 5.2 mm. in length, has been taken in Illinois and
perhaps occurs in western Indiana.
;5 (275). CLIVINA BIPUSTULATA Fab.. Syst. El.. I. 1S01. 125.

Black, usually with two large, obscure red spots at base of elytra
and two near the apex; legs and aiitennie reddish-brown. Elytral stria 3
deeply punctate. Length (5-7.5 mm.

Frequent in the southern half of the State ; taken in the north
only in Lake County. April 4- July 1.

C. poxtu-u Lee., a southern species, 5.2 mm. in length and hav-
ing the front tibia 1 armed with two teeth, has been taken near Cin-
cinnati and probably occurs in the southern third of Indiana.

XIII. ASPJDOGLOSSA Put/. 1846. (Gr., "a shield + tongue.")

Represented in the United States by a single, small, black spe-
cies having the mentum feebly emaririnate ; thorax subglobose;
head without fine grooves; front tarsi dilated in both sexes.

(!<; (2SO). ASPIDOCI.OSSA .sruANGTiATA Cliaud.. Bull. Muse..

IV. 1S43, 73S.

Black, strongly shining; antenna 1 and legs reddish-brown-;
elytra with a reddish spot on apical fourth. Thorax short,
subglubosc. apex truncate: disk smooth without median line.
Elytra deeply striate, the stria? coarsely punctate; second _
interval with seven or eight, the fourth with five or six. /
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 4<i. )

Southern third of State ; frequent. April 8-Sep-
tember 19. Occurs beneath the bark of logs in low, Fig. 46.
moist woods ; also beneath stones and rubbish near
water. Resembles closely Clivina bipustulata and doubtless con-
fused with that species in many collections. Readily distinguished
by the shorter, more globose thorax and the numerous dorsal punc-
tures of second and fourth intervals. A member of the Austrori-
parian fauna.

XIV. SCHIZOGENIUS Putz. 1846. (Gr., "cleft + chin.")

Small blackish or reddish brown beetles allied to riivina, but
having the mentum deeply emarginate; head with numerous fine,

62 F.urnvr TI. C

lengthwise grooves ; thorax subquadrate, apex truncate, sides
straight to near base, then strongly oblique or rounded; disk
smooth, with an entire median and two shorter impressed lines;
front tarsi more or less dilated in both sexes. Like the members of
the three preceding genera, they live mostly in damp sandy places.
Three of the eight species known from the United States have been
taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCHIZOGENIUS.

w. Colur blackish: elytra somewhat depressed, strife deep, finely and close-
ly punctate. 67. LINEOIATUS.

nn. Color reddish-brown.

It. Elvira cylindrical, strife indistinctly punctured. 08. FERRUGINEUS.

Wt. Elytra strongly depressed; hind angles of thorax prominent before

the base. 69. AMPHIBIUS.

07 (2S3). SCHIZOGENIUS LINEOLATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

L'l'; ibid. II, 451.

Uniform blackish or piceous above; dark reddish-brown beneath; an-
tenna- and legs somewhat paler. Length 3.5^ mm.

Vigo and Franklin counties; rare. April 1-June 11.

08 (285). SCHIZOGENIUS FERRUGINEUS I'utz., Mon., 1846. 653.

Color uniform pale reddish-brown ; elytral strife deep, punctures feeble.
Length 3 mm.

Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers, and Pine. Lake County;
frequent locally. April 29-July 23.

09 (286). SCHIZOGEXIUS AMPHIBIUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci.. I.

1842, 299.

Dark reddish-brown ; elytra darker than the other parts. Hind angles
of thorax represented by a distinct tooth or cusp before the base. Length
3-3.5 mm.

Fountain, Clay and Owen counties ; rare. June 15-August 13.
Known from New York and Missouri.

XV. ARDISTOMIS Putz. 1846. (Gr., " high + mouth.")

Small black or greenish shining beetles having the thorax round-
V-<1. considerably narrower than elytra: mandibles slender, pro-
longed, not curved. They occur in low moist woods, beneath bark.
stones and ruhhisli. Five are known from Ihe United States, two
of which have leen taken in Indiana,

Till- (iHOlND I'.KETLES. 63

70 (292). ARDISTOMIS VIRIDIS Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. SIM-.,

II, 1823, 21; ibid. II, 451.

Greenish-black, shining: mandibles, anteume and legs red-
dish-brown. Thorax with a median impressed line, smooth
except along the margins. Elytra not striate, each with three
or four rows of rather fine, scarcely impressed punctures, each
puncture bearing a short, erect hair, the hairs plainly visible (Af j^' Le ' ng >
only from the side. Length 5 mm. (Fig. 47. >

Lake. Lawrence and Posey counties; scarce. May 16-August
15.

71 (293). ARDISTOMIS PUNCTICOLLIS Putz., Mon. 184G, 12'.).

Resembles mridis, but mure slender and with the disk of thorax sparse-
ly and coarsely punctured, each puncture bearing a bristle-like hair. Punc-
tures of elytra coarser and more numerous. Length 5 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent. Hibernates as imago. Feb-
ruary 23-June 23.

Subfamily II. HARPALINAE.

The members of this subfamily have the epimera of the meso-
sternum variable in width lint not reaching the coxa, the middle
coxal cavities therefore enclosed on the outer side by the junction
of the meso- and metasterna ; head marked with one or two bristle-
bearing punctures over each eye ; thorax with a similar puncture
at the side and another at the hind angle, very rarely without the
latter and still more raivly without cither; front tibia? always
either obliquely sinuate or deeply emarginate within, the inner spur
remote from apex.

For convenience the subfamily was divided by Horn into two
great groups or sections as follows :

KEY TO SECTIONS OF HARl'AI.lA.K.

(i. Head with two punctures above the eye, each bearing a single bristly
hair. Section I. HARPALJN.E BISETOS.E, p. 64.

(ni. Head with but one bristle-bearing puncture above the eye.

Section II. HAEPAI.IN.E I.TNISETOSJE, p. 15G.

When two' punctures occur, the front one is close to the margin
of the eye in front, and (lie hind one a little remote from the eye,
opposite its hind margin. Where there is but one bristle-bearing
puncture it is a little removed from the margin of the eye, and is
situated opposite the middle of the eye or a little behind that point,

[523402]

64 I'AMILV II. (/A

The internal elytral fold mentioned in the key can only be seen
by lifting one of the elytra. Its purpose is to afford a means of
support to the edge of the abdomen, and at the point of origin of
the fold behind, the last ventral segment is held firmly when the
insect is in repose.

Section I. HARPALiy.V Zf/tfflTON.7-,'.

This section is divi<!< <1 by Horn into 2 -I tribes, of which 12 are
known to be represented in Indiana, while members of two others
probably occur.

KEY TO INDIAXA TRICES OF HARPAUX.E BISETOS.K.

(i. Mandibles with ;i bristle-bearing puncture in the groove (scrobe) on

the outer side.
/*. Antenna- slender, with at must twi> basal joints glabrous; abduininal

segments entirely conic; <ns or hi.rn-like.

c. Last joint of palpi awl-shaped: mesnsternal epimera wide; length
less than S mm. Tribe IV. BEMBIDIINI, p. 67.

re. Last joint of palpi slender, elc.ngale or subcylindrical : mesoster-
nal epimera narrow. Tribe V. POOOXIXI, p. 80.

lib. Antenna- monilifcrm or bead-like, d ur basal joints glabrous; ab-
dominal segments :\. 4 and 5 narrowly coriaceous or leather-like
on their hind margins. Tribe II. NOMIIXI, p. lit;.

(ia. Mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the scrobe.

<1. Margin of elytra interrupted at posterior third and with a distinct

internal fold.

e. Four basal joints of antenna? glabrous; body slightly pedunculate:
antenn.-e moniliform ; front tibi;e dilated; length 12-ir, mm.

Tribe III. MORIOXIXI. p. <;<;.
<'. Three (or fewer) basal joints of antenna 1 glabrous.

f. Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a semi-globu-
lar neck; last joint of maxillary palpi arising obliquely from
the preceding joint. Tribe I. PANAG.EIXI, p. >.">.

//. Head not constricted behind the eyes: last joint of maxillary
palpi arising normally from the end of the preceding joint.

Tribe VI. PTEROSTICHINI. p. ss.
ilil. Margin of elytra not interrupted posteriorly and without an internal

fold.
{/. Front of head short; labrum impressed.

Tribe VII. LICIMM. p. 11
////. Front of head normal.

//. Next to last joinl of labial palpi \vith but two bristly hairs.

/. Head elongate, prolonged behind the eyes: neck constricted

and dilated behind into a semiglohular knob.
j. Elytra entire. Tribe X. < 'i r-:\onA( TYLINI, p. l.'JT.

/'/. Rlyti'a truncate: three basal joints <>! aiiteinre glabrous.

Tribe XI, OUACANTHINI, p. .i:;s.

THE GROUND BEETLES, (55

//. Head not prolonged behind the eyes; neck not semi-globose.
/,-. Elytra rounded at tip: tarsal claws simple.

Tribe IX. ANCHONODEIUNI, p. 137.
/./,-. Elytra not rounded at tip.

7. Elytra obliquely sinuate at apex.

Tribe VIII. PLATYNTNI. p. 119.
//. Elytra truncate at tip.
m. Front tibia? slender ; paraglo&sie membranous.

Tribe XIII. LEBIINI, p. 141.

mm. Front tibhe rather stout, gradually broader to tip; para-
glossjc horn-like. Tribe XIV. HELLUONINI, p. 155.
/;/(. Next to last joint of labial palpi with a number of bristly hairs
in front and always longer than the terminal joint; eyes nor-
mal ; first antennal joint elongate.

Tribe XII. DRYPTINI. p. 139.

Tribe I. PANAGJEINI.

Head constricted behind the eyes, then dilated to a semiglobular
neck; mentum emarginate ; labruin with only four setae; anten-
nas rising from under a distinct frontal ridge, three basal joints
glabrous. Body not pedunculate, scntellum distinct. Elytra not
margined at base, their sides narrowly inflexed. Hind coxae con-
tiguous. Males with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated
and hairy beneath.

The tribe is represented in Indiana by the single genus :

XVI. PANAG^US Latr. 1802. (Gr., "all-holy.")

Medium sized black or reddish-brown beetles having the clyp-
eus prolonged beyond the base of the scissors-like mandibles; up-
per surface coarsely punctured, and clothed with erect hairs;
thorax semi-globose, strongly constricted near base, its hind angles
rectangular. They occur beneath stones and logs, usually in sandy
localities. Three species .-ire known from the United States, two of
which occur in Indiana.

72 (295). PANAC.KIS ciu'cidKius Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II, 1S23,

G9; ibid. II, 4X'..

Head and thorax black ; elytra each with two large red spots extend-
ing from the margin to the first or second stria?. Thorax with numerous
coarse, deep punctures, its hind angles small, acute; elytral stria? and punc-
tures deep. Length 11 mm.

Two in Stein collection labeled "Ind."; probably from Posey
.County. One in Dury collection from Laporte County, Indiana.
Taken also by Durv near Cincinnati.

GG FAMILY II. CAI7ABIDJE.

*7.. il'lHi). PANAG^EUS FASCIATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.
Soc., II. 1X1>3, 70; ibid. II. 490.

llc,-id ;in<I tlinrax" reddish-brown; elytra reddish-browu
with a black cross-band behind the middle and another at
tips; legs and abdomen piceons. Thorax and elytra punc-
tured as in the preceding. Length 7.5-S.5 inm. (Fig. 4S.)

Throughout the State; scarce. January 14- Octo-
ber 10. Sometimes found crawling- along woodland
paths; hibernates as imago.

Tribe II. NOMIINI.

Antenrue arising from beneath a distinct frontal ridge, the
third joint nearly as long as the two following. Head stout, oval,
neck broad ; labrum short, broadly emarginate ; mandibles curved,
with a feeble tooth on inner edge at middle and a bristle-bearing
puncture in the outer groove. Body pedunculate, scutellum in-
visible. Elytra slightly margined at base. Hind coxa? contiguous ;
tarsi not dilated.

The tribe is represented in southern Europe and the United
States by a single species, Nomius pygniceus Dej., an elongate-ob-
long, chestnut brown or piceous beetle, 7 mm. in length, having the
apex of thorax nearly twice the width of base and the elytra feebly
striate-punetate. "While its range is given as "New Jersey, Canada
and Lake Superior, southward and westward to California," no
verified specimen has been seen from Indiana, though one was in
the Stein collection without locality label. It is said to occur under
stones in moist places and to exude a very ill-smelling liquid when
disturbed.

Tribe III. MORIONINI.

Head suddenly narrowed behind the eyes, neck stout; mentum
deeply emarginate. last joint of! palpi cylindrical. Elytra feebly
margined at base, the disk with a single dorsal puncture on the
apical third of third interval. Hind coxa? contiguous; front tibiae
triangular, not spinose at the outer apical angle: first three joints
of front tarsi slightly dilated in the male.

The tribe is represented in the Southern States by a single spe-
cies, Morio niuiiilirnriiix Lair., elongate, shining black, 12-16 mm.
in length, the thorax witli deep basal impressions. It lives beneath
bark, lias been taken by Dury near Cincinnati, and very probably
occurs in the southern third of Indiana.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 67

Tribe IV. BEMBIDIIN1.

Beetles of small size, black, reddish-brown or bronzed in hue,
having the antennae slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal
margin, the first or the first two joints glabrous; mandibles feebly
curved, acute at tip ; last joint of palpi awl-shaped, the next to last
club-shaped and with two set;*?. Thorax with a bristle-bearing
puncture at the side and another at hind angle; prosternum not
prolonged. Elytra with sides narrowly inflexed, margin inter-
rupted behind the middle, the disk with dorsal punctures ; surface
in our genera glabrous.

The tribe is represented in the United States by four genera,
three of which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BEMBIDIINI.

(i. Front tibise not obliquely truncate at apex; sutural striae of elytra not

recurved at apex ; scutellar striae present.

1). Eyes large or moderate. XVII. BEMBIDIUM.

66. Eyes entirely wanting. XVIII. ANILLUS.

(id. Front tibiie obliquely truncate at apex ; sutural striae recurved at apex ;

scutellar striae absent. XIX. TACHYS.

XVII. BEMBIDIUM Latr. 1832. (Gr., "a buzzing insect + little. ")

A large genus of small black, greenish, or bronzed beetles, hav-
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Elytra glabrous,
striate; front tibiae.- deeply emarginate, apical angle not obliquely
truncate; hind COXEO touching. Males with the first two joints of
front tarsi dilated, the first joint being slightly elongate and nearly
quadrate, the second more or less triangular, with the inner angle
usually slightly prolonged.

The Bembidids occur for the most part along the banks of
streams, ponds and lakes, especially on mud flats and bars. A few
are found in moss and amongst old leaves about the trunks of
trees and stumps or beneath the bark of logs. Several, perhaps
most, of the species hibernate as imagoes.

The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows :

Leconte. "Catalogue of the Species of Bembidium found in

the United States" in Proc. Phil, Acad. Nat. Sci., 1857 ; 2.
Hay ward, Roland.- "On the Species of Bembidium of America

North of Mexico" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXIV, 1897.

32-143.
Hayward, Roland. "Synonymical Notes on Bembidium and

Descriptions of New Species" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,

XXVII, 1901, 156-158.

68 FAMILY TT. PABABTTVE.

About l->() species oi! Bembidium are known from the United
States. Of these 1'7 have been taken in Indiana, while eleven others
perhaps occur. On account of this large number of species the
genus has, for convenience, been divided into three groups based
Upon the position of the dorsal punctures and the form of the hu-
meri of the elytra. The dorsal punctures are located either upon
the third interval or the third stria. In two of the species, how-
ever, viz., Icevigatum and semistriatum, there are irregular rows of
small punctures upon all of the intervals. These are placed in
their proper sequence in the group having the "dorsal punctures on
third interval." The form of the humeri, whether rounded into
the sides of the elytra or subangulate with the latter, is also used
as a character of importance. The tables which follow have been
adapted from those given by Hayward, loc. cit., to fit the species
occurring in the State.

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BEMBIDIUM.

. Elytra with two or more dorsal punctures on the third interval.

&. Humeri of elytra subangnlate; eighth stria distinct from the margin.

Group A.

W). Humeri of elytra rounded. Group C.

aa. Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third stria. Group B.

GROUP A.

In this group the first puncture usually occurs on the third in-
terval just in front of or just behind the middle, the second one-
third to one-fourth from apex. The humeri are more or less an-
gulate where they meet the sides of the elytra. It includes the In-
diana species of Groups I to IV of Hayward.

KKV TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.

*/. Elytral stria- more or less abbreviated <>r indistinct behind the middle;

mentum with a short, bifid tooth.

1>. Elytral intervals with irregular rows of sparsely placed, setee-bearing

punctures; color green or bronzed. 74. L^EVIGATUM.

lili. Elytra with two dorsal punctures on the third interval; color black,

very shining. 75. NITIDUM.

an. Elytral strise entire; mentum with a large entire tooth.

c. Elytra with two quadrate impressions on the third interval, each en-
closing a dorsal puncture.
<l. Elytra with the fourth stria sinuate.

e. Slender, elongate, convex ; thorax as long as wide, not wider at

base than apex. 76. IN^EQUALE.

cc. l.roader, less convex: thorax distinctly wider than long, slightly

wider at base than apex. LITTORALE.

Til 10 (iKOHNI) liHKTLKS. (i!)

<hl. Elytra with the fourth stria straight.

/. Broad, slightly depressed; thorax nearly twice as wide as long,

not wider at base than apex. 77. CARINULA.

ff. Robust; thorax about one-half wider than long, wider at base

than apex. 78. PUNCTATOSTRIATUM.

(<. Elytra without quadrate impressions; two dorsal punctures on the

third interval.

(j. Thorax wider at base than apex, nearly twice as wide as long;
color bronzed, shining. KOBUSTICOLLE.

!/</. Thorax not wider at base than apex.

li. Feebly convex; elytral stria 1 deeply punctate, the punctures not

greenish ; legs bronzed piceous. 70. COXENDIX.

////. More robust; elytra less deeply striate, punctures greenish: legs

pale brownish-yellow. 80. CONFUSUM.

74 (4LM). I'.KMinnirM L.-EVIGATUM Say, Trans. Amer. L'hil. Soc., II, 1823,

84; ibid. II. 4!>!>, 550.

Robust, convex, (ireen or bronzed, shining; antenna 1 fuscous, the basal
.joints and legs dull yellow, the femora darker; under surface nearly black.
Thorax subquadrate, more than one-half wider than long, sides broadly
curved from apex to behind middle, thence sinuate to b ise. margins re-
flexed; hind angles rectangular and cariuate; disk smooth, the basal im-
pressions broad and deep. Elytra less than one-half wider than thorax,
the strife coarsely punctured but not impressed. Length 5.5 7 mm.

Southern half of the State ; frequent in sandy localities. April
15-July 28.

75 (313). BEMBIDIUM NITIDUM Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 55.

Robust, slightly convex. Black or blackish-bronzed, strongly shining.
Tin. rax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, distinctly wider at
base than apex; basal impressions broad, bistriate; hind angles rectan-
gular, finely carinate. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate-
punctate; the first, and sometimes the second stria 1 entire, the others ab-
! reviated behind; intervals fiat. Length 5-0.5 mm.

Taken in small numbers by "Wolcott near Indiana Harbor, Lake
County. April 23-May 13. A member of the boreal fauna.

70 (308). BKMBIDITM IX.EQTALE Say, Jonrn. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Sri., III. 1S^:!. 151; ibid. II. !)7. .'.I'.).

Bronzed, shining; antenna? piceous, the basal joint pale
red; legs blackish-green, femora at bast 1 and tibi:e more or
less dull yellow. Thorax with sides curved from apex 1 >
behind middle, sinuate in fr< nt of hind angles, which are
subacute, not carinate; disk finely alutaceuus, median line
dee]), basal impressions small, deep. Elytra more than one-
half wider than thorax, alutacemis. deeply striate. the stria-
punctured; intervals convex, the third to sixth mure or
less sinuate or irregular. Length 4.7 5.5 nun. (Fig. 4!>. ) Fis. 49. (Original.)

Southern half of State : frequent. April 12-Oct. 17.
B. lifforulc- Oliv., coppery or ^reenish bronze in hue and 5-6.5

70 FAMILY ii. C

mm. in length, occurs in Canada and Michigan and probably in
northern Indiana.

77 (305). BEMBIDU-M CARINULA Chaud., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XX, 1808, 239.

Broad, slightly depressed. Coppery bronze to black ; antennae and
femora bronzed-piceous, the tibine and tarsi often paler. Thorax with the
sides curved in front, deeply sinuate behind; hind angles subacute, cari-
nate; disk alutaceous, finely wrinkled near base and along the median
line ; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate. Elytra one-half witter than
thorax, alntaceous, finely striate, the striae finely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm.

A handsome bronzed form, common along the beach of Lake
Michigan and the larger lakes of northern Indiana ; also in Craw-
ford County, May 13-October 21.

78 (304). BEMBIDIUM PUNCTATOSTRIATUM Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 83; ibid. II, 498, 550.

Robust, moderately convex. Bronzed, more or less coppery ; antennae
and legs bronzed-piceous, the femora at base and the tibiae beneath often
reddish-yellow. Thorax with sides slightly curved in front, sinuate behind :
hind angles prominent, acute, not carinate ; disk slightly rugose at base
and along the median line, the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytra I
striae deep and very distinctly punctate. Length 6.2-7.5 mm.

Crawford County; rare. May 17. The largest species of the
group.

B. robusticolle Hayw., 5.7-6.2 mm. in length, is known from
Michigan, Iowa and Kansas, and doubtless occurs in northern In-
diana.

79 (311). BEMBIDIUM COXENDIX Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. Ill,

1823. 151 ; ibid. II, 97.

Slightly elongate, rather slender. Greenish-bronze or bluish-black,
shining; antennae, femora and tarsi bronzed-piceous; tibiae, base of femora
and two basal joints of antenna reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider
than long, sides moderately curved in front, sinuate behind : hind angles
slightly prominent, subacute, very finely carinate; disk minutely alu-
taceous, the basal impressions broad and deep. Elytra one-third wider
than thorax, deeply striate-punctate. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 19-September 7. Occurs
along moist sand bars of streams. One of the most handsome mem-
bers of the genus.

80 (311a). BEMBIUIUM CONFUSUM Hayw., Trans. Auier. Ent. Soc., XXIV,

1897, 52.

Moderately robust, convex. Bronzed, usually coppery, shining; disk
of elytra dull brownish-yellow; legs and basal third of antennae pale yel-
low. Thorax less than one hall wider than long, sides curved nearly to
base,; hind angles not prominent, subrectangular, feebly carinate; disk

THE GROUND BEETLK*. 71

anitac-eons, finely rugose at base, tlie basal impressions broad, deep, bistri-
ate. Elytra about one-half wider than thorax, (he intervals less ronvex
than in coxcndix. Length 4.5-6.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent ; more so in the northern coun-
ties. May 1-September 4. Listed as B. nitidulum Dej., which
name was preoccupied. Resembles coxendix, but easily separated
by the pale legs and green punctures of elytra.

GKOUP B.

In this group the dorsal punctures are on the third stria instead
of the interval and the humeri are either rounded or subangulate.
It includes the Indiana species of Groups V to X of Hayward.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.

it. Eighth stria of the elytra moderately near but distinct from the margin;
It. Humeri of elytra subaugnlate ; elytral striae entire.

c. Elytra with the dorsal punctures large, round impressions; elytra
finely siriate, shining. 81. AMERICANUM.

<-c. Elytra with the dorsal punctures normal.

<l. Form broad, dilated, depressed; hind angles of thorax obtuse;

size larger, 0.5-7..! mm. DILATATUM.

<l<l. Form more or less convex and more slender; hind angles of

thorax subrectangular ; size smaller, 5.5-6.5 mm.
c. Feebly convex ; thorax scarcely narrower at base than apex ;
elytral stria? moderately impressed. 82. HONESTUM.

ee. More convex ; thorax more narrowed behind ; elytral striae
more deeply impressed, almost creuulately punctate.

83. CHALCEUM.

l>1>. Humeri of elytra rounded; robust, very convex; elytral striae di-
lated, the tirst and second entire, the others abbreviated behind;
blackish-bronzed, the elytra often tinged with green. 84. NIGEUM.
mi. Eighth stria of elytra indistinct from margin; humeri rounded.

f. Thorax trapezoidal, scarcely convex, the basal fovea with either one
stria or with two and the outer one very feeble; legs rufous or
dull yellow, the femora rarely darker.

ff. Basal impressions of thorax with the outer stria small but dis-
tinct ; size smaller, 4.8-6.2 mm.

//. Elytra with five inner stria? only entire; thorax one-half wider

than long. 85. GUEXI.

lilt. Elytra with six inner stria? entire; thorax more than one-half

wider than long ; the elytra less wide as compared with the

thorax ; color nearly black, tinged with bronze. FUGAX.

(jg. Basal impressions of the thorax with the outer stria obsolete :

elytra with six inner stria? entire, their color variable, usually

dull yellow with darker transverse bands; size larger, 6-8.5 mm.

TRANSVERSALE.

Tl' FAMILY IT. OARABlD/E.

/'/. Thorax cordate, convex, thi 1 basal fovea with two stria-.

/. Elytra greenish-black, cadi with a well defined basal and another

subapical .spot pale; legs dull reddish-yellow; thorax distinctly

narrower at base than apex. USTULATUM.

//. Elytra either without spots or with a single pale snbmarginal one

near apex.

./. Head small, narrower than thorax at apex; elytra with all the
strire entire, dilated on the disk and much finer at sides and
tip; brownish-bronzed with a large oblique, submarginal. pale
spot one-third from apex. POSTREMUM.

././'. Head as wide as the thorax at apex; elytra with only the first
and second stria- entire, the others abbreviated on apical hall'.

SCi. PICIPES.

si (317). BEMBIDIUM AMKRICAMM Pej.. Spec., V, 1831, S4.

Rather broad, snbdepressed. rniforni blackish-bronzed, more or less
shining. Antenna 1 one-halt the length of body, piceons. the first and second
joints and the tibiae dark reddish-brown. Thorax more than one-half wider
than long; apex nearly truncate, slightly broader than base; hind angles
subreel angular ; disk finely rugose at base, median line distinct, basal im-
pressions shallow. Elytra tinely alntaceous, about one-halt' wider than
thorax, finely striate, the stria? distinctly punctate to behind the middle.
Length 5-6 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 7-September 17.

B. clilatdtum Lee., having the sides of thorax strongly curved in
front and the legs dark reddish-brown, is known from Pennsylvania
and Oklahoma and should occur in Indiana.

82 (319). BEMBIDIUM HONESTUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

Sl'; ibid. II, 498-050.

Rather elongate, subdepressed. Bronzed, more or less coppery, rarely
bluish or greenish, shining ; antemue and legs piceous. Thorax less than
one-half wider than long, apex emarginate ; sides slightly curved in front.
feebly sinuate behind ; disk rugose at base, median line deep, abbreviated
before and behind. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, deeply stviate-
pnnctate, the punctures almost obsolete at tip. Length 5.7-G.7 mm.

Lake, Franklin, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April
23-Deeember 7. Listed as B. fniUqinun De.j., but Say's name has
priority.

83 (320). BEMBIDIUM CHALCEUM Dej., Spec., V, 1831, 89.

More slender and more convex than lioiicxluin. Coppery bronze, rarely
greenish or bluish-black: legs info-piceous. the femora at base and tibi.-e
paler. Thorax with sides more strongly curved in front, distinctly more
narrowed and deeply sinuate behind than in lionc^tiiin. the apex truncate.
Elytra oblong-oval, deeply striate: intervals convex. Length 5.5-U.2 mm.

Throughoul 1 lit- Stale ; frequent. June 15 September 4.

THE GKOl'ND LEETLKS. 73

84 (325). BEMBIUIUM NIGHUM Say, Trans. Amer. I'liil. Sue.. II, 182:;, 85;

ihid. II, 500

Black, feebly bronzed, strongly shining; antenna; fuscous, the basal
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than
long, slightly narrower at base than apex; sidi s curved in front, very
feebly sinuate behind; basal impressions broad, deep, bistriate; hind an-
gles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, stria-
coarsely and deeply punctate. Length 3.7-^1.5 mrn.

Putnam County; rare. July 10. Probably occurs sparingly
throughout the State.

'&

85 (341). BEMBIDIUM GUEXI Chaucl., Rev. et Mag. Zool., XX, 1S6S, 242.

Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed ;
elytra dark brown or piceous, strongly shining; antenna; fuscous, the basal
joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, very
slightly narrower at base than apex, hind angles subrectaugular, indis-
tinctly carinate. Elytra nearly one-half wider than thorax, the five inner
strife entire, punctate, the sixth and seventh obsolete on apical half, the
seventh often wanting. Length 4.7-5.5 mm.

Fulton, Vigo, Jackson and Franklin counties ; scarce. April
14-Angust 20. Listed as B. planuin Hald., which name was pre-
occupied.

E. fugax Lee., 5.5-6.2 mm. ; B. transversale Dej. ; B. ustulatum
Linn., 5.2-6.2 mm., and B. postreiuum Say, 6-7 mm. in length, each
have a known distribution which might bring them within the limits
of Indiana, yet no specimens have as yet been seen from the State.

SO (358). BEMBIDIUM PICIPES Kirby, Faun. Bor. Arner., IV, 1837, 54.

Elongate, rather slender, moderately convex. Black, shining, some-
times slightly bronzed or bluish ; elytra rarely with a submargiual pale
spot one-fourth from apex ; antennae piceous or fuscous, the basal joint
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, narrower at
base than apex ; sides strongly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind,
hind angles rectangular, carinate ; disk with median line fine, basal im-
pressions deep. Elytra about one-half wider than thorax, rather deeply
striate, the fifth stria represented by a groove at apex. Length 5-6 mm.

Southern half of State; frequent. April 11-October 6. Oc-
curs beneath stones by running water.

GEOUP C.

The species belonging to this group have the dorsal punctures
on the third interval and the Immcri rounded into the sides of the
elytra. It comprises the Indiana species of Groups XI to XXI,
inclusive, of Hayward.

74 FAMILY II. CARABID.^E.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.

(i. Eyes large or moderately large, convex ; outer lobe of maxilla- with

the two joints distinct.
b. Dorsal punctures of elytra on the third interval only.

c. Striae on front of head normal ; elytra distinctly striate, with at

least the first and second striae entire ; striae punctate.
<J. Thorax narrower at base than apex.

e. Form depressed ; all the striae of elytra entire.

/. Thorax cordate, nearly twice as wide as long, much nar-
rower at base than apex ; legs and base of antennae dull
brownish-yellow. 87. CORDATUM.

//. Thorax subquadrate, but slightly narrower at base than
apex ; legs dark reddish-brown. 88. INTERMEDIUM.

ee. Form more or less convex.

g. Elytra with all the striae entire ; head alutaceous.

//. Larger, 5-6 mm. ; blackish or piceous, bronzed, the elytra
with pale markings. 89. GBACILIFORME.

lilt. Smaller, 4-4.5 mm.

i. Elytra dull brownish-yellow with two fuscous cross-
bands, one slightly behind the middle and another
between this and apex ; striae scarcely less deep at

tip. OBERTHURI.

//. Elytra greenish-bronzed with pale markings ; strife
much finer at tip. 90. FRATERNUM.

gg. Elytra with several of the striae abbreviated behind.

./. Hind angles of thorax distinctly carinate ; head very
finely or not at all slutacenus; size very small, not over
3.5 mm. 91. VERSICOLOR.

././' Hind angles of thorax very finely carinate ; head dis-
tinctly alutaceous; bronzed, tinged with green, elytra
with dull yellow markings; size 4.2-5.5 mm.

CONSTRICTIM.
fid. Thorax not perceptibly narrower at base than apex.

/r. Thorax squarely truncate at base, the hind angles rectangu-
lar ; elytra black, with dull yellow markings ; length less
than 5 mm. 92. VARIEGATUM.

/,/,. Thorax slightly obliquely truncate each side at base ; elytra
dull yellow with a bar behind the middle and two or three
spots blackish ; length 5 or more mm. 93. POSTFASCTATUM.
(<. Striae on front of head double, often convergent.
/. Frontal stria? more or less oblique.
). Frontal striae but slightly oblique, the outer one interrupted;

size small, -not over 4 mm.

u. Thorax cordate, the base pedunculate or subperlunculate.
n. Moderately convex : thorax scarcely wider than long :
elytra brownish-green with a subhumeral and a small
submarginal spot dull yellow. 94. PEDICELLATUM.

no. Slightly depressed : thorax one-half or more wider than
long; elytral spots AS, In preceding but larger; punc-
tures of elytra finer, 95. QUAPRIMACUIATUM.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

75

mi. Thorax cordate, the base truncate.

/>. Thorax slightly wider than long, distinctly narrower at
base than apex ; elytra black, slightly bronzed, with
dull yellow markings along the margin. 1)6. AKFINK.

/>/>. Thorax one-half wider than long, but slightly narrower at
base than apex; elytra piceous or nearly black, with-
out pale spots on margins. MUSCICOLA.
Frontal strut' very oblique, strongly convergent, the outer one
the shorter and often very faint; thorax cordate, truncate
at base.

<[. Thorax distinctly wider than long, the hind angles acute;
elytra black, scarcely bronzed, with submarginal spot and
apex more or less dull yellow; larger, 3.2-4 mm.

'/'/. Thorax scarcely wider than long, the hind angles rectangu-
lar; elytra brownish-bronzed with subapical spot and
apex pale; smaller, 2-2.7 mm. 9S. ASSIMILK.

//. Frontal stria- nearly straight, the outer one entire; elytra black
or greenish-black, shining, with a submarginal spot aud apex
dull yellow; length 3.2-3.5 mm. SULCATUM.

>>li. Dorsal punctures of elytra in irregular rows on all the intervals,
each puncture bearing a distinct, bristle-like hair; all the stria-
abbreviated behind the middle. It 1 .), si-: MISTRIATUM.
<ia. Eyes small, flattened; outer lobe of maxilhe with the two joints united;
color uniform reddish-brown. OULONGULUM.

x7 (366). BEMBIDICM CORDATIM Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 184S, 457.
Moderately elongate, depressed. Head and thorax coppery or greenish-
bronzed, alutaceous; elytra dull brownish-yellow, with a humeral spot, a
small oblong spot on third interval and two cross-bands connected by a
sutural line, bronzed or nearly black. Thorax with sides strongly curved,
sinuate near base; hind angles rectangular, finely carinate; basal impres-
sions rather deep, bistriate. the outer stria very feeble. Elytra one-third
wider than thorax, stria- finely punctate to behind the middle; intervals
fiat. Length 5.5-6.2 mm.

Vigo County; rare. June 19- July 3.

xx i3xx). P.EMr.inu M ix r i K:;MKI>H\M Kirby, Faun. P>:ir.

Amer., IV, 1X37. 5X.

Elongate, slightly depressed. I>ark greenish-bronzed ;
elytra with the apex, a small subapical spot near the
margin and rarely a short cross-band in front of middle,
dull brownish-yellow: antenna- fuscous, the basal joints
paler. Head and thorax alutaceous, the latter with sides
curved to behind middle, thence oblique to bast-; hind
angles obtuse, carinate: basal impressions small, rather
deep, bistriate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, the
stri.t' finely punctured to behind the middle; intervals
fiat. Length 3.7-4.5 mm. (Fig. 50.)

Fig. 50.

(Original.) X 6.

7(i FAMILY II. CAUAHin.K.

Throughout the State; scarce. February 1-December 25. Hi-
bernates as imago beneath logs, etc.. in low. damp places.

NO ( -). BE.MBIUIUM <;RACILIFOKMK Ilayw., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe.. XXIV.
3807, 07.

Elongate, rather slender, slightly convex. Head and thorax blackish-
bronzed; elytra bronzed picenus. shining, with a subhumeral blotch, a
cross-band behind the middle and sometimes the apex, paler, the markings
often indistinct: antenn:e piceons. the basal joints and legs dull yellow.
Thorax subcordate, one-half wider than long, distinctly narrower at base
than apex ; sides curved nearly to base, deeply sinuate in front of hind
angles, which are rectangular and earinate. Elytra slightly wider than
thorax, the stri;e distinctly punctate to behind middle; intervals convex.
Length 5-5.7 mm.

Lake and Vigo counties ; scarce. April 25-Oetober 1.
B. obcrfliiiri Ilayw., 4-4.5 mm. in length, is known from Massa-
chusetts, Illinois and Iowa and slnmld occur in northern Indiana.

00 <:>77). BK.MIJIDU M FRATERMM Lee.. 1'roc. Phil. Ac-ad. Nat. Sci., 3857. <>.

Slightly robust, moderately convex. Dark greenish-bronzed; elytra
with a narrow transverse band one-third from base, another one-third from
apex and an apical spot, paler, the three usually connected along the mar-
gin, often indistinct; antemue pice ,ns. paler at base; legs reddish-brown.
Thorax slightly subcordate, finely alutaeeous. one-half wider than long;
basal impressions broad, deep; sides broadly curved, sinuate near base;
hind angles rectangular, carinale. the carin;e long. Elytra one-half wider
than thorax, the strhe punctate to behind middle; intervals nearly Hat.
Length 41.5 mm.

Steuben. Fountain and Lawrence counties; scarce. July 6-
August 16.

01 CI01 i. BKMianuM VKRSICOLOIJ Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 3848, 4GO.

Slightly elongate, moderately convex. Head and thorax greenish-
black, slightly bronzed; elytra usually dull yellow, with three cross-bands,
more or less connected along the suture, picenns or nearly black: antenn.-e
piceons, 1lie basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subcordate. one-
lialf wider than long: sides strongly curved in front, deeply sinuate near
bas<>; hind angles rectangular, earinate. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, the stria' rather deep, distinctly punctate to behind middle, the
outer ones obsolete on apical half. Length 2.5-3.2 mm.

Throiiu-liout the State; frequent. March l-O<-t<>bcr 11. One
of our smallest species.

B. const I'tctu'ni Lee., has a wide distribution over tlu j Eastern
United States and should occur in Indiana,

T1IK (iliOrXI) I'.l'.KTLES. 77

*92 CIST). IlKMninn M VAI:IK<;ATI M Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., II, 1.S2."..

Sit; ibid. II. 4! ID, 551.1.

Moderately broad, slightly convex. Ik-ad and thorax blackish-bronzed.
alutaceons; elytra black \vith a few dull yellow markings, or dull yellow
with black markings (form putruclc) ; antennae fuscous, tlie basal joints
paler; legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex;
sides slightly curved in front, distinctly sinuate behind; basal impressions
broad, deep, bistriate; hind angles rectangular, strongly cariuate. Elytra
one-half wider than thorax. stri;e entire, distinctly punctate to behind mid-
dle: intervals convex. Length 3.5-4.7 mm.

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Often
attracted in summer by eleetri- light. February 26-December 25.
In the form pat rude the ground color of the elytra is dull brown-
ish-yellow with a humeral spot, a narrow line along the suture and
three more or less interrupted, sinuous cross-bars, black. In a
large assemblage of specimens these dark markings gradually be-
come broader and more extended until the black predominates, the
elytra being then spotted and banded with dull yellow as in the
typical rarityai mn. Both forms are common in Indiana, the dark-
one being much the more so.

93 (9252). BEMBIDH-.M POSTFASCIATUM Hamilton. Tan. Ent, XXV.. 189:;,

305.

Form broad, dilated, slightly c.mvex. Head and thorax coppery-bronze,
alutaceons; elytra dull brownish-yellow with a small spot on third in-
terval. a cross-band about the middle and another near the apex blackish :
legs dull yellow. Thorax sub<[uadrate, about one-half wider than long,
as wide at bise as apex; basal impressions br.iad. deep, bistriate; hind
angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than thorax,
deeply striate, the s-trhe dilated at base, finely punctate; disk with a trans-
verse depression behind the scutellum. Length 5-<> mm.

Southern fourth of State ; frequent. February 11-July 28.
Taken along the Wabash and White rivers from beneath the bark
of sycamore and other trees; also on low, sandy mud flats. Hiber-
nates as imago.

94 (419). BKMBIDIUM PEDICELLATCM Lee., Proc. 1'hil. Acad.

Nat. Sci., 1857, ',.

Elongate, moderately convex. Piceons bronzed, elytra
each with two pale spots; antenn;e fuscous, paler at base;
legs pale yellow. Thorax cordate, one-half narrower at
base than at apex, sides curved in front, sinuate behind :
basal impressions small, hind angles scarcely evident, n it
carinate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, the stria 1
distinctly, not closely, punctate ; intervals nearly Hat. Length
3-3.7 mm. < Fig. 51. (

Southern half of State; frequent. M;irch 2f>-\o % si.

. (Original.) ti.

vember 10.

78 FAMILY II. - CARABIDJE.

05 (417). BEMBIUII/M OCADKIMAC TLAU IM Linn.. Syst. X;it., I, 1758, 416;
Say, Ed. Lee., II. 501, 55:j.

Moderately elongate, slightly depressed. Head and thorax bronzed or
blackish-bronzed, shining; elytra brownish or black, with a triangular
subhumeral spot and a smaller one behind the middle, dull yellow; an-
tenn.-e piceoiis. the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Length 2.7 .">.7 mm.

Southern half <>f Stale; scarce. April 11-December 27. Re-
semhles /it <!!<< Ihil u m but is less convex and with punctures of ely-
Ira. titier and moi-c closely placed; elytral spots more distinct. Hi-
bernates as imago.

'..'<' (407). BEMBIIJU .M AFFIXE Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, SO;
ibid. II, 501.

Slightly elongate, convex. Black or piceous, slightly bronzed, shining;
elytra with a small spot near humerus. a large, triangular submarginil
one at middle, a small one one-fourth from apex and ofteu the apex, dull
yellii\v; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Thorax
slightly wider than long, sides curved in front, sinuate behind, hind angles
rectangular, very finely carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than
thorax, strife distinctly punctate, the first and second only entire. Length
2. 5-3.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; common February 20-November 8.
Hibernates as imago.

/>'. mufiricola Playw., 2.5-3.2 mm. in length, has been taken in
Michigan and northern Illinois and should be found in the north-
.ern third of Indiana.

!7 (410). BEMBIDIUM ANGULIFERUM Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1852, 185.

Slightly elongate, convex. Black, feebly bronzed, shining; elytra with
dull yellow markings as given in key: legs reddish-brown to piceous.
Thorax much narrower at base than apex; basal impressions deep, with
one stria; sides curved in front, sinuate behind: hind angles acute, cari-
nate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, strue punctate, feebly impressed.
especially on sides; intervals nearly Hat. Length 3.2-4 mm.

Lake County; rare. May ;~>. A species of northern range, ex-
tending across the continent.

as (414). BioMmmr.M ASSIMILK <Jyll.. Ins. Suec., II. is 10, 20.

Moderately robust. Black; elytra piceous or brownish with suhmar-
ginal spot and apex paler: antenn;e fuscous, paler at base: legs dull yel-
low. Thorax narrower at base than apex, sides strongly curved in front,
distinctly sinuate behind; hind angles rectangular, disk sparsely and
coarsely punctate at base and apex ; bas:il impressions deep, unistriate.
Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, coarsely punctate, the punctures
obsolete on apical half. Length 2-2.7 mm.

Lake. Laporle and Vi.n'o counties; scarce. May 5-October 21.
Our smallest species. The subopaque pale spot is ocellate, being

THE GROUND BEETLES. 70

surrounded by a distinct ring, darker than the remaining surface
of elytra.

B. xiilcatiini Lee., a member of the boreal fauna, has been taken
in Michigan and northern Illinois and should occur in northern In-
diana.

'.'. <42<M. lUiMMIIUl'M SKMISTKIATI M Hilld.. 1'l'OC. 1'liil. AflUl. Nat. Sci., I,

Slightly elongate, convex. Nearly black, feebly bronzed, the elytra
often tinged with brownish; antenme piceous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Frontal grooves single, straight, parallel. Thorax subcor-
date, one-half wider than long, distinctly narrower at base than apex;
sides strongly curved in front, sinuate behind; basal impressions deep.
bistriate ; hind angles rectangular, carinate. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, finely striate, the strue with deep, rather distant punctures, these
obsolete on apical half ; intervals flat, with punctures as mentioned in
key. Length 3.7-^.2 mm.

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from beneath dead
leaves above a hillside spring. The seta? arising from the dorsal
punctures are very distinct beneath a lens. Occurs from New Eng-
land to Kentucky.

B. oblongulum Mann., 4.2-5.5 mm. in length, has been taken in
Ohio and Michigan. It is a member of the boreal fauna and should
be found along the northern border of Indiana. Two specimens
were in the Stein collection without locality label.

XVIII. ANILLUS Duval. 1851. (Gr., "without + light.")

Very small brownish species, having the eyes entirely wanting
and hind coxa> separated. They live in caves or under stones on
the slopes of wooded hills. Four species are known from the
United States, one of which has been taken in Indiana.

100 (429). ANILLUS FOKTTS Horn, Trans. Arner. Ent. Soc., II, 18GS, 127.

Elongate-oblong. Reddish-brown, shining; anteuure and legs pale yel-
low. Head with -a shallow groove each side of front. Thorax wider than
long, sides slightly curved to behind middle, thence feebly converging to
base, which is narrower than apex and squarely truncate ; disk with a
single bristle-bearing puncture each side near front angle, median line
Hue, hind angles rectangular. Elytra with a few discal rows of very fine
punctures, some of which bear single, long, erect hairs; the punctures ab-
sent on sides and apex, plainly visible only when viewed from the side.
Length 1.7-2 mm.

Rare, or so small as to be overlooked. Two specimens were
taken from beneath stones on a wooded slope near Wyandotte Cave,
Crawford County. May 27. When their cover was removed they
ran aimlessly about, instead of seeking some new retreat.

[623402]

SO

F \MILY IT. - CAIJAP.ID.K

XIX. TACIIYS S.-haiiui. 1SliO. (Gr., "swift")

Very small black or brownish species having the characters ol'
the tribe Bembidiini. Front tibia* obliquely truncate at apex;
elytra glabrous, either striate or wholly without stria, except
that at suture, which is recurved at apex. They occur for the most
part in damp places, beneath Hie bark of partly decayed logs and
stumps; also in moss and ant hills and beneath chunks on mud
Hats. When uncovered they run very rapidly, whence the generic
name. About 45 species are known from the United States; of
these 15 have been taken in Indiana.

The only paper treating of the genus is by:

Hai/irard. "A Study of the Species of Tachys of Boreal Amer-
ica" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXVI, 1S!M). 11)1-238.

For convenience Hayward divided the genus into nine groups.
his primary division being based upon the presence or absence of
punctures on the mentum. Of this character he says: "The
mentum varies in the different species being more or less emargi-
nate in front, with a tooth of varying prominence at the bottom of
the emargination. In rather more than half of the United States
species there may be observed, behind the tooth, two large fora-
raeniform punctures which are entirely absent in the other group.
These are not difficult to detect, even with a hand lens, and as soon
as recogni/ed. their presence or absence can be readily determined,
even in the smallest forms." Since only one-third of the species
treated by Ilayward occur in Indiana, they will be separated into
but two groups, and this is done only to lessen the length of the
keys to species.

Fig. 52. n, mentum of T. rirar: b, mentum of T. proximvs; c, thorax (if 7'. iiimnitt; il, thorax of T. iri].uncta ! .us.

(After Hayward.)

KKY TO (iROll'S OF INDIANA TACHYS.

ii. Mentum without hir^e punctures behind the ini'di;in tooth (Fij;. 51.', ") ;
marginal stria of elytra interrupted or less deep at middle.

Group .1.

ii'i. Mentnm with !\vi> lar.uc I'orainenirorii! punctures behind the tooth.
<Fig. f)L'. !>.} Group /?.

TIIK (JKOIIND BEKTLKS. 81

GROUP A.

This group includes the Indiana species of Groups I-IV of Hay-
\\ard.

KEY TO INDIANA Sl'EC'lE.S OF UKOt'P A.

a. Thorax broadly margined, the margin translucent ; third interval <>f
elytra with two small dorsal punctures very near the third stria;
apical third of elytra yellowish. 101. FLAVKAIDA.

an. Thorax narrowly margined, the margin not translucent.

/<. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria parallel to the
margin; dorsal punctures two, the first on the fourth stria near
the base, the second on the third stria near the apex ; color jet
black. 102. NANUS.

l>l>. Elytra with the recurved portion of the sutural stria short, nearly
parallel to the suture; dorsal punctures two, placed on the third
stria when the latter is present, the second but slightly behind the
middle.

c. Elytra with none of the stria? punctate.

(I. Thorax with the transverse impression near base not tripunc-
tate at middle (Fig. 52, c) ; elytra with the sutural stria
deep, the other striae obsolete.

c. Very convex ; thorax scarcely as wide at base as apex, the
sides strongly rounded in front, oblique behind.

103. GBANARIUS.

cc. Moderately convex; thorax a little wider at base than apex,
the sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind ;
elytra distinctly wider than thorax.

/. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, the elytra with an ill-de-
fined stripe each side, or with subhumeral and subapical
spots, paler ; form moderately elongate. 104. INCURVUS.
/'/. Uniform light reudish-brown or brownish-yellow, elytra
rarely slightly darker on the disk ; form very elongate.

105. DOLOSUS.
ilil. Thorax with the transverse impression near base with three

large punctures at middle. (Fig. 52, d.)

g. Thorax not wider at base than apex; elytra distinctly wider-
than thorax with a sutural and one to three abbreviated
dorsal stri;e. 106. XANTHOPUS.

!/f/. Thorax wider at base than apex.

//. Form subdepressed ; dark brown or piceous ; thorax but
slightly wider at base than apex. 107. TRIPUNCTATL^S.
////. Form convex.

/. Keddish-brown or piceous, the elytra paler at sides and
Tip; thorax distinctly wider at base than apex.

10S. VIVAX.

//. r.lack. very shining; legs pale; sides of thorax rounded

to behind the middle, sinuate behind. !(>'.. CAPAX.

ce. Elytra with the sutural stria distinctly punctulate; form robust;

reddish-brown; thorax tripuuctate at base. 110. FERRUGINEUS.

82

FAMILY IT. OAKABTRK.

?*>** ^>^

Fig. 53. (Original.)

*101 (450). TACHYS FLAVICAUDA Say, Trans. Arner.
Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 87; ibid. II, 502.

Rather broad, feebly convex. Dark piceous or near-
ly black, the apical third of elytra yellowish ; anten-
na? and legs reddish-yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-
half wider than long ; sides feebly curved, base trun-
cate, a little wider than apex ; hind angles rectangu-
lar, not cariuate. Elytra one-half wider than thorax,
the five inner stria? moderately distinct. Length 1.5-
1.8 mm. (Fig. 53.)

Throughout the State; frequent. January 6-December 25.
Occurs beneath bark, especially that of elm and butternut.

*102 (449). TACHYS NANUS Gyll., Ins. Suec., II, 1810, 30.

Elongate, depressed. Black, shining, very finely alutaceous; antenna?
piceous, the basal joints and tibia? and tarsi more or less reddish-brown.
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, not wider at base
than apex ; sides rounded in front, slightly sinuate near base, hind angles
rectangular, not or but feebly carinate. Elytra subparallel, slightly wider
than thorax, the four or five inner strise distinct, without punctures.
Length 2.2-3 mm.

Throughout the State; common. January 10-November 20.
Occurs beneath bark and leaves.

103 (462). TACHYS GRANARIUS Dej., Spec., V, 1831, 01.

Robust, convex. Color variable, usually piceous or nearly black ; elytra
often more or less brownish and somewhat translucent, sometimes reddish-
brown, very shining ; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs dull yel-
low. Thorax subquadrate, one-half wider than long ; base truncate, hind
angles subrectangular with a short, fine carina ; transverse impression near
base deep, finely punctulate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, dorsal
punctures small. Length 1.7-2 mm.

Putnam County ; scarce. March 5-October 10. Occurs beneath
stones and leaves on damp, wooded hillsides.

*104 (4G1). TACHYS INCURVUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 440;

ibid. II, 554.

Elongate, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown to nearly black,
shining; the elytra with an indistinct pale yellow stripe reaching from
humerus nearly to apex, this often interrupted at middle; antenna' fuscous,
the basal joints and legs dull yellow. Thorax quadrate, one-half wider
than long; transverse impression near base, deep, finely punctate; hind
angles rectangular, with a short carina. Elytra distinctly wider than
thorax, with only a moderately deep sutural stria, a second faint one often
visible. Length 1.7-2.5 mm.

Throinrhnul. the State; common. .January 21-0rt,<>lx>r 21. Oc-
curs beneath rubbish in open Avoodland and often in nests of ants.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 83

105 (466). TACHYS DOLOSUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 470.
Very elongate, slightly convex. Brownish-yellow or pale reddish-brown,

shining; antennas and legs paler. Thorax quadrate, about one-half wider
than long, slightly wider at base than apex ; basal impressions small, mod-
erately deep; hind angles rectangular, finely carinate. Elytra elongate,
nearly one-half wider than thorax, with a deep sutural stria which does
not reach the base. Length 2.2-2.7 min.

Lake County; rare. May 21-June 26. A few specimens taken
from beneath cover in sandy places near Pine and Clark Junction.

106 (456). TACHYS XANTHOPUS Dej., Spec. V, 1831, 60.

Robust, convex. Piceous or nearly black, shining, the elytra indis-
tinctly paler at tip ; antennae pieeous, the basal .joints and legs dull yellow.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides strongly curved in front, oblique
behind; basal impressions broad, deep; hind angles subobtuse, not cari-
nate. Length 1.7-2.2 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 22-October 17. Often
found running about on mud flats in the daytime.

107 (453). TACHYS TRIPUNCTATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,

439; ibid. II, 553.

Rather elongate, subdepressed. Brown or pieeous, shining, the elytra
slightly paler at the sides; antenme fuscous, the basal joints paler; legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, one-half-wider than long; sides rounded
in front, slightly sinuate near base; hind angles rectangular, with a short,
fine carina. Elytra with a sutural and three or four abbreviated dorsal
stride, the inner three deep, the first only entire. Length 2.7-3.2 mm.

Perry County ; rare. May 16. Described from Posey County.

108 (454). TACHYS VIVAX Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 468.
Rather robust, convex. Reddish-brown, rarely rufo-piceous, shining.

the elytra paler at sides and tip: antenna? and legs pale yellow. Thorax
more than one-half wider than long; sides rounded in front, feebly sinuate
behind; hind angles rectangular with a short fine carina. Elytra with three
or four inner strife distinct, the inner two deeper. Length 2.2-2.7 mm.

, Throughout the State; scarce. April 17-September 9.

'10!) (455). TACIIYS CAI-AX Lee., X. Sp. X. Am. Col., I. ISC,:;, i'o.

Rather elongate, convex. Black, very shining: antenna 1 dark fuscous.
paler at base. Thorax one-half wider than long, wider at base than apex,
basal impressions broad, deep: sides strongly rounded to behind the middle,
sinuate for a short distance in front of hind angles, which are rectangular
and finely carinate. Elytra oblong-oval, less than one-half wider than
thorax, the two inner strife deep, the third feebly marked. Length 2.3-3 mm.

Knox and Fayette counties; rare. April 25-Jime 25. A spe-
cies of southern range, taken from the edge of cypress swamp.

84

FAMILY II. OAKAIUL^K.

110 (4."il>). TACHYS FEKKI UINEIS Dej., Spec. V, is:;i, G'.t.

Robust, strongly convex. Filiform reddish-brown, shining, often trans-
lucent ; antenna 1 dusky, paler at base. Thorax one-halt' wider than long,
sides slightly curved in front, feebly sinuate behind; hind angles rectangu-
lar, not carinate. Elytra more than one-half wider than thorax, with a
deep sutural and a finer abbreviated second stria., rarely with traces of a
third. Length '2. ~> -'.'>. '2 mm.

Southern half of Slate; frequent; much less so northward.
April 17-May 28. Occurs usually in the nests of ants, though some-
times beneath chunks in damp localities.

GKOUP B.

In this ^roup the men turn is marked behind the median tooth
with two laru'e deep punctures. Five species are known from the
State. They comprise the Indiana species of Groups V-IX of
Hayward.

Fig. 54. a, Front tarsus of T. proiimu* (male); 6,
antenna of T. torus: c, front tarsus of T. corruscus
(male.) (After Hayward.)

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.

<;. Elytra with the marginal stria broadly interrupted at middle (obsolete

in 7TH* ).

1>. Recurved portion of the sutural stria very short, parallel with the
suture, not hooked at tip; two dorsal punctures on the third in-
terval near the third stria ; form depressed ; length 1.2-1.5 mm.

111. L.EVUS.

l>h. Recurved portion of the sutural stria long, nearly parallel to the
suture, distinctly hooked at tip; ihe first dorsal puncture on fourth
interval, the second enclosed within the recurved portion of the
sutural stria ; length 1'.3 :!.2 mm.

<. .Male with the first two joints of the front tarsi dilated (Fig.

54, a); elytra oblong-oval, pale with an ill-defined dark blotch

behind the middle. 112. PROXIMIS,

CO. Male with only the basal joint of the front tarsi dilated (Fig.

r,4. C).

r/. Males with the inner angle of the dilated joint of front tarsi
without a spine: color more reddish than in in-oj-im-iix. with
the dark blotch of elytra better defined, frequently extending
to the margin. 113. SCITULUS.

THE GKOUM) I5KETLES. 85

(Id. Males witli a prolonged spiniform process at inner angle of di-
lalcd basal joint of front tarsi; elylra uniform piceous or dark
reddish-yellow. 114. COKIU scrs.

<ni. Elytra with the marginal stria deep, entire; two small dorsal punctures
on third interval; thorax much narrowed at base; elytral stri.e punc-
tate. 115. KI'IIII'l'IA II S.

Ill (445). TACIIYS L/EVUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Sue., II. 1X23. XX; ibid.

II, 503.

Oblong, subdepressed. Head arid elytra piceous ; thorax dark reddish-
brown ; antennae bead-like (Fig. 54. b), fuscous, two basal joints and legs
pale. Thorax narrowed behind, nearly twice as wide as long; sides strongly
curved to near the base, which is slightly narrower than apex; basal im-
pressions small, deep: hind angles obtuse, not cariuate. Elytra about one-
half wider than thorax, with a sutural and one to three abbreviated dorsal
stria' : marginal strhe obsolete. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 18-June 17. Occurs
especially beneath leaves along the borders of marshes. Our smal-
lest TacJiys and one of the smallest of our Carabida?.

*112 (433). TACHYS PKOXLMTS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1X23. SS ;

ibid. II, 503.

Elongate, subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous; elytra dull yellow,
usually with an ill-defined dusky cloud on the middle of disk, their surface
shining with a silken luster : antennae fuscous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate. one-half wider than long, as wide at
base as apex, sides curved in front, more or less sinuate behind; hind
angles subrectangular. Elytra with two or three inner strife distinct, not
punctate, the others obsolete. Length 2.7-3.2 mm.

Throughout the State, common in the southern counties ; less so
northward. February 26-October 31. Hibernates as imago.

113 (435). TACHYS scrn LUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1S4S, 471.

Slightly elongate, depressed. Dull reddish-yellow, the head, and rarely
the thorax, darker ; elytra with a more or less distinct fuscous or piceo*us
cross-band behind the middle ; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs
dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, as wide at base as apex, nearly twice
as wide as long ; sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base, hind
angles obtuse. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, finely striate. the four
or five inner stria? usually distinct, not punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Southern half of State; frequent; much less so northward.
April 19 October 17. Occurs on mud flats or beneath rubbish close
to water. The females of this species are difficult to separate from
the paler ones of proximus. They have the thorax proportionally
wider as compared with the length, the sides very slightly if at all
sinuate near base. The color is usually more reddish, with the dark
discal space forming a transverse band instead of an ill-defined
blotch.

:S(i FAMILY IT. CATJAIJID/E.

114 (440). TACITYS CORRTSCCS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 472".

Rather slender, subdepressed. Uniform black to piceous, rarely dark
reddish-yellow ; antennae fuscous, the basal joints paler ; legs pale yellow.
Thorax subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, as wide at base as
apex ; sides curved in front, oblique near base ; hind angles obtuse, not
earinate. Elytra each with a sutural and one to three feebly impressed
dorsal strife, and with four to six long, pale, erect hairs near the tip.
Length 2-2.7 nun.

Southern half of State; frequent; rare in the northern coun-
ties. April 18-October 17. The elytra are often more or less iri-
descent. The uniform dark color and pale legs, taken in connec-
tion with the other characters, render its identification easy.

115 (470). TACHYS EPHIPPIATUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1S34,

439; ibid. II, 553.

Elongate, slender, convex. Pale brownish or reddish-yellow, shining ;
elytra with a large, common, dark brown spot on middle and usually a
smaller indistinct one near the scutellum ; auteume and legs dull yellow.
Thorax subcordate, narrower at base than apex, widest before the middle;
sides curved in front, sinuate behind, hind angles rectangular. Elytra one-
half wider than thorax, dorsal stria* six. moderately deep, punctured.
Length 2.5-3.2 mm.

Southern half of State; frequent. April ] 2-September 3. Oc-
curs on damp sandy spots along the margins of streams; also taken
by sifting in early spring.

Tribe V. POGONINI.

'Small or medium sized beetles, having the antennas slender, aris-
mg from under a feeble frontal ridge, the first two joints glabrous ;
labrum short, truncate or broadly emargiuate; mandibles feebly
curved, with a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove; last
joint of palpi not awl-shaped, the next to last not pubescent.
Thorax with a bristly hair on each side and at hind angles. Body
not pedunculate, scutellum distinct. Elytra more or less striate,
with dorsal punctures present. Hind coxae slightly separated by
the mesosternum. Front tarsi of males with two joints dilated and
covered beneath with small scales.

Four genera represent the tribe in the United States, three of
which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO IMDIANA GKNKRA OF POGONINI.

(/. Terminal joint of palpi more or less cylindrical and obtuse at tip. that
of the labial palpi as long as the preceding; head more or less con-
stricted or transversely impressed behind the eyes.

XX. PATROBUS.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 87

an. Terminal joint of palpi slender, acute at tip, that of the labial palpi

shorter than the preceding.

h. Head with distinct eyes. XXI. TRECHUS.

1>1>. Head without eyes. XXII. ANOPHTHALMUS.

XX. PATROBUS Dej., 1825.

Beetles of medium size, 10 or more mm. in length, having the
elytra elongate, not margined at base, their sides subparallel. For
literature regarding this and the next genus see :

Horn. 11 Synoptic Tables" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., V, 1874,
130; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., V, 1882, 47, 48.

Seven species are known from the United States, one of which
occurs in Indiana.

*116 (472). PATROBUS LONGICORNIS Say, Trans. Amer.

Phil. Soc., II. 1823, 40; ibid. II, 466.

Elongate-oval. Black above, piceous beneath; antenna? **
reddish-brown, half as long as body; legs paler. Last
two joints of maxillary palpi equal. Thorax convex, a
little broader than long; sides curved to behind middle,
thence sinuate to base ; front transverse impression and
median impressed line deep, hind angles rectangular;
basal impressions broad, deep, punctured. Elytral stria?
deep and distinctly punctured ; intervals convex on disk,
flattened on sides. Length 12-14 mm. (Fig. 55.) Fig. 55. (After Leng.)

Throughout the State; common. January 1-December 25. Oc-
curs beneath stones and rubbish along streams, lakes, etc. ; hiber-
nates as imago. Most common in May.

XXI. TRECHUS Clairv. 1SO. (Gr.. "a runner.")

Elytra oblong-oval, almost twice as long as wide; front tibia?
slightly broader to tip, the emarginatiou extending nearly to the
middle of the tibia?; length less than 6 mm. Four species occur
in the northern and western parts of North America, one of which
extends down into northern Indiana.

H7 (483). TRECHUS CHALYBEUS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 17.

Elongate-oval. Black or dark brown with a bluish gloss ; antenna?
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax subquadrate, one-third wider than long ;
sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base ; disk smooth, median
impressed line distinct, basal impressions deep, not punctate, hind angles
subrectaugular. Elytra oblong-oval, with four or tive dorsal stria?, the-
outer two very faint ; stria? finely punctate. Inner wings absent. Length
5 mm.

Steuben County; rare. May 13. One specimen was taken from
beneath leaves in low moist woods on the eastern edge of Clear Lake.

FAMILY II. CAI!AI!IIL'K.

XXII. ANOPHTHALMUS Sturm. 1844. (Gr., "without eyes.")

Small, pale brown, eyeless beetles found in caves. Eight species
are known from the United States, two of which were described
from Wyandotte Cave, Indiana. For literature see:

Horn. "'Synoptic Table" in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., X. 4883,
270; also in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., V, 4882, 48.

118 (489). ANOPIITIIALMIS TKXIIS Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent.
Soc., III. 1X71. 327; Geol. Surv. I ml. 1872.
179.

Elongate, slender. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Head
oval, front with two curved impressed lines. Thorax broader
than head, slightly longer than wide ; sides curved in front,
\_ sinuate behind, median line distinctly impressed ; hind
angles rectangular, acute. Elytra elongate-oval, two-thirds
longer than broad, surface finely alutaceous; stri.e faint but

evident, with three bristle-bearing punctures along the third.
Fig. 56. X 3.

(After Packard.) Length 4.5-b mm. (Fig. 56.)

Caves of Monroe, Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent in
Wyandotte. April 15-September 20. They occur only in the re-
mote parts of the caves, where they may be found crawling rapidly
over mud, sand or rocks in damp localities. Like other Carabids,
these small blind beetles are supposed to be carnivorous. In Wyan-
dotte specimens of mites, spiders, springtails and harvestmen were
taken in the same locality as the beetles, and probably furnish the
latter a scanty supply of food.

119 (491). ANOPHTHALMVS EREMITA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. III.
1871, 32S; (irol. Surv. Ind., 1X72. 180.

Of the same color as ten nix and resembling that species but broader.
Thorax wider than long and wider than head : hind angles less prominent.
Elytra more distinctly alutaceous, with scarcely any traces of stria?, the
surface subopaque. Length 5 mm.

Very rare ; originally described from a single male specimen
taken in Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County. The type is in the
Horn collection at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences.

Tribe VI. I'TEUOSTICHINI.

Beetles of medium or large si/e. having the antenna? arising from
beneath a distinct frontal ridge, the three basal joints glabrous;
mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture in the outer groove;
mentum broad, usually deeply emarginato and toothed. Thorax
with at least one bristle-bearing puncture at side and one at hind
angle. Body not pedunculate, scutellum distinct. Elytra narrowly
indexed, margin strongly interrupted behind the middle and with

THE GROUND BEETLES. 89

a well-marked internal fold; disk usually with dorsal punctures.
Front tibia 1 broader at tip, deeply emarginate within, the inner spur
situated at the summit of the notch ; hind coxae contiguous. Front
tarsi of males rather broadly dilated and covered beneath with small
scales.

The tribe is represented in the United States by five genera, all
of which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO GENEUA OF PTEROSTICHINI.

(/. Terminal joint of palpi dilated; elytra without dorsal punctures.

XXIII. MYAS.

IKI. Terminal joint of palpi cylindrical or slightly oval.
&. Front tarsi of male normally dilated.

c. Last joint of palpi as long as or longer than the next to the last.
the latter with two seta 1 (bristly hairs) in front.

XXIV. PTEROSTICHUS.
cc. Last joint of palpi shorter than the next to last, the latter with

a number of set;e in front.
d. Elytra with one dorsal puncture; size larger, 14 or more mm.

XXV. EVABTHRUS.

(Id. Elytra without dorsal punctures ; size smaller, not over 12 mm.

XXVI. AMARA.

bl). Front tarsi ot male obliquely dilated; form oblong, subdepressed ;
black, very shining, usually with iridescent reflections; dorsal
punctures one. XXVII. LOXANDRUS.

XXIII. MYAS Dej., 1828.

Beetles of medium size and broad form, having the head and
thorax black and elytra purplish. Two species occur in the United
States. Of these but one has as yet been taken in Indiana, though
Dury has taken the other at Cincinnati, Ohio. They may be sepa-
rated as follows :

KEY TO SPECIES OF MYAS.

(/. Thorax depressed at sides; elytra 1 si rite punctured; length 18-20 mm.

120. CORACINVS.

int. Thorax not depressed at sides; olytral stri;e not or very obsoletely
punctured; length 13-1" mm. CYANESCENS.

120 (494). MYAS CORACINUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 182:}, fil) :

ibid. II, 482.

Black, elytra purplish. Thorax broad, transversely quadrate, front
angles rounded, hind angles rectangular, margin purplish. Elytra broad
with acute strhe which are finely punctured. Length 18-20 mm.

Throughout the State but scarce; taken in nine widely separated
counties. Occurs beneath loi>'s and chunks in open woods with a
loose soil. May 21-October 7.

90 FAMILY II. CAKABID^K.

XXIV. PTEROSTICHUS Boil. 1813. (Gr., "wing [compact. ")

Black or greenish-shining beetles of medium or large size, hav-
ing the characters of the tribe as above given. Form elongate, more
01- less depressed; head but little constricted behind the eyes; mar-
gin of elytra strongly interrupted posteriorly.

The members of this genus are among the most common of our
Carabidse. They are found in woods and along the borders of fields
under logs, stones and leaves. A number of the species hibernate
in the perfect stage. Dr. Forbes dissected thirteen specimens of
this genus and found that 43 per cent, of the food wa,s of insects,
canker worms, caterpillars, etc. The vegetable food was of fungi
and flowering plants.

The principal papers dealing with the genus are as follows :

LeConte. "Synopsis of the Species of Pterostichus and Allied

Genera Inhabiting Temperate North America," in Journ.

Phil. A cad. Nat. Sci., II, 1852, 225.
LeConte. "The Pterostichi of the United States," in Proc.

Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1873, 302.
LeConte. "Synoptical Table," in Bull. Brook, Ent. Soc., V,

1882. 15, et seq.
Wiclfham.In Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc,, III, 1895, 181.

About 125 species are known from the United States. Of these
24 have been taken in Indiana, while 5 others may occur. For con-
venience the Indiana species are first arranged in four groups, and
these are then treated in order.

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA PTEROSTICHTS.

a. Dorsal punctures none or one only. Group A.

<aa. Dorsal punctures two or more.

7*. Last joint of palpi cylindrical, truncate at tip; size larger, usually

10 or more mm.

<?. Side pieces of metathorax short, their length distinctly less than

twice their width at base. Group 11.

cc. Side pieces of metathorax long, narrowed from base to apex, their

length being more than twice the width at base. Group ('.

1>I>. Last joint of palpi elongate-oval, scarcely truncate; size smaller, not

over 8.5 mm. Group It.

GROUP A.

To this group belong small or medium sized species either wholly
without dorsal punctures or with one puncture behind the middle
011 the third iii1>-i-v;!l, dose to the second stria. They have the thorax
usually rounded or trapezoidal, much narrowed behind, the margin
narrow, not reflexed, the base without a marginal line. Six species

TIII'1 CiKOUND BEETLES. 91

l)robabl.y occur in the Stale, though but three of them have as yet
been taken.

KKY Til SPECIES OK GROUP A.

a. Elytra without a dorsal puncture.

h. Head of moderate si/e ; thorax longer than broad, the basal impivs-
sions linear, single. 121. ADOXUS.

b1>. Head very large; thorax quadrate, its basal impressions broad; hind
trochanters rounded at tip. ROSTRATUS.

ua. Elytra each with one dorsal puncture behind the middle on the third
interval.
c. Basal impressions of thorax double or bistriate.

(I. Hind angles rectangular, longer and prominent; elytral stri.-e
punctulate. SUBSTRIATUS.

Ad. Hind angles subobtuse or very small ; elytral stria; not punctu-
late. APALACHIUS
co. Basal impressions of thorax single.

e. Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse; larger, 10 mm.; thorax

without an impressed line in front. 122. OBSOLETUS.

ce. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, prominent ; elytral stria 1

deep ; small, not over S mm. 123. HONESTUS.

121 (519). PTEROSTICHUS ADOXUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

46 ; ibid. II, 472.

Elongate, rather slender. Black; antennae and palpi dark reddish-
brown; legs and abdomen piceous. Thorax widest in front of middle,
thence gradually narrowed to base; sides excurved near hind angles, which
are rectangular and denticulate; basal lines deep. Elytral striae not punc-
tured, intervals subcouvex. Length 13-15 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 18-October 6. Occurs
beneath logs and stones on the slopes of deep wooded ravines.

122 (532). PTEROSTICHUS OBSOLETUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV,

1834, 424; ibid. II, 537.

Elongate, slender, subconvex. Black or piceous, shining; antennae and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax orbicular, sides strongly rounded ; basal im-
pressions rounded, deep and small. Elytra a little wider than thorax, the
striae punctured, indistinctly so on sides and apex. Length 9.5-10.5 mm.

Described from Indiana; occurs throughout the State. March
21-August 22. Frequent in hilly regions beneath stones and old
logs.

123 (539). PTEROSTICHUS HONESTUS Say, Trans. Ainer.

Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 51 ; ibid. II, 475.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Black or piceous; antenna}
and legs reddish-brown. Thorax scarcely longer than
wide, much narrowed behind the middle and sinuate on
sides; basal impressions narrow and deep, with the space
between them coarsely and sparsely punctured. Elytra

more oval and convex than usual, much broader than

Fig. 57.
thorax, the stria? deep, not punctured. Length S mm. (After Leng).

(Fig. 57.)

92 FAMILY IT. - f'

Fulton, Parke, Vigo. Jackson, Crawford and Posey counties;
scarce. Occurs principally beneath logs in deep shaded ravines.
April 13 November 4.

P. rostratus Newm., 14-16 mm., P. siibstriatus Lee., 12-14 mm.,
and P. a-palaclihis Horn, 12 mm. in length, have a known range
which favors the probability of their occurring in Indiana.

GROUP B.

This group comprises black, medium sized species ranging in
length from 10 to 1(5 mm. They have two or three dorsal punctures
on each elytron ; thorax narrowed behind and not margined at base,
except in permundus; the inner wings lacking except in obscurus.
The side pieces (episterna) of the metathorax are short, and nearly
as broad at apex as base. Of the seven species whose characters and
range are such as to be included in the group, five are represented
in the collection at hand, while two others perhaps occur in the
State.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.

</. Thorax narrower at base than apex; prosternum not margined behind.

1>. Outer striae of elytra indistinct; thorax finely margined; elytral stria'

not punctured. 124. OBSOURUS.

lil>. Outer strife of elytra nearly or quite as deep as inner; thorax strong-

ly margined.
c. Dorsal punctures two (rarely three or four).

(I. I'.asnl impressions of thorax linear, deep. LACHRYMOSUS.

dil. Basal impressions large, broad.
r. Hind angles of thorax carinate.

f. Basal impressions without a tubercle. 125. CORACINUS.

//. Basal impressions with an obtuse flattened tubercle.

12f>. STYfiKTS.

cc. Hind angles not carinato ; impressions without a tubercle.

127. RELICTUS.

<(. Dorsal punctures four; hind angles carinate. STPERCILIOSUS.

mi. Thorax broader at base than apex; prosternum margined behind; dor-

sal punctures three. 12S. PERMUNDUS.

124 < 542). PTKKOSTH-HUS oi:s( i ius Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Site.. IV, 435;

ibid. II, 538.

Elongate, slender. Black; antenn;e, tibhe and tarsi dark reddish-brown.
Thorax somewhat trapezoidal in shape, narrowed behind; basal impressions
short, narrow, punctured, hind angles very obtuse, rounded. Elytra with
three dorsal punctures, the first and second on or near the third stria, the
third on second stria ; intervals Hat. stri.-e shallow. Length 10.5-12 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 4-November 17. In one
specimen before me there are four dorsal punctures on one side
and three on the other.

TIM; <ji;orxi> UKETLES. !>:>

11'5 (545). I'TEKos'ficiirs coKU'im's Newm., Eiitom. Mag.,
V, 18:!X, 3X0.

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Black, shining; antenna
and legs pic-eons. Thorax quadrate, somewhat narrowed be-
hind, sides broadly rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal im-
pressions broad, deep, rugosely punctured. Elytral striae
deep, not punctured; intervals tlat or nearly so. Length
15-17.5 nun. (Fig. 58.)

Throughout the State, frequent ; more so iu the
northern counties. May 13-October 3. Occurs be- (Aft ' e g r ' Leng) .
neath logs and stones in open woods. In this and the
next two species the side margins of thorax are wider and more
reflexed than in any of those preceding; the two (rarely three or
four) dorsal punctures are located on the second stria, one before,
the other behind the middle. In one specimen from Cass County
there are four distinct dorsal punctures on the second stria. From
the keys, as usually given, it was at first referred to supcrciliosus
Say, but the thorax is not narrowed behind as in that species and
the elytra are jet black, not purplish. I have concluded, there-
fore, that it is but a sport of coraci>nix, with which it agrees in all
other respects.

P. lachrymosus Newm. and P. supcrciliosus Say, both 15 mm.
in length, very probably inhabit the State. The former has been
taken by Dury at Cincinnati and the latter in Michigan.

120 (546). PTEROSTICHUS STYGICUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, isu:;.

41 ; ibid. II, 407.

Closely allied to the preceding. Distinguished principally by the small
tubercle in the thoracic impressions ; carina of hind angles very short.
Elytral intervals more convex. Length 14-10 mm.

Very common throughout the State beneath logs, etc., in open
woods. March 31-October 20. The so-called "tubercle" is only
an elevated space between the two striae of the basal impression. It
is my opinion that a large series of specimens will show cot-acinus
to be only a form of stygicus, Say's name having priority.

127 (547). PTEROSTICHUS RELICTUS Newm., Entom. Mag.. V, 1838, 387.

Resembles both cnntcinus and 8t)i</icii#. Thorax longer, more distinctly
narrowed behind and without carina at bind angle or tubercle in basal im-
pressions, the latter, therefore, being single. Elytral stria 1 deeper, with
narrower, much more convex intervals. Length 10-17 mm.

Putnam. Vermillion, Vigo and Knox enmities: scarce. May 25-
September 18. Occurs beneath stones in deep ravines.

FAMILY IT. CARABID^E.

128 (555). PTEROSTICHUS PKRMTNPI s Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Sue., IV.
1834, 420; ibid. II. 540.

Elliptical or broadly oval. Black
or purplish, shining with iridescent
reflection ; antenna? and legs piceons.
Thorax broad, quadrate, a little nar-
rower at front than at base, side
margins narrow in front, wider, de-
pressed and punctured behind the
middle; basal impressions two on
each side, punctured, the outer very
short. Elytra 1 stria- not or very finely
punctured; the first dorsal puncture
on the third stria, the others on the
second. Length 12 14 mm. (Fig. 59. )

Described from Indiana. Oc-
curs frequently throughout the
southern half of the State be-
neath logs in open sandy woods.
Most co in in on in autumn.
March 31-October 20.

GKOUP C.

To this group belong large or
medium sized black, greenish or
bluish species having the side
pieces of metathorax long and
gradually narrowed from base to apex. The thorax varies much
in form, and its hind angles are never rounded. The dorsal punc-
tures range in number from three to six, and the inner wings are
.always present. Thirteen species comprise the group.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C.

. Three basal joints of antenna? distinctly carinate; basal impressions of
thorax double.

b. Legs black; dorsal punctures two; body above green or bronzed, pol-

ished ; under surface not punctured. 129. SAYI.

hb. Legs usually reddish; dorsal punctures four; body above green or
bluish, not polished ; under surface punctured.

130. LUCUBLANIH'S.

an. Basal joints of antenna? simple, not carinate; color black, rarely pur-
plish.

c. Dorsal punctures of elytra Iliree or four.

il. Mind angles \' thora.x carinate; basal impressions large and deep.

bistriate.

f. Thorax much narrowed behind, (be angles rectangular and promi-
nent,

Fig. 59. X 5. (After Forbes).

THE GROUND BEETLES. 95

f. Basal impressions not or very sparsely punctured: elytra iri-

descent, the strife fine; size larger. 14-16 mm.

131. EBENINUS.

f/. Basal impressions distinctly punctulate ; elytra! stria? deeper :
smaller, not over 11.5 mm. 132. CAUDICALIS.

ee. Thorax less narrowed behind, the angles small, rectangular, but
slightly prominent, impressions punctured.

g. Smaller, not over 10 mm. ; form slender. 133. LUCTUOSVS.
gg. Larger, 14-15 mm. : form broader. 134. CORVINUS.

(Id. Hind angles of thorax not carinate, basal impressions single.

h. Basal impressions wide and deep ; thorax strongly margined :

ligula obtusely carinate.

i. Size very large. 22 or more mm. ; surface but little polished.

female dull. 135. HALDEMANI.

U. Size smaller, not over 20 mm. ; surface polished, shining.

j. Elytral stria? deep, distinct to apex ; surface moderately

brilliant; size 16-20 mm. 136. TARTARICUS.

jj. Elytral strife fine, very faint towards apex ; surface very

brilliant: size 15 mm. 137. SCRUTATOR.

hh. Basal impressions linear ; thorax finely margined ; ligula not

carinate.
k. Color purplish; basal impressions not punctured.

138. PURPURATUS.

kk. Color black; basal impressions punctured. 139. MUTUS.

cc. Dorsal punctures of elytra five or six, large, deeply impressed.
/. Hind angles of thorax small, dentiform ; elytra black, shining.

140. PENNSYLVANICUS.

II. Hind angles obtuse; elytra dark reddish-brown, feebly bronzed.

141. LTJCZOTII.

129 (564). PTEROSTICHUS SAYI Brulle., Silb., Rev. Entom., Ill, 277.

Oblong, somewhat flattened. Bronzed or green above ; sometimes nearly
black; basal third of antenna? reddish-brown. Thorax a little wider than
long, feebly narrowed behind, more so in front ; margins not depressed ;
basal impressions deep, punctate, the outer much the shorter ; hind angles
rectangular. Elytral stria? deep, punctate. Length 10-12.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. March 19-October 20. Prob-
ably hibernates.

*130 (565). PTEROSTICHUS LUCUBLANDUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II.
1823. 55 ; ibid. I, 177 ; II, 478.

Resembles the preceding but less flat and without the brilliant polish
of surface. Color exceedingly variable, usually green or bluish. Thorax
wider, not narrowed behind ; margin wider, more reflexed, depressed near
the hind angles. Elytral stria? smooth, rarely finely punctate; intervals
subconvex, finely alutaceous. Length 10-14 mm. (Fig. 60.)

Very common throughout the State. February 21-September
22. Hibernates as imago. The dorsal punctures are usually four.
[723402J

96

FAMILY IT. C'A

located on third interval, one near end of scutellar stria, one just
behind thp middle, the other two on apical third. In one specimen

at hand there are six on each ely-
tron. those on the left all on third
interval; those on right, four in
regular position on third interval
and t wo on fifth, opposite the
hinder pair on third.

?:; 1.">1 <f><;8). PTEKOSTICHUS EBENINTS
Dej., Spec. Ill, isi'7.
307.

Elongate-oblong. Black or piceous.
shining; elytra more or less iridescent.
Thorax wider at apex than hase. sides
much rounded, sinuate near hind an-
gles. El.vtral strife shallow, very fine-
ly punctured : intervals flat. Length
:4-1G mm.

Lake, Fulton. Vigo and Knox
counties ; frequent. Usually found
lien oath logs and rubbish near

. GO. xoi (After Forbes.) water. Hibernates. February 23-

October 22. In this and the next three species the scutellar stria
is long and the elytra each have three dorsal punctures, the first
one on the third stria, the other two near the second stria behind
the middle.

'M.'iL! (."><;!>!. I'TKRosTiciirs cAfiticALis Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II.
ixi>:;, r.c,; ii.id. n. 4so.

Elongate, slender. Rlark, shining; antenna- reddish-brown, legs piceous.
Thorax shaped as in chcn /.<?. the margin more narrow, less retlexed at
base; impressions, as well as the space between them, sparsely and coarsely
punctured. Strife of elytra deeper, finely punctured. Length 10-11.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. March 19 October 17". Hi-

bernates.

133 (570). PTEROSTICHUS LCCTI osi s Dej.. Spec. 111. 1Xi_>7. 12*

Resembles r<iinlir<ilix but smaller and more slender. Thorax mure
quadrate, less narrowed behind. Elytra but little wider than thorax, the
stri;e deep, very finely punctured. Length 8-0 mm.

Throughout the State ; common in the northern counties, less so
in the southern portion. Occurs beneath rubbish, usually near
water. Mav 1<> -A iignsj 27.

THE GROVND I'.KKTLKS. 97

134 (571). PTKHO.STH'IH'S coi:\ 1 \ i ,-, IH-.J.. Spec. III. ISL'T, 2X1.

Elongate, more robust. Black, antenna^ and tarsi piceous. Thorax
rather short, sides rounded, not sinuate, hind angles very slightly promi-
nent or subobtuse; basal impressions very deep, sparsely and coarsely
punctured. Klytral stria- d'-t-p. nut <u \cr.v finely punctured. Length
13.5-15 nnn.

Frequent about the margins of lakes in the northern half of
the State; not yet 'taken in the southern half. May 5-October 29.

135 (572). I'TKKOSTK'Hi's HALDEMANI Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1848,

341.

Oblong, very robust, subdepressed. Black, elytra not shining; an-
tenna? and tarsi piceous. Thorax a little broader than long, narrowed be-
hind, sides scarcely sinuate, basal impressions not punctured. Elytral
striae narrow, deep, not punctured; intervals convex. Length 22-24 mm.

A southern form, rare in Indiana. Two specimens from mar-
gins of cypress swamp. Knox County. April 23-May 25. This
species and the next two were formerly classed under the genus
Lophoglossus Lee., distinguished by the ligula being obtusely cari-
nate for its whole length. They also have the thorax strongly re-
flexed, gradually wider behind, the front transverse line deep, dis-
tant from margin, the hind angles obtuse ; dorsal punctures three.

13(5 (573). PTEBOSTICHUS TAKTAUICTS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823, 44; ibid. II, 469.

Oblong, depressed. Black, shining, antenna 1 , tibia- and tarsi piceous.
Thorax with sides distinctly sinuate towards the base. Elytral stria? finely
and indistinctly punctate, intervals subconvex. .Male with sulmpical tooth
in inner surface of middle tibia- short, obtuse ; the apical process large,
acute. Length Ki-20 mm.

Throughout the western half of the State, common ; especially
so in sandy localities near water. Hibernates. April 17-Decem-
ber 28.

137 (574). I'TKKosTirm s sciu TATOK Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV, 1X48,
342.

Oblong, depressed. Black, very shining; legs and antenna- piceous.
Hind angles of thorax less prominent than in turtariciiN and elytra! stria-
differing as mentioned in key. Male with suhapiral tooth of middle tibia-
long and sharp; the apical process not distinct. Length 15-1(5 mm.

Cass County; rare. September 15. Two specimens taken by
Dr. Robert Hessler from a ditch dug about a burning peat bog near
Royal Center.

98 FAMILY IF. CARABID^,.

13S (577). PTEROSTicHL's PLRPURATLS Lee., Joum. Pliil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
II, 1853, 242.

Elongate, rather robust. Head and thorax black, shining ; elytra and
femora with a distinct purplish tinge; antennae and tarsi piceous. Thorax
subquadrate, but little narrowed behind, sides rounded, hind angles ob-
tuse. Elytral striae deep, not punctured ; intervals convex. Length 13-14 inin.

Knox arid Lawrence counties; rare. August 31-September 26.
This and the next species have the hind tarsi with three joints
grooved on the outer side ; the dorsal punctures three and the front
transverse line of thorax short and interrupted.

*189 (57S). PTEROSTICHUS MUTUS Say, Trans. Ainer.
Phil. Soc., II, 1S23, 44; ibid. II, 470.

Elongate, rather slender, subdepressed. Black, shin-
ing ; antennae and legs piceous. Thorax more evident-
ly narrowed at base, sides less rounded, hind angles
distinct. Elytral striae deep, finely punctured, inter-
vals subconvex. Length 10-12.5 mm. (Fig. 60a. )

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates.
Fig. eoa. (After Leng). April 8-December 18.

140 (580). PTEROSTICHUS PENNSYLVANICUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.

Sci., 1873, 314.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, very shining; palpi, tibiae and tarsi
dark reddish-brown. Side margins of thorax a little wider toward the
base, basal impressions linear with a few punctures. Elytral striae deep,
indistinctly punctured ; intervals slightly convex, the third with five large
punctures, the basal one near the third stria, the others on or near the
second. Length 11-12.5 mm.

A northern species taken in Lake County, near Pine; rare.
June 26.

141 (583). PTEROSTICHUS LUCZOTII Dej., Spec., Ill, 1827, 321.
Elongate-oval, rather slender, subdepressed. Head and thorax black ;

antennae, legs and elytra dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrowed behind :
sides oblique, narrowly depressed ; hind angles obtuse, basal impressions
sparsely punctured. Elytral striae finely punctured, the second and third
with five or six large, indented dorsal punctures placed somewhat alter-
nately; intervals nearly flat. Length 11-12.5 mm.

Steuben County ; rare. August 13. Four specimens were taken
from beneath leaves in a low wooded tract on the eastern border
of Clear Lake. A species of northern range.

GROUP D.

Three small species comprise this group. In addition to the
characters given in key to Groups, they have the side pieces of

THE GROUND BEETLES. 99

metathorax long; dorsal punctures three; hind tarsi with three or
four joints grooved on outer side ; basal impressions of thorax deep,
single ; wings wanting except in erytkropns.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D.

a. Scutellar stria wanting; thorax subquadrate, hind angles strongly
rounded. 142. EKVTHROPUS.

aa. Scutellar stria lung.

I). Elytral stria? not punctured; hind angles subrectaugular, slightly
prominent. 143. PATRUELIS.

lib. Basal half of elytral stria? punctured; hind angles obtuse.

144. FEMORALIS.

142 (585). PTEROSTICHUS ERYTHROPUS Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827,

240.

Elongate-oval. Black, strongly shining; antenna? and
legs reddish-brown. Thorax nearly square, sides feebly
curved, widely depressed near the hind angles, which are
strongly rounded; basal impressions and elytral striae not )
punctured. Length 8-8.5 mm. (Fig. 61.)

Throughout the State, frequent; usually beneath '
rubbish in sandy localities near water. Probably hi-
bernates. March 19-November 5.

143 (587). PTEROSTICHUS PATRUELIS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 759.

Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Black, feebly shining; antennae and
legs dark reddish-brown. Thorax feebly narrowed behind, sides mod-
erately rounded, basal impressions sparsely punctured. Elytral striae deep;
intervals nearly flat. Length 7.5 mm.

Throughout the State; more frequent in the northern half.
March 26-October 25.

*144 (588). PTEROSTICHUS FEMORALIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837,

31.

Resembles the preceding, but the form is less slender, the hind angles
of thorax more obtuse and the elytral striae finely punctured at least as
far as the middle. Length 7.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates as imago. Feb-
ruary 6-December 18.

XXV. EVARTHRUS Lec. 1852. (Gr., "good + joint")

Black beetles of medium or large size, possessing the characters
of the tribe Pterostichini as above given. Last joint of labial palpi
shorter than the next to last, the latter with several long setae in
front. Elytra with rounded humeri and one dorsal puncture, lo-
cated near the third stria just behind the middle. Hind tarsi not
grooved on outer side. Wings wanting; mandibles striate. Pro-
sternum not margined behind.

100 FAMILY IT. -- CARABIDJE.

f members of this genus resemble those of Pterostichus ;in<l
tire found in tin- same situations though less frequently. Of seven
.specimens dissected by Dr. Forbes, insects such as canker worms
and caterpillars had formed ("> per cent, of the food, so that they
may be elass"d as highly beneficial.

For literature treating of the genus see the first 1\vo papers by
I-eConte mentioned under /'/r/W/V/M'x, also the following:

LcCoiitc. "Synoptic Table" in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc... III.
1880, 21, 49. 73.

Wickliam. "Coleoptera of Northeastern America" in Journ.
N. Y. Ent. Soc., III. 1895. 189-1!<>.

Thirteen species of Evarthnis are known from the United
States. Of these, six have been taken in Indiana, while another
may occur.

KKV TO INDIANA SPl-X'IF.S OK KVAIiTI I li I ' S.

(i. Thorax subquadrate. l>ut little constricted nt l>;ise: prosternum deeph

sulcate.

/. Thorax wider th;iii long: scutellar stria wanting.
c. Stria? of elytra strongly punctured.

'/. Margin of thorax wide, especially at base. 14.1. SEXIMPKESSTS.
<1<1. Margin of thorax narrow, nearly uniform. 14o'. SIGILLATI s.

cc. Stri;e of elytra finely punctured. 147. AMERICAN: s

hl>. Thorax as long as wide; scutellar stria present, rather long.

14S. OKIJATI s.
mi: Thorax strongly constricted hehind : pnisternuiu t'eelily or olisoletely

sulcate.

'. Hind angles of thorax prominent: stria- of elytra line. COLOSSI'S.

cc. Hind angles of thorax shorter, less prominent: stria' of elytra deep.

/'. Sides of thorax much rounded. 14!). SODAI.IS.

ff. Sides of thorax less rounded, more oblique. 1 .">(). ITKTIVI s.

14"> (CIO). EVAKTHRTS SEX I Mi'iiKsscs Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1S4S.

850.

Elongate-oval. I'.lack. head and thorax feebly shining: ajiical hair
of antemue and tarsi reddish-br i\\ n : basal joints of antenna 1 , femora and
tibia- piceous. Thorax not punctate, sides rounded. Elytra very linely
alutaceous. o];Kiue; intervals tlat. Length 14.r-15.5 mm.

Southern half of State. fre(|uent: less so in the northern coun-
ties. April 29-November 19. Occurs mostly on dry wooded slopes
beneath logs and stones. In this and the next three species the
thorax has the hind angles obtuse and the sides not sinuate near
base.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 101

146 (Gil). EVAUTIIKIS SKJILIATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Sue.. II. ixi>:{.

42; ibid. II, 4GS.

Very close to xr.r/////>rrx.s-//x. Thorax with more narrow margin which
is not indexed or widened near base, the basal impressions more shallow.
Female dull black; male often more shining. Length 15-17 mm.

Southern half of State ; scarce. May 12-October 20.

147 (612). EVARTHRUS AMERICANUS Dej.. Spec. III. 1S27, 392.

Form proportionally broader than in the two preceding species. Thorax
with hind angles less obi use and elytra more linely punctured. Thorax
slightly narrowed in front, the margin tine, not retlexed. Elytra in both
sexes subopaque. Length 15-18 rum.

Crawford. Knox and Perry counties; scarce. May 15-Septem-
ber 10.

148 (613). EVARTHRUS ORBATUS Newm., Entoiii. Mag., V, 1838, 386.

Thorax not broader than long, slightly narrowed be-
hind, the margin narrow and scarcely reflexed ; hind an-
gles less strongly carinate. Elytra! strire deeper than in
the preceding species, rather finely punctate ; intervals
more convex. Length 15-17 mm. (Fig. 62.)

Marshall and Posey counties ; rare. April 10-
October 17.

E. colossus Lee.. 16-22 mm. in length, has l)een
taken in Kentucky and Illinois, and doubtless oc-
curs in southern Indiana. Fi g . 52

149 (620). EVAHTHRI-S SOUAUS Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1X48, 34'.).

Elongate-oblong. Dull black, the apical half of antennae and tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax suborbieular. the sides strongly rounded to near
base, then suddenly sinuate, the base much narrower than apex. Elytra
finely alutaceous. rather deeply striate, the stride coarsely punctured; in-
tervals subconvex. Length 15-17 mm.

Southern half of State, frequent; not yet taken in the northern
counties. April 3-September 16.

150 (621). P]\ r ARTiiiifs i-TKTivrs Lee., Joiirn. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., 1S52.

233.

Differs from .sw///\ in having the thorax more broadly and obliquely
rounded on the sides, \vhieli are but slightly sinuate near the hind angles.
Length 15-16.5 mm.

Throughout the State, frequent; less so northward. April 3-
September 27.

102 FAMILY IT. - O

XXVI. A MARA Bon. 1813. (Gr., "to shine.")

Black, brownish or bronzed beetles of medium size, possessing
the characters of the tribe PterosticMni as previously given. Form
usually oval or oblong, convex; last joint of labial palpi shorter
than the next to last, the latter with several seta? in front; thorax
usually wider than long and in most species as wide at base as
elytra, the latter without dorsal punctures. Males with the first
three joints of the front tarsi dilated, with two rows of scales be-
neath.

The genus is a large one and the species very difficult to sep-
arate by a table or key unless both sexes are present. Even then
a number of the species resemble one another so closely as to be
only doubtfully placed. Its members are, according to Dr. Forbes,
mainly vegetable feeders, though one of the larger ones, obesa, is
known to feed largely upon the eggs of locusts or grasshoppers.
They occur mostly in moist situations, beneath logs, stones, etc.,
and several species are known to hibernate as imagoes.

The following are the principal papers on the North American
species :

LeConte. "Notes on the Amane of the United States." in Proc.
Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VII, 1855. 346.

Horn. "Synoptic Tables." in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc., V.
1874, 127.

Horn.- "A Study of Amara," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIX,
1892, 19.

WickhamIn Journ. N. T. Ent. Soc., IV, 1896, 33.

Hay ward. "Studies in Amara." in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,
XXXIV, 1908, 13-66.

About 70 species are known from the United States. Of these
19 have been taken in Indiana, while two or three others probably
occur. For convenience the Indiana species are separated into
three groups, and these in turn into species.

KEY TO GEOTjPS OF INDIANA AMARA.

a. Thorax distinctly broader in front of than at the base, and usually more
or less cordiform. Group A.

aa. Thorax broadest at base, thence gradually narrowed to apex.

&. Hind tibia? pubescent on the inner side in the males. Group B.

&&. Hind tibire not distinctly pubescent on the inner side in the males.

Group C.
GKOUP A.

But five species, whose known range is such as to probably in-
clude Indiana, belong to this group. "With one exception they are

THE GROUND BEETLES. 103

our largest species, and are elongate-oblong and convex in form,
black or piceous in hue. usually strongly shining, rarely very feebly
bronzed. The apical spur of front tibiie is always simple and the
elytral stria? are punctured. It includes the Indiana representa-
tives of the subgenera Cyrtonotus, Leiocnemis and Brady tus of
Hay ward 's paper.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

(i. Prosternuin uut margined at tip; middle tibiae ot male with two teeth
on the inner side ; punctures on base of thorax limited to the im-
pressions. 151. PENNSYLVANIA.
mi. Prosteruum margined at tip: middle tibi;e of males not toothed.

1>. Hind tibhe of males not distinctly pubescent on the inner side;

thorax punctured from side to side at base. 152. AVIDA.

bit. Hind tibia? of males distinctly, usually densely pubescent on the

inner side; basal impressions of thorax broad, bifoveate, with few

or no punctures between them.

c. Scutellar stria very short or obsolete; side pieces of nietasternum
punctured. 153. EXAKATA.

cc. Scutellar stria long ; side pieces of nietasternum smooth.

(I. Prosternuni of male with a shallow sparsely punctured oval
space at middle, simple in the female; larger, 8.7-10.5 mm.

154. LATIOR.

'/'/. Prosteruum of male not punctured, but with a lengthwise groove,
more feebly grooved in female; smaller, 7-8 mm. SCHWARZI.

l.~)l '>4.V). AMARA PENNSYLVANIA Hayward, Trans. Anier. P]ut. Soc..

XXXIV, 1908, 34.

Elongate-oblong, moderately convex. Black or piceous. shining; an-
tenna? and legs rufous. Thorax less than one-half wider than long, slightly
wider at base than apex, widest a little in front of middle; hind angles
rectangular, carinate; basal impressions broad, deep, indistinctly bifoveate,
coarsely punctured. Elytral stri.-r punctured, more finely toward the apex.
Length 10-11.5 mm.

Southern half of State; frequent. Hibernates. February 26-
October 9. Listed as fulripcs Putz. but Hayward shows (his name
to have been preoccupied.

152 <r>23). AMARA AVIDA Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. III. 1X2:'.. 14S;
ibid. II. 95, 541.

Oblong, convex. Black or piceous, shining ; antennae and legs rufous.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, widest in front of middle, as wide
at base as apex; hind angles rectangular, not carinate, basal impressions
ill-defined: disk smooth at middle, sparsely punctate near apex, more
densely and coarsely across the base. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax,
the stria? deep, distinctly punctured, intervals convex. Length 8-9.5 mm.
(Fig. 63.)

Vigo and Floyd counties: scarce. April 2 6- June 23.

104

F .\.MILY II.-

LIRABIRSC.

ir,:t (040). AMARA EXARATA Dej., Spec., Ill, lS2s. r,o:>.

Oblong-oval, robust, very convex. Blackish-piceous, shining: antenna-
and legs reddish-brown, the former as long as the head and thorax. Thorax
subquadrate, about one-half wider than long, basal impressions brnad.
double, punctured; hind angles small, acute, very obtusely carinate. Elytra
slightly wider than thorax, the strhe deep, closely punctured. Length
S-lOruru. (Fig. 04.)

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 13-Xo-
vember 1 1 .

Via. 64. > 3}. lOritiin-.il).

Fig. 63. X 5. (After Smith.)

154 (047). AMARA LATIOK Kirby. Faun. I'.or. Amer.. IV. 1s:;i. :;<;.

Elongate-oblong, feebly convex. Piceous to black, often slightly bronzed,
surface finely alutaceous in females. Thorax about one-half wider than
long, not sinuate near base; hind angles subrectangular. very obtusely cari-
nate, basal impressions broad, bifoveate, punctate, the inner fovea longer
than the outer. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, rather deeply striate
the stria 1 finely punctured, indistinctly so on the apical half. Length
!>-10.5 mm.

One specimen from the margin of Lake Michigan near Millers.
Lake County. July 29. A member of the Alleghanian fauna
which probably occurs throughout the northern third of the State.

A. xchii-urzi Hayward, usually listed as s< />/< iifrioiialix Lee., was
described from Lake Superior and may also occur in northern In-
diana.

GROUP B.

To this group belong nine medium-si/ed oval, black or pieeous.
and usually bronzed-shining species. The antenmv are black or
pieeous with the Iwo 1o four basal joints paler. The elytra are
rarely, and then only slightly, wider than the thorax at base and

THE GROUND BEETLES. 105

their stria 1 are distinctly punctured in hut one of the nine, while
the hind angles of thorax are never carinate. The group includes
the subgenera Trice na and Amara of Hayward's paper.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP B.

(/. Apical spur of front tibia? triiid ; scutellar stria <it' elytra terminating
in an ocellate (eye-like) puncture at base; antenu;e with the three
or four basal joints pale.

h. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, its hind angles obtuse; fourth

joint of antenna- in great part pale. 155. ANGUSTATA.

lib. Thorax narrowed from slightly behind the middle to apex, hind

angles sharply rectangular; fourth joint of anteimse in great part

piceous. PALLIPES.

a<i. Apical spur of front tibia' simple.

<: Basal joints of antenna:* not carinate; prosternuni of male not punc-
tured.

(I. Scutellar stria terminating in an ocellate puncture: femora piceous
or dark reddish-brown. tibi.-e and tarsi paler.

156. JMPfNCTICOLLIS.

ild. Sciitellar stria without ocellate puncture.

c. Elytra 1 stn;<> punctured; base of thorax tinely punctured.

I.".!. liASII.LAIUS.

cc. Klytral stria' not or obsoletoly innictured : base of thorax smooth.
f. Thorax narrowing from basal angles to apex; form broad, ro-
bust : terminal spur of front tibia 1 stouter than usual.

CBASSISPINA.

/'/. Thorax narrowing from in front of base; form oblong-oval:
terminal spur of front tibue normal. 15.S. CUPREOLATA.

<<: Antenna 1 with basal joints 1' and :t carinate above.

.'/. Scutellar stria ending ii, an <.;-el!ate puncture. 15!i. FALLAX.

'/.'/. Scutellar stria without puncture.

//. Basal impressions of thorax very faint; larger, 7.5-0 mm.

160. PROTENSA.

////. Basal impressions of thorax distinct, the outer oblique; smaller,
6-7 mm. 161. POLITA.

15. r > (651). AMARA ANGUSTATA Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II. 1S23, 36:
ibid. II, 46::. 542.

( )val. convex. Black, bronzed, shining : legs dull reddish-yellow. Thorax
one-half wider than long, hind angles obtusely rounded, outer basal impres-
sion obsolete, the inner small, sparsely or not at all punctured. Elytra
not wider than thorax, gradually narrowed from the base; surface finely
alutaceous. the stri-e not punctured, or sparsely punctate at base; scutellar
stria ending in a large eve-like puncture. Length 6-7.5 mm.

Common in southern half of the State; less so in the north.
April 10-JiiPo :'(!-. (hi the first warm days <>f early spring this spe-
cies and the next arc often found miming rapidly about near the
liases of trees and stumps in open woodland pastures.

106

FAMILY IT. CARABID.E.

Fig. 65. X 4*. (Original.)

(657). AMARA IMPUNCTICOLLIS Say, Trans. Ainer.
Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 36; ibid. II, 463,
542.

Oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed, often with a faint
greenish tinge ; femora piceous, tibiae and tarsi paler.
Thorax subquadrate, narrowed from slightly behind
middle to apex; surface smooth; inner basal impres-
sion often evident, not punctured, outer one obsolete.
Elytra as wide at base as thorax, striae shallow, not
punctured ; a single large puncture at junction of sec-
ond and sutural striae. Length 7-9 mm. (Fig. 65.)

Throughout the State ; common. Probably hi-
bernates. March 12-Oetober 21. The females
have the upper surface alutaceous.

*157 (659). AMARA BASILLARIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 35;

ibid. II, 462, 542.

Oblong-oval, convex. Blackish-bronzed or purplish-black, shining ; legs
reddish-brown, the femora darker. Thorax subquadrate, nearly twice as
wide as long, narrowed from about the middle to apex ; basal impressions
double, with numerous distinct punctures, the inner longer than the outer.
Elytral striae rather deep, punctured. Length 7-8.5 mm.

Vigo County: rare. January 13. Taken from beneath mullein
leaves.

158 (661). AMAEA curBEOLATA Putz., Mem. Liege, I. 1866, 180.
Oblong-oval, convex. Bronzed or purplish-black, shining, the females

lint'ly alutaceous; antenna? and legs piceous. Thorax one-half wider than
long, narrowed from about one-third in front of base and rounded to apex:
basal impressions feeble or wanting ; hind angles obtusely rounded, the
puncture near them distant from side margin and much nearer the basal.
Elytra not wider than thorax, subparallel to behind the middle, the striae
not or very finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm.

Throughout the State; our most common species. March 4-
July 24. Resembles impuncticollis but readily distinguished by the
lack of ocellate puncture at base of scutellar stria.

159 (664). AMARA FALLAX Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, I\ 7 , 1848, 362.

Oval, moderately convex. Blackish-bronzed, shining in males, alu-
taceous in females; under surface and femora black, tibia? and tarsi dark
reddish-brown. Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed from
slightly in front of base to apex, basal impressions indistinct, hind antrlos
rectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, stria? not punctured : tlu 1
ocellate puncture at junction of scutellar and second stria smaller than in
impuncticollis. Length 7.5-9.5 mm.

Lake, Laporte. Marion, Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce. March
26-May 28. Distinguished from impuncticollis only by carinate
basal joints of antennae and th< j more broadly rounded tip of pro-
sternum.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 107

160 (GOT). AMARA PROTENSA Putz.. Mem. Liege, 1. 1866, 183.

Obloiig-ov.il, moderately convex. Purplish-black or bronzed, alutaceous
in both sexes, more strongly in females ; antennae and legs piceous ; under
surface black. Thorax two-thirds wider than long, very distinctly wider
at base than apex ; basal impressions very faint, not punctured ; hind angles
subrectangular. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely striate, the stria;
smooth. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.

Laporte County ; rare. May 20. A species of northern range
which probably occurs throughout the northern third of the State.

161 (668). AMARA POLITA Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 364.

Oval, moderately convex. Bronzed or blackish-bronzed, shining, often
with a bluish tinge; femora black, tibia- and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax
nearly twice as wide as long, narrowed from about one-third in front of
base, hind angles rectangular; basal impressions small, deep, not punctured.
Elytra very slightly wider than thorax, the strhe smooth. Length 6.2-7 mm.

Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. March 26-June 26. Easily
recognized by the carinate antenna 3 , oblique outer basal depression
of thorax and smaller size.

A. pallipes Kirby. 5.5-8 mm., and A. crassispina Lee., 7.2-9 mm.
in length, are members of the boreal fauna ranging from Massa-
chusetts to Lake Superior and Wisconsin, and probably occur 'in
the northern counties of Indiana.

GROUP C.

This group of eight species comprises the Indiana members of
the subgenus Celia and includes our largest and smallest species of
Amara. For the most part they are oval, brown or piceous, rarely
bronzed species, having the thorax broadest at base, the hind tibiae
never pubescent on inner side in males, and the ocellate puncture
at base of scutellar stria always lacking.

KEV TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.

. Antennae and legs piceous black.

l>. Elytra strongly alutaceous, the intervals more or less uneven.

162. INTERSTITIALIS.

bb. Elytra shining; intervals flat, smooth and even. 163. ERRATICA.

no. Antenna? pale, legs usually so.

c. Size very large for the genus, 9-12 mm.; prostenmm with a number

of 'setae (bristly hairs) at tip. 164. OBESA.

cc. Size medium or small, not over 8 mm. : prosteruum with either two

setae or none at tip.
d. Prosternum of male with an irregular group of small punctures

near the middle.

e. Sides of thorax distinctly flattened : prostemnm with two seta-
at tip; reddish-brown, the males shining.

165. REMOTKSTRIATA.

108 FAMILY IT. OA

ee. Sides of thorax not flattened ; prosternum without sefee; piceous,

shining. 166. CHALCEA.

<ld. Prosternum of male smooth as in the females and without setje :

sides of thorax not flattened.

/'. Elytral stria? tine, the intervals fiat ; thorax distinctly emarginate

at apex. 167. SUB^NEA.

ff. Elytral strife deep, the intervals convex; thorax nearly truncate

at apex.

<j. Form oblong; hind angles of thorax much rounded; sides of
metasteruum coarsely punctate ; larger, 6-7 mm.

168. KUBKICA.

</</. Form more oval: hind angles suhrectangular nr ohtnse; me-
tasternum smooth : smaller, not over 5.5 mm.

169. MUSCULUS.

162 (670). AMARA INTERSTITIALIS Dej.. Sp. Gen. III. 1828. 472.
Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Color variable; brownish-bronze to

green, cupreous or nearly black. Thorax less than twice as wide at base
as long, apex feebly emarginate, hind angles rectangular: basal impressions
usually distinct but shallow, the outer oblique, the inner short, not punc-
tured. Elytral stria' with very line, indistinct punctures; intervals more
or less convex with undulating surface. Length 7-9 mm.

A species of northern range, rare in Indiana. A single speci-
men was taken in Vigo County from beneath drift in a swamp.
Several others were obtained n^ar Hessvillc and Wolf Lake, Lake
County, by Wolcott. March 26-May 26.

163 ('669). AMAKA KKKATICA Sturm, Deutsche Ins.. VI. 55.
Elongate-oval. Bronzed-cupreous or nearly black, shining: antenna-

piceous black, the two basal joints often reddish: under surface and legs
piceous, shining. Thorax not twice as wide at base as long at middle, sides
narrowing to front, hind angles rectangular: basal impressions very feeble,
the outer usually the smaller and obliquely placed: surface rarely slightly
punctate near the inner depression. Elytra finely striate, the stria? finely
but distinctly punctured: intervals fiat or slightly convex, alutuceous in
female. Length 6-7.5 mm.

Lake County; scarce. March 26-June 26. A circumpolar spe-
cies which finds its southern limit in the transition life zone of
northern Indiana. Although Horn says in his key that the surface
is not alutaceous it is distinctly so in the female.

Ki4 ;74l. A.MAKA OP.KSA Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. So<-.. II.

1S2.",. .".7: ibid. II. 464.

oblong-oval, robust, not very convex. Piceous black, shin-
ing; elytra opaque in female: antenna' and legs reddish-
brown. Thorax one-half broader than long, hind angles
rectangular; basal impiv^si: us double, finely punctate, the
M \ outer deeper and with an cxlt'i-nal carina. Elytral strite
more deeply impressed al apex, very finely punctured. Length

I'll', fio. X 2.

i After Rilcy > 9-12 rnm. (Fig. 66.)

THE GROTND BEETLES. 109

Lake County, frequent along the south shore of Lake Michigan;
also taken in Lagrange and Marion counties. June 15-October 28.
Probably occurs throughout the State.

l<;f> (tiTN). AMAKA KK.MO'I KSTKIATA De.j.. Sp. <!en.. 111. 1828, 4111.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Reddish-brown or slightly piceous,
males shilling, females dull : antenna- and legs pale reddish yellow. Thorax
one-halt' broader at b.ise than long, hind angles sharply rectangular; basal
impressions double, shallow, sparsely and coarsely punctate, the outer some-
what triangular, the inner linear. Elytral stria- tine, smooth or very finely
punctate; intervals tlat. Length 0.5 s mm.

Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. April 20-September 21.

100 (077). AMARA CHALCEA Dej., Spec. (Ten.. III. 18128, 470.

Form more broadly oval and more convex than the next. Piceous,
shining, surface slightly bronzed ; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Thorax
nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, hind angles rectangular;
basal impressions double, rather large and deep, sparsely and rather coarse-
ly punctured. Elytral stria- nut punctured ; intervals Hat. Length 0.5-7 mm.

Vigo County; rare. April 17.

107 (082). AMAKA SUB.*; NBA Lee., Agass. Lake Sup.. 18."0. 20>.

Oblong-oval. 1'iceotis or dark reddish-brown, faintly bronzed, shining;
antenna* and legs dark reddish-yellow. Thorax about one-hall wider at
base than long at middle, distinctly narrowed at apex, front angles distinct,
hind angles rectangular; basal impressions rather deep, the inner larger,
sparsely and coarsely punctured. Elytral stria- finely and creuately punc-
tured. Length 5.5-0.5 mm.

A northern form, known from Indiana by a single specimen
taken by Wolcott near Clarke Junction, Lake County, June 24.

108 (081). AMARA KIBRKA Ha Id.. I'roc. 1'hil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I. - , 301.

Oblong, moderately convex. Reddish to chestnut-brown, shining; an-
tenna? and legs paler. Thorax not twice as wide as long, hind angles very
obtuse; basal impressions shallow, usually punctured. Elytra slightly wider
at. base than thorax, stria* finely, crenately punctured; intervals convex.
Length 0-7 mm.

Southern third of State ; scarce. May 6-October 9.

10<> (083). AMARA MUSCTLUS Say. Trans. Amer. I'hil. SIM.-.. II. 1823, 35;
ibid. II. 402.

Oblong-oval. Piceous or dark reddish-brown, shining; antemue and
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half wider than long, distinctly nar-
rowed in front; basal impressions almost obliterated, sparsely punctate or
smooth. Elytral stria- as in niliricii, which species it cl isely resembles and
from which it is best separated by its smaller size and lack of punctures
on sides of metasternuni- Length 5-5.5 mm.

110 FAMILY If. CABABIIX3C.

Our smallest member of the genus; common throughout the
State. Often found in autumn on flowers of goldenrod (Soli-
dago}. April 4-October 27.

XXVII. LOXANDRUS Lee. 1852. (Gr., "oblique + male.")

Flattened, elongate-oblong or oval, black or piceous beetles of
medium or small size, possessing the characters of the tribe Pteros-
tichini. Differing from Pterostichus and allied genera by having
the front tarsi of males obliquely dilated; mandibles not striate;
mentum tooth emarginate. The thorax is scarcely or not at all
narrowed behind and has the basal impressions single, linear and
straight and the front transverse line distinct, very close to the
apical margin. The wings are always present and there is one
dorsal puncture on the third interval just behind the middle. Al-
though they are shining and often more or less iridescent, they arc
rarely with color markings other than the piceous or yellow shades
of the antenna 1 and legs, and, as a result, are very difficult of sep-
aration. They live beneath stones, logs and bark, especially that
of oak. usually in damp locations, and when uncovered run very
swiftly. The following are the principal papers treating of the
genus :

LeConte. "Synopsis." in Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,
1852, 250.

l.i Co nte. "Synoptic Table." in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII.
875; and in Bull. Brook. En torn. Soc.. Ill, 1880, 19.

About twenty species are known from the United States, six of
which have been taken in Indiana, while another may occur. They
belong to that division of the family in which the side margin of
the thorax is not flattened toward the hind angles.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF l.OXANDKl'S.

a. Larger, 9-13 inrn.

l>. Legs, or at least the tibi.-e and tarsi, reddish-brown : elytra 1 stria 1

punctate.
<: Thorax one-half wider than long: length 11.f>-1."> nun.

170. RECTUS.

a-. Thorax very slightly wider than long; femora often pice >us ; length
0-10 mm. 171. MINOR.

l>h. Legs wlvlly black or picerus : elytral strire not punctate.
il. Thorax wider than long, its hind angles rectangular.

172. BREVICOI.US.

ihl. Thorax longer than wide, bind angles obtuse. 17.">. KKRATICI s.

mi. Smaller, not over 7.7 mm.

<. Elytra uniform black or piceous; legs pale to dark reddish-brown.

174. AGII.IS.

THE GROUND BEETLES. Ill

tr. Elytra with a common sutural reddisn spot behind the middle.

/. Legs dull yellow; hind angles rounded at tip. 175. VELOX.

ff. Legs dark ; hind angles not rounded. CELEK.

*17<> (694). LOXANDRUS RECTUS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 182.3, 58;

ibid. II, 481, 534.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining ; antennae, palpi and legs red-
dish-brown. Thorax nearly as broad as elytra; sides feebly curved; basal
impressions deep, not punctured. Elytral stria- deep, finely punctured on
their sides; intervals convex. Length 11.5 mm.

Vigo County; rare. January 7. A member of the Austrori-
parian fauna.

171 699). LOXANDRUS MINOR Chaud., Bull. Mosc., IV, 1843, 766.

Black or piceous, iridescent, shining: antenna*, tibia-
and tarsi dark reddish-brown. Thorax narrower than
elytra, very slightly wider than long; sides feebly curved,
hind angles obtuse, with the extreme tip rounded. Ely-
tral strife shallow, very finely punctured; intervals sub-
convex. Length 9-10 mm. (Fig. 67.)

Southern hall" of State, frequent; Kosciusko
County only in the north. April 20-October 20.
Occurs in sandy localities near water. The legs of
this species vary in hue, being usually wholly red-
dish-brown ; sometimes, however, the femora (and F
rarely the tibiie") are piceous. From brevicollis and (Original.)

and erratic-us the individuals with dark legs can be distinguished
by their smaller size and by the minute elongate punctures at the
bottom of the striae.

Ill* (698). LOXANDRUS BREVICOLLIS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV. 1848, 338.

Black, iridescent, shining ; antenna?, tibia? and tarsi dark reddish-
brown, femora piceerus. Thorax subquadrate, nearly as broad as elytra ;
sides curved to behind middle, thence oblique to base; basal impression-
wider and more shallow than in rectus. Elytral striae shallow; intervals
fiat. Length 11-12 mm.

Cypress swamp, Knox County, and near mouth of White River,
Gibson County ; rare. April 30-July 6. Also a species of south-
ern range.

17;: (700). LOXANDRUS ERRATICUS Dej. Spec.. Ill, 1828, 240.

Black, shining, iridescent; antenna- dark reddish-brown, the two basal
joints paler. Thorax subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, basal impres-
sions rather shallow. Elytral stria- not or very obsoletely punctured; in-
tervals subconvex. Length 9-10.5 mm.

Fulton and Knox counties; rare. May 20-August ^1.
[823402]

]12 FAMILY II. CARABID.i:.

*174 (Tii'Jl. L< >x. \.\i>urs AGILIS Dej.. Spec. III. 1s^s. 1M4.

Black in' piceons. shining, feebly iridescent; antenna' dusky, the basal
joint paler; legs pale ti dark reddish-brown. Thorax subiiuadrate. as wide
as king; sides more strongly curved than in minor: basal impressions large,
sparsely and finely punctate, hind angles rounded. Elytral stria* finely but
distinctly punctate: intervals subconvex. Length r>..~>-7 nun.

Fulton. Vigo and Dubois counties ; scarce. January 7 -August
20. Occurs under bark of oak stumps and logs.
17.~> ( 707 I . LOXAXDRUS VELOX De.j.. Spec. III. isiis, 1*45.

Black or piceuus. shining; three basal joints of antenna' reddish-yellow,
remainder darker. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved,
basal impressions narrow. Elytral stri-e distinctly punctured; intervals
flattened. Length 5-<! mm.

Marion. Vigo. Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. Jan-
uary 7-October 23. The reddish-yellow sutural spot near apex is
sometimes indistinct.

L. <<!< r Dej., 6-7 mm. in length, is known from Illinois, Florida
and Texas, and probably occurs in the southern third of Indiana.

Tribe VII. LK'IXIM.

Antenna' moderately long, arising from beneath a distinct fron-
tal plate, two or three basal joints glabrous; head short, with two
seta- above the eyes; labrum short, emarginate, longitudinally im-
pressed: mandibles stout, more or less curved, mentum deeply
emarginate. without a tooth. Thorax with one (rarely two) bris-
tle-bearing punctures on the side and one near the hind angles.
Body not pedunculate. Elytra striate, margined at base, not in-
terrupted on the margin. Hind coxa 1 contiguous; front tibia? deep-
ly emarginate on inner side. Males with two or three joints of
front tarsi rather broadly dilated, spongy pubescent beneath and
ciliate at the sides.

Four genera represent the tribe in the United States, three of
which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA OKNKKA OF LICININI.

. Antenna' with three basal joints entirely glabrous; size medium in-
large. 10 or more mm.

}>. Elytra with one dorsal puncture on the third interval (except in
olituxin '. eighth and ninth stria' very close.

XXVIII. DIPLOCHM.A.

lilt. Elytra without dorsal puncture; eighth and ninth stria* well sep-
arated. XXIX. DIC.EI.I s.
mi. Antenna 1 with only two basal joints glabrous: si/e small, not over 7
mm.; third interval with two dorsal punctures. XXX. BADISTE::.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 113

XXVIII. DIPLOCHIL.A Brulle. 1835. (dr., "double + Up.")

Smooth black beetles of small or medium size. Elytra usually
with one dorsal puncture near the middle of the third interval, the
apex feebly sinuate. They live beneath stones and rubbish, usually
in damp places. Three species and two varieties are known from
the United States, all of which occur in Indiana. The following
table is based on that of Dr. Horn in Bull. Brooklyn Entomological
Society, III, 1880, p. 52 :

KEY TO SPEl'IKS OF DIPLOCHILA.

<i. Hind angles of thorax distinct.

I). Seventh stria of elytra feeble or almost obsolete; base of thorax

broader than apex.

c. Smaller, 13-15 mm. 170. LATICOLUS.

cc. Larger, IS or more mm. 17<>a. var. MAJOR.

hh. Seventh stria about as distinct as sixth ; thorax less narrowed in

front, base more narrowed, scarcely broader than apex.
(I. Klytral intervals all black. 177. iMi'KKssiroLus.

<ld. Alternate elylral intervals reddish-purple.

177a. var. ALTERNA.NS.

mi. Hind angles of thorax obtusely rounded: elylral stria 1 finer, seventh
almost obsolete; length 11-12 mm. 17S. OBTUSA.

*17<; (710). iHPLocmr.A LATH 01. us Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1S4S.

319.

Black, feebly shining; antenna- and tarsi dark brown, the basal joints
of both piceous. Thorax one-halt wider than long; sides curved to behind
middle, thence oblique to base; hind angles rectangular. Elytra finely
alutaceous. the stria* shallow, not or very faintly punctured; intervals flat.
Length 13-15 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. February fi-Oetober 9. Some-
times attracted by electric lights.

176a (710a). DIPLOCHILA LATICOLLLS MAJOR Lee., lot-, cit. 31S.

In addition to its larger size, this form lias the basal impressions ei'
thorax broader and more shallow, the elytra 1 stria* finely but distinctly
punctate, the seventh fainter, often wholly obsolete. Length 1X-20 mm.

Throughout the State; common. March 18-Octobi'r 27. Usually
considered a variety of laticnllix, but probably distinH.

177 (711). IMI'LOCHILA IMPRKSSK'OLLIS I>ej.. Spec. V. 1X3(1. liXL'.

Black. Apex of thorax less narrowed than in Intirollix. nearly as
broad as base. Elytral stria 1 dee]>er. ratlier coarsely punctured: intervals
more convex. Length Id 17

Lake. Laportc and Vigo couiilics; scarce. March IS-.July 7.

114 FAMILY II.- CAKABID.E.

177a ( ). DIPLOCHILA IMPRESSICOI.LIS ALTERNANS Casey.

Differs from typical impressicollis only as shown in table. Size tbe
same.

Vigo and Lake counties; rare. May 30-June 7.

178 (712). DIPLOCHILA OUTUSA Leo., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848. 320.

Black, feebly shining ; antenna? reddish-brown ; tibitie and tarsi piceous.
Thorax nearly one-half wider than long, base wider than apex, sides feebly
curved, basal impressions deep. Elytral striae not punctured ; intervals
feebly convex, the third without dorsal puncture. Length 11-12 mm.

Rare; two specimens from Vigo County. April 11.

XXIX. DIOELUS Bon. 1813. (Gr., ''two + pitted.")

Black, violet or bronzed-purple beetles of large size, possessing
the characters of the tribe Licinini as above given. From allied
genera they are separated by the absence of dorsal punctures and
by having three joints of the antenna? smooth. In our specias the
elytra are deeply striate, with the seventh interval carinate from
the humerus to a varying distance, and with the eighth and ninth
stria? well separated. The generic name refers to the impressions
near base of thorax. Their food has been shown by Dr. Forbes to
be wholly of insect origin, thus proving their beneficial habits. They
occur beneath logs and stones, usually in high, dry, open woods.
Seventeen species are known from the United States. Of these
nine have been taken in Indiana, while another perhaps occurs.
For literature see :

Horn. " Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., Ill,
1880, 51.

Wicfcham. "Coleoptera of Northeastern America," in Journ.
X. Y. Entom. Soc.. IV, 1896, 44.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIC^ELUS.

n. Elytral intervals very irregular, interrupted by large punctures.

179. SCULPTILIS.

</'/. Elytral intervals regular, not interrupted.

l>. Thorax distinctly narrower at apex than base.
f. Elytra not uniform black : length 18-i!. r . mm.

'/. Elytra violaceous or purplish. I* 1 *. PVRPI KATTS.

'//. Elytra brilliant brassy or cupreous. SPLENDIDUS.

cc. Elytra black.

e. Intervals of elytra alternately broader and more convex; hu-
meral carina very long. 181. FTJRVUS.
c'e. Intervals of elytra equal.

/. Two bristle-bearing punctures on margin of thorax near mid-
dle: form nmderalely elongate, the elytral intervals equal.

182. ELONGATUS.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

115

//. One bristle-bearing puncture on margin of thorax near middle.
g. Smaller, 15-16 mm. ; basal transverse impression of thorax
feeble. 183. OVALIS.

Oft. Larger, 20-25 mm. ; basal transverse impression distinct.
/(. Form elongate ; margin of thorax reflexed near base.

184. AMBIGL'US.

hh. Form broad ; sides of thorax not or but slightly reflexed
near base ; elytral intervals rather narrow, convex ; hu-
meral carina two-thirds the length of elytra.

185. DILATATUS.

bl>. Thorax as wide or wider at apex than base.

i. Surface scarcely shining ; thorax decidedly narrowed behind.

186. TETER.

ii. Surface shining; thorax nearly square, not narrowed behind; hu-
meral carina very short. * 187. POLTTTTR.

179 (722). DIC^LUS SCULPTILIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.

Soc., II, 1823, 68 ; ibid. I, 53.

Broad, subconvex. Black, shining ; antenna? piceous, paler
at tip. Thorax very slightly widest at base, the margin
broad ; disk finely alutaceous. minutely rugose, not punctate.
Readily known by the rough upper surface of the elytra.
Length 17-19 mm. (Fig. 68.)

Southern portion of State, scarce; not taken north
of Wayne and Fountain counties. April 17-October
Ifi. O POUT'S most commonly in low. damp woods.

Fig. 68.
(After Say.)

\

ISO (718). DICVELUS PUBPUBATUS Bon., Mem. Ac. Tor., 1813, 447; Say, I, 5.1.
Purplish or violaceous, without brassy tinge; antennae
< as in all the succeeding species) piceous at base, grad-
ually paler to apex; legs black. Thorax with fine, wavy
transverse lines. Elytra alutace ms, the striae deep; in-
tervals very convex. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig. 69.)

This large beetle is one of the most handsome of
our Carabidop. It occurs frequently in southern
Indiana, but in the north has been taken only in
Kosciusko County. April 6-August 11.
Fig. 69. (After Say.) D. splendidus Say, 18-25 mm. in length, occurs
in Illinois and possibly in western Indiana.

181 (723). DIC.ELUS FUKVUS Dej.. Spec., II. 1826, 388.

Short and rather broad. Blackish, opaque or feebly shining. Thorax
as in purpuratus, the median line feeble, the margins but slightly reflexed.
Elytra minutely granulate ; the interval between the fifth and sixth striae
with several punctures near the base. Length 15-16 mm.

Putnam, Vigo, Dubois, Posey and Dearborn counties; scarce.
March 25-September 16. The humeral carina extends almost to
apex and unites at tip with the fifth interval.

116 FAMILY II. CAEAHIIVr:.

182 (726). DIC^SLUS ELONGATUS Bon., Menu Ac. Tor., 1813, 447.

Much more elongate. Black, shining. Thorax with deep, distinct
median line and two bristle-bearing punctures on sides just in front of the
middle. Elytra granulate and punctate as in furviis, the strue deep; in-
tervals convex; humeral carina reaching beyond middle. Length 15-18 mm.

*

Throughout the State; common. April 9-October 17.

183 (725). DIC.KLUS OVALIS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1N4S. :',27.
Short, rather broad. Black, feebly shining. Thorax with median line

very distinct, deeper near bast- and apex. Elytra 1 strife deep; humeral
carina reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 15 16 mm.

Kosciusko, Vigo and Crawford counties ; scarce. May 17-Octo-
ber 27. This species is of the same form and size of furi'us, but is
easily distinguished by the equal elytra! intervals.

154 (727). DKVELVS AMi;u;rrs Lai'.. Kev. /oo].. 1S41. 4S.

Elongate, subparallel. Black, more >r less shining. Sides of thorax
more strongly retlexed than in any of the preceding species. Elytral stri;e
deep; intervals quite convex: humeral carina not reaching middle. Length
1!) -22 mm.

Frequent in the southern portion of State, as far north as Ver-
inillion County. April !)-Oetober li.

155 (715). DicvELrs DILATATUS Say, Trans. Amer. 1'liil. Soc.. II. 1N23. 6,s ;

ibid. I, 53.

Bro;id. very robust. Black, dull or very feebly shining.
Tln.rax with the margins but little retlexed: transverse

basal impression very deep. Elytral stria' deep, broad.

ohsnleteiy punctured toward the tip: humeral carina

reaching two-thirds to apex. Length 20-25 mm. (Fig.
70. I

Southern half of Slate, frequent ; not taken north
of Vigo C-mntv. April 18-Otober 21. Our larg-

Fie. 70. (After Say.) ^ mem j )er () f f} le geilUS.

186 (728). Dic.Ei.rs TETER Bon.. Mem. Ac. Tor.. 1813. 44! .

Elongate, rather slender. Black, feebly shining. Thorax broadest in
front of middle: margins strongly re-flexed, transverse basal impression ex-
tending almost from middle to base. Elytral stria- deep, intervals very con-
vex ; humeral carina reaching to middle. Length 20-22 mm.

Crawford County: rare. May IS. On account of the form of
the thorax, this species has the u'eiieral appearance of a l'l< rosticli M.S.
1X7 (72!D. iMc.Ki.i s i-oi.iTUS De.j.. Spec.. II. ISl'C,. :',!H.

Elongate-oblong. Black, strongly shining. Thorax subnuadrate. a lit-
tle longer than wide, apex and base equal. Elytra regularly and deeply
st riate. Lengl li 11 14 mm.

Sonllicni half of Slate, frequent: Kosciusko County only in
Ilie nortli. April il-Sepfomher G. Our smallest s|ecies. Resem-

THE C4ROUND BEETLES. 117

bles rici-oslic-'kuK jH'rnni i/diis, but easily distinguished by tin 1 lack
of dorsal punctures.

XXX. BADISTER Clairv. 1806. (Gr., "a fast walker.")

Small piceous, brownish or spotted beetles, possessing the char-
acters of the tribe Licinim. but having only the two basal joints oi'
antenna^ entirely glabrous; the elytra with the eighth and ninth
stria? well separated and the tips not sinuate. They occur beneath
stones and logs, usually singly and in damp localities, and are com-
paratively rare. The following papers are cited for students in-
terested in the North American forms :

LeConte. "Short Studies of North American Coleoptera, " in
Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc., VIII. 1880, 165.

LeConte. "Synoptical Table," in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., V,
1882, 7.

Eleven species are known i'rom the Tinted States. Of these
five have been taken in Indiana. Two others may also occur, while
a new form is herewith described.

KEY' TO INDIANA Sl'KClKS OK I!.\ DISTKU.

r/. Elytral stria: 1 deep, the intervals narrow. <-,;uvex ; ;intrmi;i v and legs
reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown, darker behind.

INS. NOTATIS.

an. Elytral stri;e shallow, interval* flat or nearly so.
l>. Elytra spotted.

r. Thorax, legs aud elytra yellow: elytra with a broad middle band,
interrupted at the suture, and an apical spot, black, iridescent.

181). PULCHELLUS

cc. Thorax black, legs and basal third of elytra orange; apical two-
thirds of elytra black with an orange spot near apex.

I'.MI. MACfLATl'S.

lilt. Elytra not spotted, sometimes bicolored.

(1. Thorax and legs dull brownish-yellow : elytra piceous. margined
at sides, base and suture with yellowish-brown: length .">..">-('> mm.

OBTUSUS.
dil. lilack or piceous. legs yellow.

c. Hind angles of thorax very much rounded: length mm.

FLAVIPES.

cc. Hind angles obtuse, not or feebly rounded.

/'. Head as broad as thorax: margins of latter of same color as
disk. 191. LATICEPS.

/'/'. Head narrower than thorax : margins of latter paler than disk,
y. Larger. .">-<; mm.: margins of thorax narrow, not more re-
flexed towards the base. l'.2. MICANS.
ij!l. Smaller, not over -1 mm.; margins of thorax wider and more
rctlexed towards the base. 193. KKKI.KXTS.

118

FAMILY II.- CAEABID^E.

188 (731). BADISTER NOTATLS Haiti.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 299.

Elongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax black, shining ; color other-
wise as given in key. Thorax obcordate ; hind angles obtuse ; basal impres-
sions deep, linear; median impressed line entire, deep. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Lake, Marion. Crawford and Posey counties; rare. May 5-No-
vember 8.

18<j *i732). BADISTER PULCHELLCS Lee., Ann. Lye.
Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 418.

Elongate-oval. Head black, antennae dusky, first
joint yellow. The two black spots on each elytron
are sometimes connected by a broad stripe. Thorax
obcordate, the basal impressions broad and shallow.
Lengrh 5.5-6.5 mm. (Fig. 70a. )

Lake, Kosciusko and Vigo counties ; scarce. Oc-
curs beneath logs and bark along the margins of
marshes and lakes. Hibernates as imago. Jan-
Fig, voa. (Original.) uary 6-October 29.

1!H (734 I. BADISTER MACTLATUS Lee.. Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., X, 387.

Elongate-oval. Color as given in key. Thorax obcordate with a deep.
transverse line between the basal irnpivssinns, the latter prominent: nie-
ili;,u impressed lino entire, deep. Length <i mm.

One specimen from Vigo County. Found beneath log in sandy
upland woods. October 17. Known before only from Pennsylvania.

B. obtnsus Lee., is a boreal species which may yet be found in
northern Indiana. B. flavipes-'Ltec., is recorded from Cincinnati.

I'.H (-

-). BADISTER LATICEPS sp. nov.

Elongate-oval. Piceons, shining; antennae and legs yellow, the apical
hall' of former gradually dusky; narrow margin of elytra and epipleura
dull yellow. Head as broad as thorax, faintly alutaceous; eyes prominent.
Thorax slightly broader than long, narrowed from in front of middle to
!>asr: margins narrowly reflexed. scarcely more so near hind angles, which
nr- obtuse; surface finely alutaceous, basal impression deep, median line
entire. Elytral stria 3 well impressed on disk, more shallow on sides; in-
tervals subconvex. Length ("' mm.

Vigo. Knox. Clark and Perry counties; scarce. April 15-Sep-
tember 27. Resembles micans closely and confused in my collec-
lion with that species until the type was examined at Cambridge.
In addition to differences mentioned in key the thorax in laticeps
is less transverse nnd has the brsal impressions deeper and better
defined. From fcrnmiiK us. a Californian species, to which it is
also closely allied, it differs by the less transverse thorax and the
pale antenna*.

THE (TROTTND BEETLES. 119

192 (740). BADISTEK MICANS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II, 1844, 52.
Elongate-oval. Above piceous with a bluish luster, the head darker ;

antennae dusky brown, the basal joint paler. Thorax one-half wider than
long, the basal impressions broader and more shallow than in lattcr/m.
Elytral stria? feebly impressed : intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm.

Kosciusko County; rare. October 29.

193 (741). BADISTEK REFLEXUS Lee., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880,

166.

Elongate-oval, slender. Piceous, feebly shining, the narrow margin of
thorax and elytra dull yellow, translucent ; antenna? dusky, tip of last
joint paler ; legs dull yellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, trapezoidal,
narrowed behind ; basal impressions and median line deep ; margins wider
than in the two preceding species and more reflexed near the hind angles,
which are obtuse, not rounded. Elytral stria? fine ; intervals broad, nearly
flat. Length 4 mm.

Laporte, Marshall, Vigo and Knox counties; rare. May 20-Sep-
tember 2.

Tribe VIII. PLATYNINI.

Beetles of medium or small size, having the antenna? slender,
arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge, three basal joints gla-
brous ; head oval, rarely elongate, the eyes not very distant from
thorax : mandibles moderately prominent, feebly curved, without a
seta in outer groove; mentum deeply emarginate, toothed or not.
Thorax variable in form with a bristle-bearing puncture at sides
and a second at or in front of the hind angle. Elytra margined at
base, sides narrowly reflexed, apex obliquely sinuate, disk striate
and in our species with dorsal punctures, Prosternum not pro-
longed at tip; hind coxge contiguous. Males with three joints of
front tarsi feebly dilated and clothed beneath with small scales.
Four of the five genera occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PLATYNINI.

a. Eighth elytral stria distant from the margin, not deeply impressed;

thorax truncate or emarginate at base.

&. Tarsal claws more or less serrate: menturn toothed; tarsi glabrous
above. XXXI. CALATHUS.

6&. Tarsal claws not serrate.

c. Mentum toothed. XXXII. PLATYNUS.

cc. Mentum not toothed. XXXIII. OLISTHOPUS.

aa, Eighth elytral stria united with the margin in its basal half, deeply

impressed and reaching the suture, XXXIV. PERIGONA.

120 FAMILY II. - CA

XXXI. ('ALATIH-S Boii. 1813. (NL.. "a circular basket" or

"calyx-like.";

Brownish or black beetles of medium or small size, possessing
the characters of the tribe Platyniui. From allied genera they are
separated by the smooth tarsi, the claws of which are serrate. Six
examples of our most common species (gregarius] were dissected
by Dr. Forbes, who found that two-thirds of their food consisted
of caterpillars and other insect larva', and the remainder of the
pollen of grasses. Our species occur beneath logs, etc., usually in
dry upland woods. They are difficult to separate, and the only
papers treating of them are by

LeConte.In Proc. Phil. Acad. Xai. Sci., VII, 1854. 36; 1860.
317.

Ten species have been described frem the Tinted States, three
of which have been taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALATHl'S.

n. Thorax nut narrowed behind, its base as wide as base of elytra; basal

impressions feeble or wanting.

//. Entire upper surface polished, shining; sides of thorax moderately

reflexed. 104. GREGAKIUS.

lib. Head and thorax shining, elytra dull, opaque: sides of thorax de-

pressed. broader behind, not rellexed. 1!r>. or-Acri.t s.

an. Thorax broadest rather before the middle, slightly narrowed toward

the base, the latter narrower than base of elytra: basal impressions

distinct. 196. IMPI'.XCTA'ITS.

*1!4 (741M. CALATHTS <;KK<;AKII s Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. 182:',.
47; ibid. II. 472.

Elongate-oval. Dark chestnut or reddish-brown, the margins of thorax
paler; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Tin. rax slightly longer than br.iad.
bind, angles rounded. Elytral striae shallow, not punctured. Length 10 11 mm.

Throughout the State; common. January 11-November 17. Gre-

arious in cold weather.

i:: 1!)5 (744). CALATHVS OPACULUS Lee., Proc. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1854. ."-7.

Form of !/r('u<iriiix. Head and thorax reddish -
:.r chestnut-brown : anteiin:e and legs paler: elytra
dull pi< eons or very dark brown. Thorax not
linger than wide, slightly narrowed toward apex.
Elytra minutely alulaceniis. the stri;e very tine.
l.cii-th s.n-ld mm. I Fig. 71. 1

Lake .Marion, Piilnam and Vigo counties;
frequent. .January 1 November 24. Prob-
g. 71. x'3. (Original.) ably occurs throughout the State.

TIIK (ilJorXl) BEETLES. 121

l~T>iM. <'\i vims IMPI MTAII s Say. Trans. Aiuer. I'hil. Sue., II. Isi':;.
-i~> ; ibid. II, 471.

Elongate-oval i'.la.-k or pii-fous, shining: antenna and legs pale red-
dish-brown. Thorax slightly wirier than long, sides broadly curved, hind
angles obtusely rounded, basal impressions ii'il punctured. Klytral stria 1
deep, not punctured: intervals convex, the third with t\vo distinct punc-
tures. Length 10.5 11. 5 mm.

Northern half of State; scarce. .June 17- August 21.

XXXII. PLAT YNUS Bon. 1818. (Gr.. "flat or depressed.")

A large genus of black, green or bronzed beetles of medium size
and possessing the characters of the tribe. Palpi slender, with the
la.st two joints subequal; first, third and fourth joints of antenme
of about the same length. Body usually somewhat slender with
the elytra nearly twice as wide as the head or thorax. Thorax very
variable in form, being either oval, cordate, square or rounded;
the margin sometimes barely visible. Elytra oval or oblong, some-
limes elliptical, usually slightly sinuate at apex, sometimes almost
truncate; the interval' between the second and third strire with from
three to seven dorsal punctures.

The members of the genus occur beneath cover in all kinds of
situations, some species being found only along the margins of
ponds, streams and lakes, others in high, dry upland woods, and
still others only in sandy locations. A number are known to hiber-
nate as imagoes. The two papers treating of the species of the
United States fauna are as follows:

LeConte. "Synopsis of the Species of Platynus and Allied
Genera Inhabiting the United States," w Proc. Phil. Acad.
Nat. Scl, VII, 1854. 35.

LeConte. "Synopsis of the North American Species of Platy-
nus," in Bull. Brook. Entom. Soc., II, 1879. 43-58.

About 90 species of Platynus have been described from the
United States. Of these 41 are known to occur in Indiana. Since
the number of species is so large, the genus in the table which fol-
lows is first divided into groups, and these in turn into species.

KEY TO GROUPS Of INDIANA IM.ATVXl'S.

<t. Elytra oval without humeral angles; side pieces of metathorax sli ft.

not much longer than wide; thorax ovate, narrowed behind, usually

strongly margined at sides. Group . 1.

mi. Elytra with broadly rounded humeral angles: side pieces of metathorax

longer than wide.
I). Hind angles of thorax not rounded.

c. Front tarsi without gr irves, middle and hind tarsi with grooves
on the sides; thorax narrowed behind. Group B.

122 FAMILY IT. CAKABID.E.

CG. All the tarsi with distinct grooves on the sides ; hind angles of
thorax obtuse or rectangular. Group C.

bb. Hind angles of thorax much rounded, rarely obtuse or somewhat de-
fined.

d. Side margins of thorax wider toward the base and reflexed; tarsi
with distinct lateral but no medial grooves. Group D.

ild. Side margin of thorax narrow, but little if at all reflexed.

e. Dorsal punctures of elytra three; thorax rounded-oval, its basal
impressions puuctiforin ; pubescence of antennae beginning on
fourth joint. Group E.

>'e. Dorsal punctures 4 to 6; basal impressions not punctiform ;
pubescence of antennae beginning on third joint; thorax oval,
margin narrowly reflexed. Group /'

GROUP A.

The species of this group are of a slender form, without inner
wings or with feeble ones in quadrimaculatus; legs and antennae
long ; thorax usually elongate ; elytra regularly elliptical without
distinct humeral angles, sinuate toward the tip and with the lateral
margin broader and more reflexed than in the other groups. Four
species whose range is such as to include Indiana belong to this
group.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

a. Suture of elytra prolonged and divergent at tips; front tarsi with
medial grooves on upper surface. 197. CAUDATUS.

f/a. Suture of elytra not prolonged at tips ; front tarsi without grooves.
b. Hind angles of thorax rounded ; elytral striae deep.

c. Alternate intervals of elytra with numerous punctures ; antennae

and legs pale reddish-brown. 198. HYPOLITHUS.

cc. Third interval of elytra with foiir punctures ; antennae and legs

black. ANGUSTATUS.

bb. Hind angles of thorax rectangular; striae of elytra shallow ; thorax.

base of elytra and subapical spot yellow.

199. QUADRIMACULATUS.

197 (755). PLATYNUS CAUDATUS Lee., New Sp., I, 1863, 7.

Elongate, narrow. Dark reddish-brown ; antennae and legs paler. Third
joint of antennae nearly twice as long as fourth. Thorax elongate-ovate,
side margins strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse. Elytral margin strongly
reflexed, obliquely sinuate near apex ; striae almost obsolete ; alternate in-
tervals with an irregular row of rather large shallow punctures. Length
12.5 mm.

Vigo and Lawrence counties ; very rare. May 17-May 25. Oc-
curs beneath rubbish or flat stones near water.

198 (759). PLATYNUS HYPOLITHUS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

59 ; ibid. II, 482.

Elongate, slender, large for the genus. Black, shining; legs and an-
tennae pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-half longer than wide, narrowed

THE GROUND BEETLES.

123

behind, margin strongly reflexed, basal impressions deep. Elytra elliptical ;
strife moderately deep ; intervals convex, the alternate oises with a row of
rather large punctures on the sides. Length 13-15 mm. (Fig. 72.)

Vigo, Putnam, Monroe and Franklin counties ; scarce. May 8-
October 4. Occurs beneath stones in deep wooded ravines.

199 (762). PLATYNUS QUADKIMACII^AI! .s Horn, Trans. Arner. Enl. Sot-..

XII, 1S85, KtU

Elongate-oval, slender. Auteume, legs and thorax reddish-yellow ; head
and elytra black, the latter with basal third and large rounded subapical
spot reddish-yellow. Thorax somewhat curdiform, a little longer than wide,
narrowed at base, with an extremely narrow renexed margin. Elytra oval,

Fig. 72. X 2' g . (Original.)

ttg. 73.
(After Horn.)

broader behind; intervals flat, the third with three very small dorsal punc-
tures. Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 73.)

Knox and Posey counties; rare. April 20-April 25. Occur^
beneath cover in moist localities.*

P. angustatus Dej., 13-14 mm. in length, is said to inhabit the
Middle and Southern States, and perhaps occurs in the hilly por-
tion of southern Indiana.

GROUP B.

Composed of winged species., black or piceous in color, having
the thorax strongly margined, basal impressions large and deep,
hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Elytra one-half or more
broader than thorax, truncate at base, more or less sinuate toward
the extremity, the stria? fine to deep, the second stria? or third in-
terval with three or four impressed punctures.

*See Can. Ent. XXXVIII, 1906, p. 267.

124 FAMILY TF. - CA

KKV TO SPECIES OK GROUP B.

u. Form ratlier broad; elytra! strife deep.
I. Black, shining; elytral intervals convex.

f. Larger. 12-14 nun., more depressed; elytra more deeply sinuate

behind; hind angles of thorax obtuse; side pieces of metathorax

not punctured. 200. DECENS.

re. Smaller. 11 mm., less (It-pressed; hind angles of thorax rectangu-

lar: side pieces of metathi.rax punctured. 201. SINUATUS.

lib. Snbopaque; elytral intervals flat, the strhc less deep; hind angles of

thorax obtusely rounded. 202. OPACULVS.

(/(/. Form slender ; antenn;e and legs very long ; elytral strhe fine.

d. Elytra each with three dorsal punctures; piceous brown, the margin

of thorax not paler.

c. Hind angles of thorax almost rounded; side margins strongly re-
flexed only on basal half; elytral intervals alutaceous.

203. CINCTICOLLIS.

ee. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, not rounded; side margins strongly

reflexed their full length : legs and antenna 1 pale reddish-brown :

intervals not alutaceous. 204. REFLEXUS.

'/*/. Elytra each with four or five dorsal punctures; dark reddish-brown.

the margin of thorax translucent. 2O5. PARMAKGINATI s.

200 (705). PLATYPUS DECENS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 53;
ibid. II, 477.

Rather broad, depressed. Black ; legs, antennae and margin of thorax
piceous. Thorax subcordate. narrowed behind, basal impressions punc-
tured; hind angles obtuse, margin of moderate width, reflexed. Elytral
striae deep, not or very obsoletely punctured; intervals convex, finely alu-
taceous. Length 12-14 mm.

Lawrence and Posey counties ; scarce. April 10- August 28.
In this and the next two species the median line and front trans-
verse impression of thorax are rather deep, the elytra more than
one-half broader than thorax and slightly sinuate near their tips.

201 (700). PLATYNUS SINUATUS Dej., Spec.. III.

108.

Resembles ileccns but smaller, less depressed and
mi. re shining. Basal impressions of thorax wider.
Klytra less deeply striate. finely punctured; in-
teivals less convex. Length 10.5-11 mm. (Fig.
74.)

Throughout the State; scarce. April 10-
August 13.

21)2 (707). PLATYNUS OPACULUS Lee., New Spec.
N. Amer. Col., I, 1803, 8.

Rather slender, depressed. Dull piceous or sub-
Fig. 74. x 3. (Original.) opaque. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in

THE GROUND BEETLES. 125

front and behind, the margin Hither strongly retlexed ; basal impressions
wide, deep, not punctured. Elytral stria? shallow, not punctured; intervals
Hat. alutaceous. Length 12-13 nnii.

Lake and Posey counties ; rare. May 14- May 20.

203 (709). PLATYNUS CINCTICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823.

52; ibid. II. 476.

Elongate, slender. Pic-eons black. Thorax widest at middle, more
narrowed behind than in front, margins strongly reflexed near the hind
angles; Itasal impressions deep, not punctured. Elytral stria? not punc-
tured; intervals slightly convex. Length 9.5-11 mm.

Throughout the State; eoiinnon. Hibernates. February 9-
October 29.

204 (770). PLATYNTS KKFLEXVS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.

Resembles cincticoUis in form. Distinguished readily by the lighter
colored antenna? and legs. Thorax longer, more narrowed behind; side
margins more strongly retlexed, as wide in front as to/wards the base;
front angles more prominent. Elytral stria- deeper; the intervals a little
more convex. Length 9.5-11 mm.

Laporte, Lawrence and Owen counties; frequent beneath rocks
along streams, especially those within hut near the mouths of
caves. April 15-November 8.

205 (9272). PLATYNTS PAKMARGINATVS Ham.. Can. Ent.. XXV. 1893, 305.

Elongate, slender, subdepressed. Keddish-brown ; antenna?, legs and
margin of thorax lighter brown. Thorax about as wide as long, side mar-
gins wide, strongly retlexed their full length ; front angles prominent, ob-
tusely rounded, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions deep, finely and
sparsely punctate. Elytral stria? deep, not punctured; intervals subconvex.
the third with three or four punctures near the third stria and another
near the apex of the second stria. Length 8-10 mm.

Crawford and Jackson counties ; scarce. Occurs beneath stones
in channels or shallow ravines on the slopes of high wooded hills.
May 16-September 24.

GEOUP C.

The species of this group are winged, brownish, bluish or
greenish in color, with base of antenme, legs and occasionally the
thorax, reddish-yellow. The thorax is longer than wide, the mar-
gin less strongly reflexed, hind angles obtuse or rectangular. Ely-
tra elongate, about twice as wide as thorax, scarcely sinuate near
apex, humeri broadly rounded, stria- deep but tine, the intervals
nearly flat, the third with three to seven punctures.

126 FAMILY IT. CABAT5IIX3S.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP C.

. Color greenish or bluish, base of antennae, palpi and legs reddish-yel-
low; base of thorax not cylindrical.
&. Basal impressions of thorax deep.

c. Thorax with the basal half distinctly narrowed, the impressions
long, curved ; color purplish or dull green.

206. EXTENSICOLLIS.

cc. Basal portion of thorax not distinctly narrowed, the impressions
shorter, less curved ; thorax and elytra bright green.

206a. var. VIRIDIS.

bb. Basal impressions small, narrow; thorax and scutellum reddish-yel-
low. 207. DECORUS.
an. Color piceous or reddish-brown ; base of thorax subcylindrical ; elytral
intervals convex, marked with a row of small punctures, each punc-
ture bearing a fine hair. 208. PUSILLUS.

206 (772). PLATYNUS EXTENSICOLLIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

54; ibid. II, 478.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish or bronzed, shining;
elytra dull greenish or purplish. Base of thorax finely punctured, the im-
pressions with a small, blunt tubercle on the outer side near the hind
angles, the latter obtuse. Elytral strife shallow, not punctured; intervals
slightly convex, alutaceous, the third with four or five small, remote punc-
tures. Length 8-9.5 mm.

Shores of Fish Lake, Stenben County ; frequent. Lake County
by Wolcott, March 26-Jnly 19.

*206a (772b). PLATYNUS EXTENSICOLLIS VIRIDIS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.,

IV, 1848, 222.

Differs from the preceding mainly as mentioned in key. Head some-
times blackish-green. Thorax with hind angles more rounded and the basal
impressions without tubercles. Varies in depth of elytral striae and con-
vexity of the intervals ; in some specimens the striae are finely punctured.

Throughout the State ; rather common beneath rubbish in damp
localities. Hibernates. February 21-November 28.

*207 (773). PLATYNUS DECORUS Say, Trans. Ainer.
Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 53; ibid. II. 477.
Elongate, slender. Head green or greenish-bronze;
thorax, scutellum, legs, and base of antennae reddish-
yellow ; elytra blackish, often green near margins.
; Thorax a little longer than wide, slightly narrowed
at base, hind angles obtuse; elytral striae shallow, not
punctured ; intervals slightly convex, finely alutaceous,
distinctly punctured, the third with five to seven small
dorsal punctures. Length 7.7-8.5 mm. (Fig. 75.)

Throughout the State, but scarce. Hiber-
75. 4. (Original.) nates. February 8-October 23. Occurs be-

THE GROUND BEETLES. 127

neatli old logs in dry. upland open woods. In two specimens the
intervals are much more coarsely punctured, more convex and
strongly alutaceous.

*20S (784). PLATYNUS PUSILLUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII.
1854, 39.

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous, the elytra usually
reddish-brown; antennae and legs light brown. Thorax long and cordate;
base much narrowed, subcylindrical ; impressions elongate and narrow,
hind angles rectangular; median line deep, surface sparsely and rather
coarsely punctured. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, tips rounded, strife
deep and finely punctured. Length 6-7 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. Hibernates. January 21-
September 11.

GROUP D.

A large group of winged species, usually black, the legs and an-
tenna? sometimes of the same hue, more often piceous or reddish-
brown. Thorax rounded, the margin usually slightly widened and
reflexed toward the base, hind angles very obtuse or altogether
rounded, basal impressions variable, either broad and shallow or
deep and narrow, sometimes almost obsolete. Elytra often not
much wider than thorax, humeri broadly rounded, the base trun-
cate or subemarginate, tips rounded and hardly sinuate; intervals
mostly flat, the third with three to seven punctures. Tarsi with
distinct lateral but no medial grooves.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP D.

a. Thorax transversely oval or rounded, rarely subquadrate; elytra not

deeply emarginate at base.

6. Either black (rarely bronzed), or green with disk of elytra cu-
preous ; hind angles of thorax usually much rounded.
c. Dorsal punctures three.
d. Antennae, and usually the legs, wholly black or piceous.

e. Thorax with side margins wider and strongly reflexed near

the base.

f. Elytral striae fine, the intervals flat.
p. Hind angles of thorax obtuse, rather distinct.

211. MCERENS.

ffff. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded. 212. TENUIS.
ff. Elytral striae deep, the intervals more or less convex.

7*. Elytral strife strongly punctured; hind angles entirely
rounded. 213. COLIARIS.

hh. Elytral striae not or feebly punctulate.

'. Hind angles of thorax entirely rounded; elytral inter-
vals distinctly convex. 214. ATRATUS.
[923402]

128 FAMILY ir. fA

//. Hind angles very obtuse but distinct; elytra! intervals
feebly convex. 215. MKLANAKHS.

ee. Thorax with side margins only narrowly refiexed at the edge.
j. All three dorsal punctures on third stria; hind angles en-
tirely rounded. 217. CORVI s.
././ Second and third dorsal punctures near or on second stria.
A\ Piceous or black above.

/. Thorax with hind angles somewhat distinct, basal im-
pressions without a tubercle. 216. AFFINIS.
U. Thorax with hind angles more rounded, impressions
with a distinct tubercle. CARBO.
A-/,-. Metallic or blackish-bronzed above.

m. Head, thorax and margin of elytra green, disk of elytra
coppery. 218. CUPRIPENNIS.

mm. Blackish-bronzed: dorsal punctures large, foveate.

219. EXCAVATUS.

dd. Four outer joints of antennae white : thighs dark, tibiae and tarsi

yellowish. 224. ALBICRTIS.

re. Dorsal punctures four to seven : sides of thorax broader and more

refiexed behind.

n. Dorsal punctures large, foveate: green, with disk of thorax
and elytra bronzed, base of antennae and legs brown.

225. OCTOPUNCTATUS.

mi. Dorsal punctures of usual size; base of antennae brown; sides
of thorax rather strongly refiexed. 226. PLACIDUS.

!>!>. Either metallic or bronzed green, the elytra uniform in hue.

o. Thorax at least one-third wider than long, the margins on basal

half wider and distinctly reflexed.

p. Elytral striae wholly without punctures ; second dorsal puncture
near second stria and far behind the middle. 209. ERRANS.
pp. Elytral striae finely but distinctly punctulate; second dorsal
puncture usually on third stria and near the middle.

210. SUBCORDATl'S.

oo. Thorax not or very slightly wider than long, the margins narrow.

not reflexed.

q. Basal impressions deep, punctured ; elytral striae strongly punc-
tured ; elytra bronzed-black, tibia 1 and tarsi light brown.

220. FERRETS.

'/'/. Basal impressions of thorax small.
r. Elytral striae not punctured.

.<?. Dorsal punctures three: legs yellow. 221. BASATJS.

**. Dorsal punctures five or six: legs reddish-yellow, thighs
darker. 222. NUTANS.

IT. Elytral striae punctured : dorsal punctures five.

t. Thorax slightly wider than long. 223. STRIATOPUNCTATI -s.
ft. Thorax longer than wide. CRENULATUS.

nit. Thorax transverse, narrower behind, side margin narrow, basal impres-
sions broad and shallow ; elytra deeply emarginate at base, with three
small dorsal punctures. 227. BOGEMANNI.

THE GEOUND BEETLES. 129

209 (78<>). PI.ATYNTS ERRANS Say, Journ. 1'hil. Acad. Nat. Sci., III. 1*2.",.

147; ibid. II, !4.

Elongate-oval, rather broad. Head and thorax bluish-green, elytra
with a brassy tinge; under surface black. Thorax one-third wider than
long, much narrowed behind, hind angles rounded u- obtuse. Elytra! stria-
narrow, shallow; intervals flat. Length 7 s nun.

Lake County; rare. June 21.

210 (78<Ja). PLATYNUS SUBCORDATI/S Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., is.lu, 205.

Differs from the preceding by the characters given in key and by hav-
ing the thorax less narrowed behind and the basal impressions more dis-
tinctly punctured. The elytra are proportionally broader, the intervals
very slightly convex and more distinctly alutaceous. Length 7.5-S.5 mm.

Northern third oE State, frequent; Kiiox County, rare. May
3-Oetober 17. Occurs beneath rubbish along the borders of lakes
and marshes. Appears sufficiently distinct to take specific rank.

1:11 (787). PLATYNUS MCERENS Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827, 152.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous black. Thorax subrotuud, a
little wider than long, basal impressions broad, shallow, hind angles ob-
tusely rounded. Klytral striae not punctured, the second puncture on third
interval close to second stria. Length 8-8.5 mm.

Starke, Vigo and Knox counties ; rare. July 6-October S.

212 (788). PLATYNUS TENUIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1854, 48.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Piceous or bronzed-black, shining.
Thorax subrotund, wider than in the preceding, the margin more narrowly
yet distinctly reflexed, the base and hind angles more rounded than in
moerens. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, broadly depressed behind
the scutellum ; stria? line, not or very indistinctly punctured; intervals flat
or slightly convex. Length 9-9.5 mm.

Laporte, Marshall and Kosciusko counties, scarce; also in
Webster collection. August 17-October 29. In this and the next
three species the second dorsal puncture is on or near the third
stria.

213 (789). PLATYNUS COLLARIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, ls.",4.

470; ibid. II, 534.

Elongate-oval. Black with a tinge of purple, shining; tibia? and tarsi
piceous. Thorax subquadrate, wider than long, the margins narrow in
front, broader and strongly reflexed toward the hind angles, which are
very obtuse. Elytra with acutely impressed strhe. strongly and regularly
punctured; intervals flat. Length 8.7-9.5 mm.

Described from Posey County; more common southward. I
have not seen a specimen from the State.

130 FAMILY IT. CARABID^.

214 (790). PLATYNUS ATBATUS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Black, shining; apical portion of an-
tenna? and tarsi piceous. Thorax subrotund, a little wider than long, the
reflexed margin but little wider toward the base; basal impressions deep
with a small tubercle. Elytra but little wider than thorax, the striae very
finely or obsoletely punctate; intervals distinctly convex. Length 8-9 mm.

Sttniben. Laporle and Kosriusko counties; frequent. August
11 -August 28. A member of Hie boreal fauna.

*215 (791). PLATYNUS MELANARII s Dej., Spec. III. 1827, 152.

Elongate-oval, rather broad. Black, shining; tibiae, tarsi and basal
joint of antenna? dark reddish-brown. Thorax subrotund, as wide as long,
the margin wider and more strongly reflexed toward the base; depressions
large, with a distinct rugosity or tubercle near the angle. Elytra distinctly
wider than thorax, the strife of moderate depth, finely punctate. Length
8.5-9.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 1-
October 12.

210 (7!>4). PLATY.M.S AFKIXIS Kirby. Fauna Bor. Amer., IV. 1837. 27.

Elongate-oval, rather broad. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax sub-
rotund, a little wider than long, side margins narrow, scarcely reflexed
toward the hind angles, which are obtuse ; depressions wide, shallow and
without a tubercle. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, stria? shallow, not
punctured, the fifth usually with a dilated shallow impression near the
apex ; intervals flat. Length 8.5-9.5 mm.

Lake, Starke and Koseiusko counties ; scarce. Occurs along the
sandy beaches of lakes. April 9-October 24.

P. carl)o Lee., length 8-9 mm., was described from Lake Su-
perior and may possibly occur in northern Indiana.

217 (796). PLATYNUS CORVUS Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1860, 319.

Elongate-oval; rather broad. Piceous black, shining. Thorax slightly
broader than long, sides rounded into base ; margins rather broad, narrowly
reflexed ; basal depressions wide, shallow, without a trace of tubercles.
Elytra oblong, much wider than thorax ; stria? rather deep, not punctured ;
intervals slightly convex, alutaceous. Length 9.5 mm.

Laporte and Koseiusko counties ; rare. October 21-October 22.
Taken beneath rubbish along the beach of lakes. Our only species
having all three dorsal punctures on third stria. A member of the
boreal fauna.

218 (800). PLATYNUS CUPBIPENNIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

50; ibid. II, 474.

Elongate, rather broad. Green, strongly polished; disk of elytra cu-
preous; under surface blackish-bronzed. Thorax longer than wide, the

THE GROUND BEETLES. DI1

depressions narrow and shallow. Elytrul striae tine, not punctured; in-
tervals flat. Length 7.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. 78.)

Throughout the northern part of the State; frequent. Not
taken south of Vigo County. Hibernates. January 6-Novem-
ber 24.

219 (802). PLATYNUS EXCAVATUS Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827, 169.

Elongate, rather slender. IMceous bronzed, shining; base of antenna;
and legs dull reddish-brown. Thorax about as long as wide, but slightly
narrowed behind, sides regularly rounded: basal impressions narrow, deep,
punctured ; hind angles obtusely rounded. Elytral striae fine, not or in-
distinctly punctured; intervals flat. Length 7-7.5 nun.

Lake, Laporte, Marion, Putnam and Vigo counties; frequent.
April 4-October 17. Occurs on sand and gravel bars of lakes and
streams. The dorsal punctures are larger than in any of our spe-
cies except octopunctatiis, the first near third stria, the other two
near second.

220 (803). PLATYNUS FERREUS Ilald., Proc. Phil. Ac-ad. Nat. Sci., I, 299.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax greenish-black ; antennae pic-eons.
Thorax oval, nearly as long as wide, sides rounded, hind angles obtuse.
Elytral stride deep and strongly punctured on basal half ; more faint and
less distinctly punctured towards the apex. Length 7-7.5 mm.

Marion, Lawrence, Knox and Posey counties; one specimen
from each. March 21-August 28. Occurs near water.

221 (804). PLATYNUS BASALTS Lee., Ann. Lye., IV, 1848, 227.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax blackish-bronzed; elytra bronzed
green, shining; antennae pic-eous, the basal joints and legs reddish-yellow.
Thorax a little longer than wide, narrowed toward the base, hind angles
rounded; basal impressions small, deep, finely punctate. Elytral stri;e
rather deep; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties ; scarce. Hibernates. May 24-Decem-
ber 18. The dorsal punctures are small and the second and third
vary much in position, though LeConte says they are placed on the
second stria. Resembles extensicollis but the basal impressions of
thorax much shorter, rounded instead of elongate, the margin not
wider at base.

*222 (805). PLATYNUS NUTANS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 52;
ibid. II, 476.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax bronzed green; elytra blackish-
green or cupreous. Thorax oval, a little longer than wide, margin nar-
rowly reflexed, more strongly toward the hind angles, which are rounded ;

132 FAMILY IT. OARABTTXE.

basal impressions rather deep, smooth. Elylral slri;e very line; intervals
nearly flat, finely alutaremis ; fourth and fifth dorsal punctures 011 or near
the second stria, the others near the third. Length 7-8 mm.

Frequent in the northern half of the State ; not taken south of
Putnam and Vigo counties. Hibernates. January 7-October 26.

[806). PLATYNUS .STIUATOPI-MTATI-S De.j., Spec. 111. 18-7. 107.

Elongate, rather slender. Bronzed black or piceous, shining; first
joint of aiitenn;e and legs dark vtddisli-yellow. Thorax oval, sides rounded
into base; margins slightly wider and more strongly retiexed toward the
base than in inittnix; impressions deep, finely and sparsely piuictured.
Elytral stria' moderately deep, distinctly punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex, alutace: us, the third with five or six punctures. Length 0-7.3 mm.

Lake. Vigo, Knox, Dubois and Posey counties; scarce. April
18-September 3.

224 (S07). PLATYNTS ALBICBUS Dej., Spec. III. 1827. 158.

Elongate, slender. 1'icenus. feebly bronzed, shining. Thorax sub-
(inadrate. slightly longer than wide, margin of basal half wider and more
retiexed. hind angles obtuse; basal impressions narrow, deep, not punc-
tured. Elytral stria* rather deep, not punctured; intervals moderately
convex, distinctly alutaceous. the third with three dorsal punctures. Length
0.5-7.5 mm.

Knox County ; rare. Two specimens from the margins of the
cypress swamp. July 4-July 9.

*22.~i (Nl4l. PLATYNTS OCTOPL'NCTATUS Fab.. Ent. Syst..

Suppl., 1798, 55; Say, II. 470.

Elongate, rather slender. Color above as given in key;
under surface shining blackish-green. Thorax wider than
long, sides rounded into base, very finely margined;
basal impressions small, deep, not punctured. Elytral
stri;e tine, not or indistinctly punctured; intervals nearly
flat, alutaceous, the third with four (rarely three or
five) punctures, each set in a large quadrate impression.
Length 7-7.5 mm. (Fig. 70.)

Lake. Porter, Putnam and Dubois counties, rare:
. 76. x 4. Vigo County, frequent. Hibernates. February

(Original.)

14 November 4. Occurs on slopes of sparsely
wooded hills, usually in sandy localities.

220 (Sir.). PI.ATYM s pi.Aciiifs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. 1X2:>. 4'A ;
ibid. II. 409.

Elongate, moderately broad. Head and thorax greenish-black; elytra
bluish-black, snbopaque. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long;
basal impressions wide and rather shallow. Elytral stria? very fine, not
punctured; intervals slightly convex, distinctly alutaceous; dorsal punc-
tures five or six, the apical two on second stria, the others on or near
third. Length 7.5-9 mm.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 133

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. ( {rega.rious in
cold weather. January 1-November 24.

P. crenulatus Lee., 5.5-6 mm. in length, is a member of the
Austroriparian fauna, which may occur in the southern counties.

*227 (821). PLATYNUS BOGEMANNI Gyll., Ins. Suec., Ill, 1810, GOT; obso-

letiis Say, II. 481.

Elongate, slender. Black or piroous, shining. Thorax heart-shaped,
wider before the middle, rounded to a narrow base. Elytra oblong, twice
as wide as thorax, striae very fine or obsolete, not punctured; third inter-
val with three very small dorsal punctures. Length 5.5-G.5 mm.

Lake, Putnam and Vigo counties: scarce. Hibernates. Janu-
ary 14-July 28.

GROUP E.

A small group of winged species in which the thorax is rounded
oval or slightly cordiform, narrowly margined, hind angles obtuse
or rounded, basal impressions usually deep and punctiform ; elytra
nearly or quite twice as wide as thorax, with punctured stria? and
three (rarely four) dorsal punctures placed along the middle of
the third interval.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP E.

a. Tarsal grooves present.

b. Piceous bronze : strife of elytra very fine ; tarsal grooves on first

joint. 228. ,ERUGINOSUS.

bh. Black, legs brown; stria? feebly punctured; tarsal grooves on first
and second joints. 232. PUNCTIFORMIS.

<HI. Tarsal grooves wanting.

c. Black or dark reddish-brown; base of antenna, palpi, legs and sides

of elytra brownish-yellow. 229. LIMBATUS.

cr. Black, legs reddish-yellow or reddish-brown.

(1. Elytra 1 strife coarsely punctured : larger. 7.5-8 mm.

230. CRENISTRIATUS.

(Id. Elytral stride finely punctured; smaller, 6.2-7 mm.

231. RUBRIPES.

*228 (824). PLATYNUS ^ERUGINOSUS Dej., Spec. Ill, 1827. 168.

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax piceous; antennae, elytra and
legs dark brown, bronzed, shining. Thorax oval, convex, very narrowly
margined ; basal impi-essions very small or obsolete. Elytra oval, convex,
emarginate at base; striae finely punctate: intervals flat. Length 5.5-6 mm.

Throughout the State; common. Occurs in damp localities.
Hibernates. April 3-December 18.

229 (825). PLATYNUS UMHATCS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. TL 1823, 4!>;
ibid. II, 473.

Elongate, rather robust. Color as given in key. Thorax subrotnnd.
margin, very narrow, hind angles wholly rounded; basal impressions small.

134 FAMILY TT. CA-

circular, deep. Elytra) stria- moderately deep, distinctly punctured : in-
tervals slightly convex. Length 8.5 mm.

Rare. A southern species, one specimen of which was taken
near Cannelton, Perry County, May 14.

280 (826). PLATYNUS CRENISTRIATI s Leo.. New Sp. N. Am. Col.. I. 1863. 9.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; base of antenna? and legs
reddish-yellow. Thorax oval, a little longer than wide, narrowed on basal
half; basal impressions small, deep. Elytral strife deep, strongly punc-
lured; intervals one to four distinctly convex, the others nearly flat. Length
7.5-8 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent ; scarce in the northern coun-
ties. Probably hibernates. March 7- July 28.

*231 (827). PLATYNUS RUBRIPES Zimm., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., II, 1869.
244.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; palpi and antennae brownish-
yellow ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax almost as long as wide, sides rounded
into base; impressions broad, shallow with a small deep fovea. Elytral
stripe deep, finely but distinctly punctured ; intervals slightly convex. Length
6.2-7 mm.

Throughout the State; common. Hibernates. January 5-0 c-
tober 1. A smaller species than the preceding with darker legs
and more finely punctured striae.

*232 (828). PLATYNUS PUNCTIFORMIS Say, Trans.
Amer. Phil. Soc., Ill, 1823, 58; ibid.
II. 481, 536.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; base of
antennae, tibia? and tarsi reddish-brown; femora pice-
ous. Thorax subrotund, convex, narrowly margined,
hind angles rounded; basal impressions shallow, with
a large, round, deep fovea. Elytra rather deeply stri-
ate. very tlnely and distinctly punctuate only on basal
half; intervals subconvex. finely alutacenus. Length
79 mm. (Fig. 77.)
Fig. 77. <4. (Original.) Throughout the State; frequent. February
13-October 14. Larger and broader than rubripes, with still more
finely punctured strife.

GROUP F.

Winged species of slender form, black or piceous in color with
base of antennas and legs yellow or reddish-brown ; thorax oval with
margin narrowly reflexed, becoming broader toward the hind
angles, which are rounded and indistinct; basal impressions narrow,
sometimes nearly obsolete. Elytra elongate-oval, twice as wide as

THE GROUND BEETLES. 1 :'>

thorax, emarginate at base and obliquely subtruncate at tip, the
stria: fine; intervals flat, the third with four to six dorsal punctures.
Tarsal grooves indistinct.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP I-'.

. Thorax narrower behind, the side margins more widely refiexed to-
ward the base; antenna? with joints 5 to 11, paler.

233. RUFICOBNIS.
mi. Thorax elongate-oval, the side margins uniformly narrow.

ft. An tenure piceous ; size larger, 7-7.5 mm. 236. GEMELLUS.

til). Antenna? brownish-yellow ; smaller, 5-0.5 mm.

c. Thorax black. 234. PICIPENNIS.

cc. Thorax brownish-yellow. 235. LUTULENTUS.

233 (S31). PLATYNUS RUFICORNIS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 205.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black ; elytra piceous, shining ;
antenna^ and legs brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, distinctly longer than
wide, hind angles rounded ; basal impressions broad, rather shallow. Ely-
iral stria- fine, not punctured; intervals flat, the third with five or six
small dorsal punctures, the first three on the third stria, the others on the
second. Length 7-8 mm.

Frequent along the margin of Tippeeanoe Lake, Kosciusko
County; Lake and Posey counties ; scarce. March 26-October 21.

*234 (834). PLATYNUS PICIPENNIS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Anier., IV, 1837, 25.

Elongate, very slender. Head and thorax black ; antenna?, legs and
elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax oval, about as long as wide; margin nar-
row, hind angles rounded ; basal impressions narrow, shallow. Elytra
elongate, elliptical, the stria? of moderate depth, not punctured ; intervals
nearly flat, the third with four to six dorsal punctures. Length G-7 mm.

Lake, Vigo, Posey and Kosciusko counties : frequent. January
1-October 17. Gregarious in winter.

*235 (835). PLATYNUS LUTULENTUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., VII.
1854, 54.

Elongate, very slender. Head black ; remainder of body brownish-yel-
low, shining. Thorax more finely margined, basal impressions smaller and
less distinct, and elytral stria? finer than in the preceding. Dorsal punc-
tures four, larger than in /m-//H'/.s',\the first two on third stria, the others
on second. Length 5.5-0.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. Hibernates. Sometimes at-
tracted by electric lights. January 21-December 23.

236 (833). PLATYNUS GEMELLUS Lee., Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., II, 1879, 54.

Elongate, slender. Piceous; head and thorax often darker; epipleura.
legs and base of antenna? dark reddish-brown. Thorax oval, one-third
longer than wide, side margins very narrow, hind angles obsolete; basal

136 FAMILY IT. CABABIB.E.

impressions long, curved r.nd shallow, not punctured. Klytral strue very
line, not punctured : intervals Hal : dorsal punctures four, the tirst and sec-
iind on third stria, the others on second stria. Length 7-7.5 nnu.

Lake Comity; scarce. About twenty specimens taken by Wol-
cott near Wolf Lake. March 20.

XXXIII. OLISTIIOPCS Dej. ]82f>. (Gr., "slippery + foot,")

Small piceous or brownish l)eetles of the tribe Platynini, having
the claws of the tarsi entire and the mention without a tooth. But
Iwo species are as yet known in the United States, one of which oc-
curs in Indiana. They are briefly treated by

LeContc.Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1854, 58.

flora,-- Bull, Brook. Entom. Soe.. V. 1882, 63.

*2.'>7 (S:>!>. Oi.isTiioi'i s pAii.M.vn s Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Hoc., II, 1823,
4<>; ibid. II. 474. 537.

Itatlier broad, snbdepressed. Head and thorax black; base of an-
tenna'. edge of thorax, legs and basal half of elytra dull brownish-yellow;
apical portion of elytra darker. Thorax rounded, one-half wider than long,
sides broadly rounded into base, margin very narrow, basal impressions
small and narrow. Elylral stria' rather Hue. not punctured; intervals
slightly convex, the third with three very small dorsal punctures. Length
7-7.5 mm.

Southern half of State, scarce : Lake County only in the north.
January 6-November 7. The elytra are sometimes almost wholly
brownish-yellow.

XXXIV. PERIGONA Lap. 1887. (Gr.. "around + angle.")

Very small piceous or brownish beetles, having the labrum
square and Mat; mentum deeply emarginate and without a tooth;
antenna- rather stout beyond the third joint, which is of the same
length as the second. The genus is treated by

Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XIX. 18112. 44.

One species has been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PEKIGONA.

a. Head alone piceous; elytra slightly oblong. NIGRICEPS.

mi. Head and thorax pieeous: elytra oval and more convex.

238. PALLIPENNIS.

/'. iiif/r/ci j>s Dej.. length 12.. "> mm., is recorded from Cincinnati.

L>:;s C.rjsoi. I'KKI.;O.\A PALUPENNIS Lee.. Trans. Amer. I'hil. Soc., X, 1853,
386.

Oblong-oval. Head and thoiax picenus; elytra dull reddish-brown; an-
tenme and legs pale yellow. Thorax sulxiuadrate. slightly wider than long;

THE GROUND BEETLES. 137

sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse. Elytra oval, more than one-li;iir
wider than thorax, convex, faintly striate, the eighth stria entire: third
interval with three minute punctures. Length 2.:!-2.7 nun.

Southern half of State; frequent. April 29 November 28. Oc-
curs beneath rubbish in dry open woodlands.

Tribe IX. AXCIIOXODERIXI.

Head oval or rounded, not prolonged or constricted to a narrow
neck ; antenna? slender. Thorax more or less eordiform, the side
margins distinct and with a bristle-bearing puncture on each side
in front of the middle, and another near the hind angle. Elytra
feebly margined at base, rounder] at apex, without dorsal punc-
tures in our species. Scutellum and scutellar stria distinct. Body
above pubescent. Hind coxa 1 contiguous. Two genera may occur
in Indiana, though representatives of but one have so far been
taken .

KKV TO INDIANA C.KXKKV OK A N( 1 IOXODKKI X I.

a. Antenna.' with four basal .joints glabrous. Thorax ovate, the second

bristle-bearing puncture in front of the hind angle; last joint of palpi

conical. KITIIORTICUS.

'/(/. Antenna- \vith three basal joints glabrous. Thorax cordate, margin

acute, the second puncture in the hind angle. XXXV. ATUANTS.

Euphorticus jnilx.^crns Dej., Hack, shining and f> mm. in length.
ha.s been taken by Dury near Cincinnati and doubtless occurs in
the southern third of the State.

XXXV. ATRAXUS Lee. 1848. (Gr.. "dull or indistinct.")

This genus is represented in the United States by a single small
species having the thorax slightly broader than head; elytra mar-
gined at base, the tips rounded and surface striate.
2:: 1 ) (N4.1). ATUAXIS PUBESCI:NS Dej., Spec. III. 1827. 121'.

Elongate, slender. Black or pit-eons; antenna?, mouth parts, legs and
abdomen pale reddish-brown. Thorax longer than wide, sides feebly curved,
hind angles and median impressed line distinct. Elytral stria 1 rather deep;
intervals convex, each with two or three irregular rows of minute punc-
tures, bearing fine yellow hairs. Length ti-7.5 mm.

Vigo. Knox and Posey counties; scarce. April 10-October 20.
Occurs beneath cover in open sandy woodland. Resembles Plali)-
n us pusillus very much in form, but darker in color and with tin-
elytra rounded, not sinuate at tip.

Tribe X. CTENODACTYLIXI.

Antennae slender, base free, three basal joints glabrous, first
joint stouter, as long as the next two; joints three to 11, equal or

138 FAMILY II. CARABID^E.

nearly so. Head rhomboidal, prolonged behind the eyes and nar-
rowed to a very slender neck. Mentum deeply emarginate, toothed.
Thorax elongate, narrower than head, the margins very feeble ; sides
with a bristle-bearing puncture near the middle and another at
hind angle. Elytra oblong-oval, not margined at base, side mar-
gins distinct and entire, tips rounded. Tarsi alike in both sexes,
the first joint as long as the next two. which are oval, the fourth
broad, deeply bilobed. Males with one seta on each side of apex of
last ventral segment ; females with two. The tribe is represented
in the United States by a single genus.

XXXVI. LEPTOTRACHELUS Latr. 1802. (G-r., " slender + tho-

rax.")

Thorax narrow, elongate. Ligula entire, slender, usually nar-
rowed in front. But one species and a variety occur in the United
States. The former is found in Indiana.

240 (846). LEPTOTBACHEI.US DORSALIS Fab.. Syst. EL. I. 229; Say. II. 447.
Elongate, very slender. Head and usually the thorax piceous ; an-
tennae, legs and elytra brownish-yellow, the latter with a piceous stripe
along the suture. Thorax subcylindrical, one-half longer than wide, finely
and sparsely punctured near base and apex. Elytral striae rather deep,
with close, distinct punctures : intervals convex, the third with three small
punctures. Length 7-8 mm.

Lake, Wells and Spencer counties : one specimen from each.
May 14 May 28. Occurs on low herbs in open woods and probably
inhabits the entire State.

Tribe XI. ODACANTHIXI.

Antennas slender, free at base, first joint as long as the next two.
three basal joints glabrous. Head oval, elongate, prolonged behind
the eyes and narrowed to a neck. Thorax narrow, the margin
feeble or entirely obliterated, sides with a seta near the middle and
a second, often feeble, at hind angles. Elytra oblong-oval, base not
margined, sides narrowly inflexed. apex truncate. Tarsi slender,
rarely flattened, the fourth joint entire or feebly emarginate; daws
simple. The tribe is represented in the United States by a single
genus.

XXXVII. CASXONIA Latr. 1806. (Gr., "to look toward + noth-

ing.")

Very slender beetles, having the bristlp-bparing punctures of
the second stria of elytra indistinct and rarely more than four in
number. One species occurs in the State.

THE GROUND BEETLES.

139

*241 (847). CASNONIA PENNSYLVANIA Linn., Syst. Nat. II. 620; Say, II.

447.

Head and thorax black; elytra dull red with three spots, forming an
interrupted transverse band, and the apex black ; antennae dusky, the three
basal joints reddish ; legs pale, the knees dusky or black. Thorax cylin-
drical or nearly so, broader at base than apex. Elytra ovate, the strife
coarsely punctured on basal hall'. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 80.)

Throughout the State; common. January 30-October 21. Oc-
curs beneath logs, leaves, etc.. along fence rows and borders of
woods. A unique and easily known insect.

Fig. 81. Fig. 80.

Fig. 79.
(After Packard.)

Fig. 78.

Tribe XII. DKYPTIXI.

Antennae tapering gradually to a point, free at base. Head
constricted at a variable distance behind the eyes to a narrow neck ;
front narrowed before the eyes. Mentum deeply emarginate ; max-
illary palpi moderately long, the terminal joint more or less trian-
gular. Thorax often moderately long, the side margins acute, the
set* at. hind angle usually absent. Elytra not margined at base,
side margins acute, entire ; apex truncate, dorsal punctures absent.
Prosternum not prolonged ; hind coxa3 contiguous. The males have
the front, tarsi dilated, sometimes very slightly, and densely pu-
bescent beneath. Representatives of one genus have been taken in
Indiana, while a single species of another doubtless occurs in the
southern counties.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DBYPTINI.

a. Head elongate-oval, prolonged behind the eyes; neck inserted in thorax
by a semigiobular condyle: clypeus with two bristle-bearing punc-
tures each side; larger, 17 or more mm. XXXVIII. GALERITA.
on. Head triangular, scarcely prolonged behind the eyes, very suddenly con-
stricted to a narrow, cylindrical neck; Clypeus with but one punc-
ture on each side, the seta long; smaller, not over 5 mm. Zrrun M.

140

FAMILY IT. CABABTDJE.

XXXVIII. GALERITA Fab. 1801. (L., "a helmet.")

Pubescent beetles of medium size and graceful form, having the
head and elytra black or bluish-black, the thorax cordiform, red-
dish-brown. Head elongate-oval, strongly constricted behind; neck
slender; first joint of antennre elongate. Elytra oval, broadly
obliquely truncate behind, finely striate. They occur beneath
cover, along fence rows and in open woodlands and are often at-
tracted in great numbers by electric lights. Dr. Forbes dissected
17 specimens of G. jamts and found that 88 per cent of their food
consisted of cankerworms and other injurious forms, the canker-
worms alone making up 52 per cent, A synoptic table of the genus
is given by

1 ,<! I c.B\\\\. Brook. Ent. Soc., II, 1870, 61.

Five species of the genus are known from the United States,
two of which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SL'liC'IKS OF GALERITA.

a. Head behind the eyes strongly rounded; pubescence of elytra uniform.

obliquely decumbent. 242. JAN is.

int. Sides of head longer behind, oblique and less rounded; pubescence of

elytra erect near the soutelluni. 243. DICOI.OIJ.

I'll' (sr.l ). GALERITA JANUS Fab., Syst. Eleut.. I. 1801. 36; Say. II. 44U.

Elongate-oval. Black, densely clothed with short hairs; legs, palpi,
thorax and base of antennae reddish-brown. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, the margin reflexed -at hind angles, which are rectangular. Elytra 1
stria* fine, not punctured; intervals flat, finely, transversely rugose. Length
17-22 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 21-August 14.

*243 (853). GALERITA BICOLOR Drury. Ins.. I. 1770. !>4.

Very similar to the preceding. Distinguished by the char-
acters given in key and by its usually smaller size and
sin. Hither elytra. The latter are more often blue-black than
black. Length 17-21 mm. (Fig. si', i

Throughout the State: common. -January 1 -Octo-
ber 12. A pair were found mating on May 23.

Zuphiunt Him >-ic*ni)i)n Dej. has been taken by Dury
near Cincinnati, ft is a small, slender brown form,
living under H;|| stones and runs very rapidly when
uncovered.

jl. S2.
(Original. )

THE GROUND BEETLES. 141

Tribe XIII. LUIUIX!.

Autenme slender, arising 1 from beneath a slight frontal ridge,
the three basal joints usually glabrous. Head oval, constricted to
a neck or not. Mentum more or less emarginate, toothed or not;
palpi variable, the terminal joint equal to or longer than the pre-
ceding, the latter with two seta* in front. Thorax variable in form,
sides distinctly margined and with a seta on each side and at basal
angle. Elytra truncate at tip, the margin acute, entire and nar-
rowly inflexed. Prosternum usually obtuse at tip ; hind coxa? con-
tiguous.

The following papers treat of the genera composing the tribe :

Horn. "Revision of the Species of Lebia of the United States"
in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1872, 130-142.

Horn. "Synoptic Tables" of most of the genera, in Bull.
Brook. Ent, Soc., II, 1880, 86; IV, 1881, 39-44; 53-55.

Horn. ' ' Synopsis of the Species of the Tribe Lebiini ' ' in Trans.
Amer. Ent. Soc., X, 1882, 126-163.

The tribe is a large one, embracing no less than 21 genera in the
United States fauna. Of these, 14 are represented in the collection
from Indiana, while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF LEBIINI.

(i. Tibial spurs very long.

b. Head not constricted behind the eyes; tarsal claws in our species

with fine, short teeth ; tibial spurs with tine teeth.

XXXIX. TETRAGONODERUS.

b&. Head constricted ; tarsal claws with long teeth ; tibial spurs simple.

NEMOTARSUS.
an. Tibial spurs short or at most moderate in length.

c. Mandibles with distinct grooves on outer side.

d. Head* constricted behind the eyes. XL. LI:I:IA.

<1<1. Head not constricted.

e. Labrum large, prominent, covering in great part the mandibles:
antenna? with three basal joints glabrous; elytra dark bluish-
green. XL I. COPTODERA.
ec. Labrum moderate, not large.

f. Tarsi slender, fourth joint entire.
//. Labial palpi slender: color black or piceous.
7(. Thorax truncate at base.

i. Mentum not toothed; claws of tarsi serrate; length <l-

7.5 mm. XLII. DROMIUS.

ii. Mentum toothed: claws of tarsi simple; smaller, not

over 4 mm. XLIII. APRISTI s.

till. Thorax slightly lobed at base; claws of tarsi serrate;

length less than 4 mm.
/. Mentum not toothed. XLIV. BLECHRUS.

142 FAMILY II. CAEABIDJE.

jj. Mentum with a small emarginate tooth.

XLV. METABLETUS.

gg. Labial palpi thick, oval; claws of tarsi more or less serrate;

length 3 mm. XLVI. AXINOPALPUS.

//. Tarsi with the fourth joint emarginate or bilobed; tarsal claws

serrate.
/,. Thorax truncate at base; men turn toothed.

/. Tarsi with fourth joint bilobed; elytra blue or green.

XLVII. CALLIUA.

//. Tarsi with fourth joint einargiuate.
in. Tarsi not hairy above; size medium, 7-11 mm.

//. Last joint of labial palpi more or less triangular or
hatchet-shaped; thorax with sides rather widely
margined near base, which is squarely truncate.

XLVIII. PLOCHIONUS.

mi. Last joints of both palpi similar, more m- less cylin-
drical, truncate. XLIX. PINACODEKA.
mm. Tarsi hairy above; next to last joint of labial palpi
usually with more than two sette; length 10-15 mm.

L. CYMINDIS.

/,/,. Thorax lobed at middle of base: tarsi hairy above; last joint
of labial palpi hatchet-shaped. LI. APENES.

GG. Mandibles without grooves on outer side ; nieutum not toothed :
fourth tarsal joint not dilated; claws simple.

LII. PENTAGON u A.

XXXIX. TETRAGONODERrs Dej. 1825. (Gr, "four + angled.")

Small piceous or brownish-yellow beetles, separated from allied
genera mainly by the characters given in key. One species has
been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TETRAGONODERUS.

n. Elytra in great part piceous; legs and outer joints of antenna^ piceuus;

prosteruum margined at tip. INTERSECTUS.

iia. Elytra more brownish-yellow than piceons ; legs and antennae wholly

brownish-yellow; prosteriuim not margined. 244. FASCIATI s.

T. iniersectus Germ., 5-6 mm. in length, has been taken in Ken-
tucky and the Gulf States, and perhaps occurs in southern Indiana.

244 isr.c.i. TETKAGONODERUS FASCIATU.S Ilald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..

I, 1842, 298.

Ovate, subdepressed. Head and thorax piceous. bronzed, minutely alu-
taceous ; elytra grayish or dull yellow, with a semicircular space about the
scutellum, a broad irregular broken band at middle, and the apical fourth
piceous. Thorax one-bait' wider than long, sides curved, hind angles dis-
tinct; disk smooth, the median line distinct. Elytra oval, rather deeply
striate, the stria* not punctured; intervals convex, the third with two small
dorsal punctures. Males with three joints of the front tarsi dilated and
clothed with small scales beneath; last ventral notched at middle of hind
margin. Length 4.5 mm.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 143

Throughout the State; frequent. April 19-September 27. Oc-
curs beneath logs, chips, etc., only in sandy localities, where its hues
blend with the surroundings in such a manner as to make it visible
only when it moves. This it usually does not do for some time
after its cover is removed.

Nemotarsus elegans Lee., 5-5.5 mm. in length, brownish-yellow,
ilic elytra piceous with an oval spot near the base and the apex
paler, has been taken in Illinois and Maryland and doubtless occurs
in Indiana.

XL. LEBIA Latr. 1802. (Gr., "shallow or thin.")

Small, rather broad-bodied beetles, usually prettily variegated
in hue, possessing the characters of the tribe and known from al-
lied genera by the short tibial spurs, the groove on the outer side
of mandible, and by the head being constricted into a neck. The
thorax is but little wider than the head, much narrower than elytra,
while the tarsal claws are pectinate or comb-shaped. The elytral
stria j are, in most species, smooth.

They occur beneath stones and leaves, or in summer upon the
foliage and flowers of plants, where they feed upon plant lice and
other injurious forms ; the pectinate structure of their tarsal claws
enabling them to easily cling to the hairs or other inequalities of
the foliage.

About 36 species are known from the United States, 15 of
which have been taken in Indiana, while four others doubtless oc-
cur. For convenience they are separated into three groups and
these in turn into species.

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF LEBIA.

(i. Front tarsi of male somewhat obliquely dilated; both head and thorax
(except in tricolor) reddish-yellow, elytra wholly dark blue or green.

(iroup .-I.
mi. Front tarsi of male not obliquely dilated; both head and thorax imt

reddish-yellow, or if so, elytra not wholly blue.
It. Meiitum with a distinct tooth; elytra without pale stripes.

Group B.

l>l>. Mentuni not toothed: el.vlra with pale stripes (except in abdomi-
nalis). Group C.

GROFP A.

This group, to which the subgeneric name Loxopeza is some-
times applied, includes all the larger species with metallic green or
blue elytra. Two of its six forms have been taken in the State
and one other perhaps occurs.

I 10 '23402 I

144 FAMILY II. PABABTD2E.

KEY TO INDIANA SPKCIKS OF GROUP A.

. Head and thorax reddish-yellow ; elytra wholly dark hlue.
ft. Elytra deeply striate ; antenna? pale; length 8.5-9.5 roni.

245. GRANDIS.

ft&. Elytra finely striate ; three basal joints only of antennae pale ; length

6-7 mm. 246. ATEIVENTRIS.

mi. Head black, thorax reddish-yellow; elytra greenish-blue, deeply striate;

outer joints of antenna- darker; length 7-8.5 mm. TRICOLOR.

*:245 (872). LEBIA GRANDIS Hentz., Trans. Amer. Phil.

Soc., Ill, 1824, 58.

Ovate, subconvex. Color given in key; under sur-
face and legs pale brownish-yellow ; abdomen black.
Head finely wrinkled, very sparsely and finely punctate.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, margin broad :
disk with fine transverse wrinkles and distinct im-
pressed median line. Elytra finely alutaceous. Length
S.5-9.5 mm. (Fig. S3.)

Throughout the State, common in the south-
ern half; less so northward. February 8-De-
cember 20. Occurs especially in open woodland
and with the next, hibernates beneath partly

Fig. 83. (Alter Comstock.) . .

Lower figure shows natural size, buried logs and other cover.

*246 (87:; i. LKIUA ATRIVENTIIIS Say. Trans. Anier. 1'hil. Soc., II, 1823, 13;

ibid. II, 444.

Resembles the preceding but a third or more smaller. Elytra darker
blue: palpi, tarsi and apical two-thirds of antenna? piceons. Elytral stria?
very finely punctured; intervals fiat. Length 6-7 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 29-December 29.
L. Iricolor Say may yet be f ound in eastern Indiana, its range
being given as Middle States northward to Canada.

GROUP B.

This group comprises the true forms of Lcbia as defined by La-
treille. About 17 species and several varieties are known from'
North America. Of these the following have been taken, or per-
haps occur in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.

. Thorax coarsely and rather densely punctured; head, thorax and basal

third of elytra reddish-yellow; apical portion of elytra blue; length

8 mm. DIVISA.

<KI. Thorax not, or ver\ finely, pum-hiti-: elytra not colored as above; length

less than 7 mm.
ft. Elytra with fine or very shallow stria-.

THE GEOUND BEETLES. 145

<: Tarsal claws serrate rather than pectinate; palpi stout: elytra
brownish-yellow with two bluish bands; length G-7 mm.

I't LCHELLA.

cc. Tarsal claws pectinate, their teeth longer and not directed oblique-
ly outward.
(L Head smooth or very feebly punctured.

c. Uniform greenish-black; legs pale yellow; length 5 mm.

247. RHODOPUS.
ee. Color not black.

/. Elytra either wholly blue, green or olivaceous.
//. Head, thorax and elytra of one color.

li. Greenish or bluish; legs black; length 4.5-5.5 mm.

248. VIRIDIS.

lili. Olivaceous green; legs piceous brown or paler; length
3-3.5 mm. 249. PUMILA.

</!/. Body above not nnicolored.

i. Head and thorax reddish-yellow; abdomen black; length
0.5-7.5 mm. PLEURITICA.

//. Head greenish-black; thorax and entire body beneath
pale red; elytra bright green. 250. VIRJDIPENNIS.

/'/'. Elytra piceous, ornate with pale spots. 251. ORNATA.

<lil. Head coarsely punctured between the eyes; elytra piceous
spotted with brownish-yellow nearly as in nnnita ; length .",
3.7 mm. 252. 1,01:1 i. ATA.

lili. Elytra deeply striate: ^tria- not punctured.

./. Head with lengthwise wrinkles or stria* ; length 4.5-5 mm.

253. ANA us.

./'./. Head nearly smooth; elytra subovate. broader behind; length (i
7.5 mm. 254. FUSCATA.

L. divisa Lee., a member of the boreal fauna, has been recorded
from Lake Superior and Galesburg. Illinois, and perhaps occurs in
the extreme northern part of Indiana.

L. pulchclla Dej. has been taken near Cincinnati and its occur-
rence in the State is more than probable.

247 (882b). LEBIA RHODOPTS Schwarz. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 1878,
354.

Ovai, slender. Black or very dark olivaceous green, subopaque, finely
alntaceous; antenna- dusky, the third joint and legs pale reddish-yellow.
Head large, wider than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate; antenna-
more than half I he length of body, the outer joints stout. Thorax small,
sides feebly rounded, margins less broadly retlexed than in r/nV/x. Elytral
strife very fine; intervals almost flat. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Jennings and Franklin counties; rare, Juno 11 July 11.
Taken from Mowers of wild parsnip. A species of southern
Listed as a variety of riridi*. but in my opinion distinct,

146 FAMILY II. OABABIDJE.

248 (882). LEBIA VIRIDIS Say, Trans. Auier. Phil. Soc., II. 1823, 14; ibid.

II, 445.

Oval, subconvex. Either uniform green or dark purplish-blue, strongly
shining ; antemue piceous, the basal joints greenish. Head minutely and
very sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half wider than long, the margin nar-
row, except at hind angles, which are prominent. Elytral striae very fine;
intervals flat. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 5-October 14. More
abundant in May and June on flowers.

249 (883). LEBIA PUMILA Dej., Spec. V. 1830. 388.

Oval, slender. Piceous or dark olive-green above, black beneath; au-
tennaa piceous, the third joint pale. Thorax subquadrate, but slightly
wider than long. Elytra alntaceous, the stria? very faint. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. May 28-September 16. Our
smallest species of the genus.

L. pleuritica Lee., elytra blue tinged with green, is said to
occur sparingly from Canada to Texas.

*2r0 1 880). LEBIA VIRIDIPENNIS Dej.. Spec. I. 1825, 2<;r>.

Rather broad. Antenna? piceous, the three basal joints paler ; legs and
entire body beneath pale reddish-brown, the knees and tarsi darker. Head
with a few fine punctures. Thorax one-half wider than long, strongly
margined; disk very finely wrinkled. Elytral striae represented by rows
of very fine punctures. Length 5-6 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. March 9-December 28. Hiber-
nates beneath mullein leaves and logs in upland woods.

251 (889). LEBIA ORNATA Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 13; ibid.

II, 444.

Oval, slender. Head piceous. smooth ; thorax piceous with pale mar-
gin, rarely wholly pale yellow ; elytra piceous, with the narrow margin,
two large spots on basal half and two small ones at apex, dull yellow ; an-
tennae dusky, the three basal joints pale: body beneath and legs yellowish.
Length 4.5-5 mm.

Throughout the State ; common on flowers, especially goldenrod.
April 10-September 19.

252 (SS8). LEBIA LOBUI.ATA Lee.. X. Sp. X. Auier. Col.. T. 1st;:;. ',.

Oval, sul (depressed. Head black; thorax both above and beneath
piceous. the margin pale; elytra piceous with apical margin and a large
oblique subhumeral spot reaching nearly to suture, dull yellow ; antenna?,
under surface and legs pale reddish-yellow. Elytra rather finely striate.
Length 3-3.7 mm.

Crawford County : rare. A member of the Austroriparian
fauna. Taken at Cincinnati and probably occurs throughout the

THE GKOUND BEETLES. 147

southern third of the State. Very apt to be confused with ornata,
but easily distinguished by its punctured head and more deeply
striate elytra,

253 (892). LEBIA ANALIS Dej., Spec. I, 1825, 265.

Broadly oval. Head black ; antenna; piceous. the four basal joints
paler; thorax reddish-yellow, the margin paler; elytra black, each with
the narrow margin and usually a large irregular humeral spot and small
apical spot yellowish; under surface and legs pale yellow, abdomen darker.
Thorax broadly margined, finely and irregularly wrinkled. Length 4.5-
5.5 mm.

Southern third of State; frequent. April 19-November 7.
Taken by sweeping low herbs. Readily known by the longitudinal
stride on head and the deep elytral strife. The pale markings of
eltyra vary greatly in extent and have given rise to a number of
synonyms.

254 (893). LEBIA FUSCATA Dej.. Spec. I, 1825, 270.

Broadly oval, subdepressed. Head and disk of thorax piceous; elytra
pale brownish-yellow, each with a narrow marginal line, a large scutellar
spot and a spot just behind middle, black; rarely the spots behind middle
merge to form a broad cross-band ; antennae, legs and under surface red-
dish-yellow. Thorax finely wrinkled, margin broad. Length 6.5 mm.

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Pine,
Lake County, by Wolcott. July 23. Resembles closely some of
the color varieties of analis, but distinguished by the larger size.
smooth head and dark disk of thorax.

GROUP C.

This group comprises the Indiana species of the subgenera
Dianchomena and Aphelogenia, which are separated only by the
head being more strongly constricted behind the eyes in the former.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.

. Head suddenly and strongly constricted behind the eyes; vertex strong-
ly convex ; length 4.5-5.5 mm.

/). Thorax narrowly margined: head and elytra dull green, thorax red-
dish-yellow. 255. ABDOMINALIS.
bf). Thorax widely margined; head strigose at sides; elytra with black
and yellow stripes, shining, moderately striate. 256. SCAPULARIS.
tin. Head less constricted : vertex less convex.

c. Head and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter widely margined.
(I. Black stripes of elytra narrow; elytral striae fine; length 6.5-
7.5 mm. 257. FURCATA.

rM. Black stripes of elytrn broad: stride distinct; length 5.5-6 mm.

258. VITTATA.

148 FAMILY IF. CABABIDJE.

<<. Head black: thorax narrowly margined; elytra black, each with two
white stripes ; abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 259. BIVITTATA.

255 (894). LEBIA ABDOMINALIS Chaud.. Bull. Mosc.. 184:!. 104.

Rather slender. Color given in key; antenn;e piceous, the three basal
joints paler; legs and abdomen pale reddish-yellow, tarsi piceous; meso-
an:l metasterna nearly black. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Perry and Posey counties; rare. April 18-April 27. Taken
from beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. A species of southern
range. Resembles viridipennis, but smaller, elytra duller green
and body beneath partly black.

250 (895). LI-:I:IA sc APCLARIS De.j.. Spec. V, 1830, 377.

Oval, rather slender. Head, thorax and legs pale red-
dish-yellow; elytra piceous, each with the apical and side
margins and a median stripe yellow; antenna: 1 dusky, the
three basal joints paler. Thorax nearly twice as wide as
long, the margins wider and more retlexed toward base.
Klytral strife rather deep, not punctate; intervals flat.
Length 4.5-5.5 mm. (Fig. M. i

Fig. 84. < 4. Throughout the State ; common on leaves of elder

and other plants in summer. April 13-October 11.
Takes to wing when disturbed. The pale elytral stripes vary much
in width, often occupying more, space than the darker ones. The
latter are sometimes connected near their tips and the pale stripes
reduced to narrow lines, thus forming the variety cotijut/t ns Lee.

257 (897). LEBIA FURCATA Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1848, 19:;.

Rather broad, subdepressed. Head, disk of thorax and a triangular
stripe extending from base half way along the elytral suture reddish-yel-
low; elytra and margin of thorax pale yellow, the former with a median
and two lateral narrow black stripes, the median divided or forked on the
basal half to enclose the reddish-yellow stripe: antennae dusky, pale ai
base: femora and tarsi black, tihi-n pale. Head and thorax finely and
irregularly strigose. Length 0.5 -7.5 mm.

Lake. Vigo and Posey comities; rare. April 20- August 6.

25s is99i. LEBTA VITTATA Fab.. Sysf. Eleut. I. lsi)1. 202; Say. II, 44.",.

Uesembles fiin-titu but smaller and more narrow. The black stripes
are wider, the basal Turk of the median one much shorter: legs wholly
black or with the base of femora alone pale. Thorax more narrow and
elytral stria' deeper. Length 5.5-(i mm.

Vigo ('ouiity; rare. March 21. This species also resembles
scapularis but is easily distinguished by the broader neck- and black"
legs.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 149

*2.-i9 (902). LERIA BIVITTATA Fab.. Ent. Syst. Snpp., 3798, 59.

Oval, rather broad. Thorax reddish-yellow; white stripes of elytra
narrow, the outer one the shorter ; legs black, the tibiae pale. Head finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax slightly broader than long, sides distinctly
curved, apex much broader than base. Length 5.5-6 rnrn.

Vigo County; scarce. January 5-December 28. Hibernates
beneath chunks in the corners of rail fences about which piles of
dead leaves have drifted. A member of the Austroriparian fauna.

XLI. COPTODERA Dej. 1825. (Gr., "cut + neck.")

Small bluish beetles, having the meutum deeply emarginate,
without a tooth ; first joint of tarsi as long as the next two, fourth
feebly emarginate; tarsal claws pectinate. But one species is
known from the Eastern United States.

260 (904). COPTODERA JEKATA Dej., Sp. I, 1825, 277.

Rather broad, subdepressed. Head, thorax and under surface piceous:
elytra bluish-green ; antennae and legs dark brown or piceous. Head finely
wrinkled on side near the eyes. Thorax twice as wide as long; sides dis-
tinctly curved, rather broadly margined near the base; hind angles obtuse.
Elytral striae fine, not punctured. Middle tibia- of males distinctly notched
on inner side near tip. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.

Southern half of the State, frequent ; Lake County, rare. April
15-October 10. Occurs on vegetation and beneath bark.

XLII. DROMIUS Bon. 1813. (Gr., "a runner.")

Small piceous beetles, having the palpi and tarsi slender, the
fourth joint of latter not bilobed nor emarginate; tarsal claws ser-
rate; mentum without a tooth. One of the two species is found in
Indiana.

261 (906). DROMIUS PICEI:S Dej.. Spec. V. 1829, 363.

Ovate, slender, depressed. 1'iccous. moderately shining ; antenna*, mouth
parts and legs, and narrow margins of thorax and elytra, pale brownish-
yellow. Head with lengthwise wrinkles above the eyes. Thorax slightly
wider than long, narrower at base; sides curved with a rather wide re-
flexed margin; disk finely wrinkled, the median line distinct, hind angles
obtuse. Elytral stria- fine, indistinctly punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex. Length 6-7.5 mm.

Jennings County; scarce. November 20. Occuvs beneath bark.

XLIII. APRISTUS Climid. 1846. (Gr., "without + saw. ")

Small black species having the tarsal claws simple; mentum
toothed; ligula small, cordilorm with Pour seta 1 in front; thorax

150 FAMILY II. CARABID^E.

truncate at base. Four species are known from the United States,
two of which have been taken in Indiana. They occur in damp,
sandy localities.

262 (90S). APRISTUS CORDICOLLIS Lee.. Ami. Lye. Nat. Hist, IV, 1848, 190.

Black with slight tinge of blue ; antennae piceous ; legs black. Thorax
cordate, slightly wider than long, side margins a little broader and more
renexed near base; median line deep, reaching basal margin; hind angles
acute, slightly prominent. Elytra! striae deeply impressed; intervals rather
.strongly convex. Males with three joints of front tarsi dilated and with
two rows of small scales beneath. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Marion, Vigo and Morgan counties; rare. April 6-October 15.
Larger than the next, the elytra flatter, the intervals more convex.

263 (909). APRISTUS SUBSULCATUS Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 451.

Piceous, bronzed ; elytra often brownish. Thorax with sides less curved
in front, less sinuate behind than in cvrrlicoUis; hind angles rectangular
nnt prominent, the margins not wider behind; median line fine, usually not
[caching the basal margin. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Vigo and Lawrence counties ; rare. May 29-July 20.

XLIV. BLECHRUS Motsch. 1848. (NL., "black.")

Very small black shining species, differing from those of allied
genera by having the base of thorax slightly lobed; men turn not
toothed ; ligula small with two seta in front ; claws of tarsi serrate.
Two of the three species have been taken in Indiana.

264 (911). BLECHRUS NIGRINUS Mann., Bull. Mosc., II, 1843, 184.

Elongate, depressed. Black or piceous, shining. Thorax one-fourth
wider than long, broadest one-third from apex; sides moderately curved in
front, slightly sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular ; disk very finely
wrinkled, median line deeply impressed. Elytra oblong, nearly parallel,
one-third longer than head and thorax: faintly striate near the suture.
Length 3-3.5 mm.

Vigo County; scarce. April 15. Occurs beneath bark in open
woods.

26.". (913). BLECHKIS pi ,sio Lee.. New Sp. N. Ainer. Col.. I. 1863, 6.

I'.lack-hnm/od. very shining. Thorax not wider than long, widest just
behind the apex, more narrowed behind, the hind angles indistinct. Elytra
almost smooth, not longer than head and thorax, their sides distinctly
curved. Length 2 mm.

Marion and Clark counties ; scarce. May 5-October 9. Occurs
beneath bark on oak logs. One of the smallest of our Carabida-.

THE GEOTTND BEETLES. 151

XLV. METABLETUS Sch.-Goeb. 1846. (Gr., "changeable.")

Represented in the United States by a single small, oblong black
beetle having the ligula elongate-oval with five short setae in front,
thorax slightly lobed at base, mentum with a small tooth notched at
apex.

266 (914). METABLETUS AMERICANUS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 361.

Rather slender, subclepressed. Uniform black, shining. Thorax nearly
twice as wide as long, narrowed behind ; median line distinct, deep ; margin
very narrow, hind angles distinct, not prominent. Elytral striae very faint,
not punctured. Length 3.5 mm.

Lake County; rare. May 14. Taken from beneath bark of
pine. Resembles Blechrns nigritnis in form and size. A member
of the boreal fauna.

XLVI. AXINOPALPUS Lee. 1848. (Gr., " ax + palpus.")

Very small beetles having the mentum emarginate, distinctly
toothed ; labial palpi thick, the last joint oval ; maxillary palpi long
and slender, the last joint cylindrical and acutely prolonged at tip.
One species occurs in Indiana.

267 (915). AXINOPALPUS HIFLAGIATUS Dej.. Spec. I, 1825, 243.

Rather broad, subdepressed. Piceous, shining ; antenna? dusky, paler
at base; legs and an oblique stripe, extending from humerus to middle of
elytra, pale yellow. Thorax less than. twice as wide as long, slightly cor-
date; sides curved, sinuate near the hind angles, which are rectangular;
median impressed line distinct, entire. Elytra faintly striate on middle of
disk. Length 3 mm.

Lake, Marshall and Marion counties ; scarce. June 24 Novem-
ber 23. Occurs beneath bark in damp localities.

XLVII. CALLIDA Dej. 1825. (Gr., "beautiful.")

Small elongate beetles, usually of bright metallic colors and in
our species having the upper side of tarsi convex, mot sulcate or im-
pressed. One species has been taken in Indiana, while another
should occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CALLIDA.

a. Body above bicolored; thorax red, elytra blue or green.

268. PUNCTATA.

aa. Body bright blue or green ; elytra not longer than head and thorax,
their striae fine, intervals flat. PUKPUREA.

268 (923). CALLIDA PUNCTATA Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist, IV, 1848, 189.
Elongate, narrow, convex. Head usually dark blue; thorax reddish-
yellow ; elytra bright green ; legs yellow, the tips of the femora and tarsi

152 FAMILY IT. CARABID^.

piceous; antemue piceous. paler at base. Thorax a little lunger than wide,
widest slightly in front of middle ; margin very narrow, hind angles obtuse ;
disk transversely wrinkled, a few punctures near apex. Elytra oblong,
gradually broader behind; the stri;e tine, punctate; intervals flat, sparsely
punctate. Length 7-7.5 mm.

Northern half of State, frequent; Dubois county only in the
south. May 14-October 10. Often found on flowers. One of our
most handsome Carabids.

C. purpitrea Say, 7.5-9 mm. in length, ranges from Michigan to
Georgia. Missouri and Kansas, but has not yet been noted in In-
diana.

XL VIII. PLOCHIONUS Dej. 1825. (Gr., "a lock of hair.")

This genus is very close to Callida, being separated by the char-
acters given in key, and by the lignla having four setae instead of
two, as in Callida. One species occurs in Indiana.

200 (931). I'r.oc IIIONIS TIMIDUS Ilald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1842,

298.

Rather broad, depressed. Uniform dark brown, the margin of thorax
and elytra translucent. Thorax broader than long, sides strongly rounded,
base wider than apex; margin broad, hind angles rectangular; disk trans-
versely wrinkled, median line distinct. Elytral stria? deep, not punctured;
intervals convex, alutaceous. Males with the front tarsi narrowly dilated,
the first three joints with two rows of small scales beneath. Length
7-7.5 mm.

Marion County ; scarce. March 16-November 17. Probably hi-
bernates. Occurs in damp places beneath bark and rubbish.

XLIX. PINACODERA Schaum. I860. (Gr.. "flat + neck.")

Oblong, brown or piceous beetles of rather small size, having
the tarsi smooth above, the middle pair in male dilated. Hind
angles of thorax in our species obtuse, not prominent ; inner wings
well developed. Two species have been taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PINACODERA.

n. Elytra with pale humeral spot; thorax distinctly narrowed behind, its
margin broad and translucent. 270. LIMBATA.

n a. Elytra without pale spot at humerus ; thorax very little narrowed be-
hind, the margin narrow, scarcely translucent. 271. PLATICOLLIS.

270 (934). PINACOUERA LTMBATA De.i.. Spec. V, 1829, 320.

Rather slender, depressed. lark brown or piceous; antemue, legs,
margin of thorax, humeral spol and sides of elytra paler. Head slightly
wrinkled above the eyes. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides mod-

THE GPtOUND 15EETLEB. 153

erately curved ; disk nearly sum ,1 h. (lie median impressed line line. Kl.vtra
oval, slightly oblong; stri;e shallow, very linely punctate; intervals slightly
convex, alutaceous, the third with two dorsal punctures. Length 8-9.5 mm.

Crawford and Dubois counties ; scarce. April 29-July 2.

271 (935). PINACODERA PLATicor.us Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe.. II. 1X2:!.

14; ibid. 11. 445.

Resembles linibatu but slightly larger. Thorax with margin more nar-
row and more strongly retlexed; disk often slightly wrinkled and with a
few punctures near the liind angles. Elytra with pale margin very narrow
and without humeral spot; intervals nearly Hat. Length 9-11 mm.

Lake and Pulaski counties; scarce. April 10-October 23. Oc-
curs beneath bark and other cover in sandy regions.

L. CYMINDIS Latr. 1806. (Gr., "slender.")

Slender-bodied beetles of medium size, more or less hairy above,
with inner wings absent and tarsi hairy above. Our species have
the thorax narrowly margined and the entire upper surface very
strongly punctured. The males have the front tarsi with three
joints dilated and with two rows of small scales beneath. Two spe-
cies have been taken in Indiana.

*272 (944). CYMINDIS AMERICANA Dej., Spec. II, 1826, 446.

Rather slender. Piceous, feebly shining: antenna?, legs, humeral spot
and narrow side margin of elytra, pale reddish-brown. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, narrowed at base; sides curved in front, sinuate behind;
disk coarsely and equally punctured. Elytral strife deep, finely punctured :
intervals rather flat, their punctures coarser than those of stria/. Length
12-15 mm.

Steuben, Marion, Vigo, Putnam and Knox counties; scarce.
July 14-December 25. Hibernates.

273 (946). CYMINDIS PILOSA Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., II. 1X2:-!, lo;

ibid. II, 442.

Moderately elongate. Piceous with faint greenish lustre; surface very
distinctly hairy; antenna/ and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax about as
wide as long, much narrower at base, sides curved, slightly sinuate behind;
margin narrow, hind angles rectangular; disk coarsely and deeply punc-
tured. Elytral stria' deep, intervals slightly convex, irregularly and coarsely
punctured. Length 9.5-10 mm.

Lake, Steuben, Marshall, Marion and Putnam counties; fre-
quent. April 12-November 2. Easily known from americana by
the lack of humeral pale spot, the shorter and wider thorax and the
more sparsely punctate intervals. Occurs usually in dry or sandy
localities.

154

FAMILY IT.

LI. APENES Lee. 1852. (L., "without wings.")

Small piceous or bronzed species closely allied to Cymindis, and
differing principally in having the thorax lobed at base and the last
joint of labial palpi more broadly triangular. One species has been
taken in Indiana, while another doubtless occurs in the southern
counties.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES <>1 A PENES.

a. Head sulcate lengthwise; surface with metallic bronze luster; length

10 mm. LUCIDULA.

aa. Head simply and sparsely punctured; elytra shining, strife distinctly

impressed ; length 7 mm. 274. SINUATA.

A. lucidula Dej. occurs from "New York to Florida," and has
been taken by Dury near Cincinnati.

*274 (950). APENES SINUATA Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823. 8;

ibid. II, 440.

Elongate-oval. Head and thorax piceous ; elytra dark brown or piceous,
with a humeral space and two small subapical spots pale; antennae and
legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax one-third wider than long, sparsely punc-
tate, base narrower than apex ; sides moderately curved, margin very nar-
row, reflexed; hind angles distinct. Elytra oblong-oval, striae finely punc-
tured; intervals slightly convex, minutely alutaceous, the third with two
dorsal punctures. Length 6.5-7 mm.

Southern half of State ; scarce. February 14-December 7. Oc-
curs in open woodland, about the bases of trees and stumps.

LII. PENTAGONICA Schm.-Goeb. 1846. (Gr., ' ' five + angles.")
One small species represents this genus in the United States.

275 (954). PENTAGONICA FLAVIPES Lee., Trans. Arner.

Phil. Soc., X, 1853, 377.

Rather broad, resembling a small LeUa analis. Head
and elytra piceous, very ll^clj alntaceous; thorax,
basal portion of antennae and legs reddish-yellow;
sometimes wholly piceous with pale legs. Thorax
short, twice as wide as long, sides strongly angulate,
base narrowed ; median line distinct. Elytra feebly
striate without punctures. Length 3.5-4.5 mm. (Fig.
85.)

Rare. Two specimens from Lake County and
one from Marion. May 25-October 23. The
one from Marion County was found dead in a
porch light globe by H. Morrison.

Fig. 85. (After Horn.)
Line shows natural size.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 155

Tribe XIV. HELLUONINI.

Antennae rather stout, usually compressed, arising from under
a distinct frontal plate, all the joints more or less pubescent, first
joint stout, equal in length to the next two. Head broadly oval,
not narrowed in front of eyes, with a distinct neck; labrum large
and prominent, more or less concealing the mandibles; meutum
broad, deeply emarginate, usually toothed; terminal joint of palpi
elongate-oval or fusiform and obtuse at tip. Thorax more or less
cordate, sides and hind angles each with a distinct bristle-bearing
puncture. Elytra oblong, truncate at apex, base not margined,
sides narrowly inflexed, disk striate or sulcate without dorsal punc-
tures. Tibia? compressed and finely bicarinate on the outer edge.
Tarsal claws simple. The tribe is represented in the United States
fauna by but one genus.

LIII. HELLUOMORPHA Lap. 1840. (Gr.. " slender + form.")

Reddish-brown, strongly punctured, hairy beetles of medium
size, having the antenna 1 joints broadly compressed; elytra shorter
than abdomen, more or less costate instead of striate, broadly
rounded at tip. For synoptic table see

LeConte.~In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., II, 1879, 60.

Six species are known from the United States, two of which
have been taken in Indiana, while two others may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELLUOMORPHA.

a. Joints of antennae 5-10 square or broader than long.

I). Thorax longer than wide; elytra more strongly costate; abdomen
dark; elytral intervals with three rows of punctures. PR^USTA.
bb. Thorax as wide as long ; elytra less strongly costate.

c. Elytra and abdomen usually darker than thorax ; elytral intervals
with three confused rows of punctures. 276. BICOLOR.

cc. Uniform reddish-brown ; elytral intervals with two rows of punc-
tures. 277. TEXANA.
(ia. Joints of antennae 5-10 oblong; uniform reddish-brown; intervals with
three irregular rows of punctures. FERRUGINEA.

H. prce-usta Dej., 14 mm. in length, has been taken near Cincin-
nati and perhaps occurs in the extreme south of Indiana.

276 (959). HELLUOMORPHA BICOLOR Harr., New Eng. Farmer, VII, 1820,

117.

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and legs reddish-brown, elytra
darker. Thorax as wide as long, subcordate, narrower behind ; sides broadly

]56 FAMILY IT. - CAT7ABTD i:.

curved, sinuate behind : base truncate, hind angles rectangular; disk coarse-
ly. sparsely and irregularly punctured. Length 13-1G nun.

Vigo. Posey and Crawford counties; scarce. April 8-May 20.
Occurs beneath cover in dry upland woods.

Ill (9(10). HELIJ'OMORJMIA TKXAAA U-c.. Trans. Anier. I'hil. Sue.. X.
374.

Form and structure of biculor; unit'orin light reddisli-l)ro\vn : apical
half of antennae and tarsi darker. Length 14-17 rnm.

Marshall and Crawford counties; rare, June 29-August 8.
//. fcrntginea Lee., 13.5-15 mm. in length, is said to occur from
New York to Texas.

Section II. HARP ALINES UNISETOS^E.

This section is much smaller than the preceding, the tribes num-
bering only a third and the genera proportionally less numerous.
The essential character is the presence of but one bristle-bearing
puncture above each eye. The seta at or near the hind angle of
thorax is more often absent than present. Of the eight tribes, but
three are represented in the Indiana fauiui. These may be distin-
guished as follows :

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF HARPALIN^ UNISETOS.E.

a. Elytra truncate at apex ; mandibles with a bristle-bearing puncture in
outer groove ; hind coxte often separated, the first ventral segment
visible between them ; epimera of mesosternum usually wide, some-
times nearly as large as episterna. Tribe I. BRACHYNINI, p. 156.
a. Elytra always entire; mandibles without a bristle-bearing puncture;
hind cox;e contiguous ; epimera of mesosternum very narrow and in-
distinct.

It. Antennae with three basal joints glabrous; elytral margin more or
less interrupted and with an internal fold ; front tarsi of male with
three, rarely four, joints spongy pubescent beneath.

Tribe II. CHL^NIINI, p. 162.

/>'/. Antennae with two, rarely (Tachycellus) with three, basal joints gla-
brous; elytral margin not interrupted, no internal fold; male tarsi
variable. Tribe III. HARPALINI, p. 173.

Tribe I. BRACHYNINI.

Antenna- slender, the condyle of the basal joint exposed, two
basal and a portion of the third joint glabrous. Head gradually
narrowed behind the eyes into a neck; labrum broad, truncate;
mandibles stout, feebly curved, with a seta in outer groove; men-
Inm moderately broad, emarginate, toothed or not; the second joint
of palpi longer than the last. Thorax with short marginal setae;

THE GROUND BEETLES. 157

scutellum distinct. Elytra not margined at base, apex truncate
and with a membranous border: disk not or very feebly striate
and without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not prolonged. Tarsi
slender, the front pair in the males with three joints feebly di-
lated and covered with small scales beneath. The only genus in the
United States fauna is

LIV. BRACHYNUS Wei). 1801. (Gr., "short + back.")

Small or medium sized beetles with broad abdomen and narrow
head and thorax. The elytra are of a dark blue, blackish- or
greenish-blue color, while the head, thorax and legs are reddish-
yellow. The generic name refers to the shortness of the elytra.

They occur under logs or stones, usually in damp
places. In early spring some of the species are es-
pecially abundant and often gregarious in small
colonies. When disturbed they emit from a little
internal sac near the end of the abdomen a pun-
gent, volatile fluid which serves them as a means
of defense. This fluid is ejected with a sound like
that of a small popgun, and when it comes in con-
tact with the air it changes to a gas which appears Fig.se. Brachynus sty-
like steam. For this reason the members of the
genus are known as "bombardier beetles." When pursued by
some larger insect the bombardier discharges a part of the stored
liquid into the face of its enemy, the noise and gas so disconcert-
ing the pursuer that the bombardier often has time to escape.
Some forms are capable of discharging four or five times in suc-
cession.

But one paper has been issued on the United States species of
the genus, viz. :

LeCoutc. "Notes on the species of Brachiuus inhabiting the
United States," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1862, 523.

This does not include all of the North American species now
known, about 26 in number. The distinguishing characters are so
few that no satisfactory table is extant. Sixteen different forms
have been taken in Indiana. These were submitted to Mr. Liebeck,
who wrote me concerning them as follows:

"I assorted your lot of Brachynus and determined them by
comparison with the species in the Horn collection, which is Hie
best I could do. There the species are arranged in the order in
which they are listed by Henshaw, which differs from the old Le-

158 FAMILY TT. OABABID/E.

Oonte table. They were in all probability revised by Dr. Horn
without publishing the result."

The following table is based largely upon that of LeConte, and
was drawn up for the specimens as named by Mr. Liebeck and
afterward reviewed by Mr. Fall. Comparison was also made with
those in the LeConte collection at Cambridge.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRACHYNUS.

a,. Larger species, 10 to 15 mm.

1). Elytra gradually but distinctly widened behind, costate or subcostate.
c Elytral burner! distinct but rounded; thorax widest just in front

of middle.

(1. Thorax not longer than wide, the sides in front much rounded.
e. Abdomen fuscous; antennae with the fourth and following
joints darker. 278. ALTERNANS.

ee. Abdomen and antennae pale. 279. TORMENTARIUS.

dd. Thorax distinctly longer than wide, its sides less rounded.

280. DEYROLLEI.

cc. Humeri of elytra narrow, indistinct; thorax widest one-fourth

from apex. 281. AMERICANUS.

ft/*. Elytra but slightly widened behind, the sides parallel or nearly so,

the burner! distinct.

f. Thorax very wide in front, suddenly narrowed behind the middle:

elytra blackish-blue. 282. BALLISTARIUS.

/'/'. Thorax much narrower in front, more gradually narrowed behind:

elytra paler blue. 283. FUMANS.

(/(/. Medium sized or small species, not over 9.5 mm.

/;. Thorax wider than long, strongly constricted behind the middle.
//. Form slender; elytra smooth, feebly widened behind, their sides
almost, parallel. 284. GRACILIS.

lili. Form broader, the elytra gradually but distinctly widened from

base to apex.
i. Elytra together subquadrate, distinctly costate.

285. QUADRIPENNIS.

**. Elytra but faintly or obsoletely costate.

/'. Hind angles of thorax prominent ; antennae and abdomen in
part or wholly dark. 286. CORDICOLLIS.

./'./ Hind angles of thorax very slightly prominent: antennae and
abdomen wholly reddish-yellow. 287. CYANIPENNIS.

CHI. Thorax as long or longer than wide, the base much less strongly con-
stricted.

A. Joints 3 and 4 of antenn;p almost blar-ls. joints 5 to apex more or
less fuscous; abdomen wholly dark. 288. PULCHELUUS.

A-/.-. Joints 3 and 4 of antennae not darker than those which follow.
/. Hind angles of thorax not at all prominent ; hnmeri indistinct.
m. Abdomen with the sides dark ; thorax broadly rounded on the
sides in front ; larger. 7-9 mm. 289. PERPLEXUS.

mm. Abdomen wholly pale; thorax more strongly rounded on the
sides in front; smaller, not over 6 mm, 290. MINUTUS,

THE GKOUND BEETLES.

159

11. Hind angles of thorax prominent ; huineri distinct.
n. Elytra oblong, scarcely widened behind ; abdomen wholly pale ;
size small, not over 7 mm. 291. JANTHINIPENNIS.

nn. Elytra gradually but distinctly dilated behind ; abdomen dark,

at least on sides.

o. Narrow lateral edge and epipleura of elytra pale yellow ;
knees, sides of abdomen and metathorax dusky.

292. LATEKALIS.

oo. Lateral edge and epipleura of the same color as the elytra ;
front angles of thorax obtusely rounded ; very small, not
over 5.5 mm. 293. MEDIUS.

27S (973). BRACHYM'S ALTERNATE Dej., Sp. T, 1825, 316.

Elytra bluish-black; abdomen fuscous. Thorax at mid-
dle about as wide as long, front margin slightly concave,
the angles obtuse but distinct, hind angles rectangular.
Elytra distinctly costate, the intervals between the ridges
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 14-15 mm. (Fig.
87.)

Southern
Julv 4.

half of State- ; frequent. April 6-

*279 (975). BRACHYNUS TORMKNTARITS Lee., Ann. Lye. Fig. 87. x
Nat. Hist., IV, 1848. 200. (Original.)

Thorax as wide as long, front angles obtuse but distinct; hind angles
rectangular, not prominent. Elytra costate, the humeri distinct, broadly
rounded. Length 14-15 mm.

Vig-o ;md Posey counti<-s ; sr;uvc. Hibernates. January 1-
April 19. Very close to altcrnnux and probably only a variety of
that species.

280 (974), BRACHYNUS DEYROLLEI Laf., Rev. Zool., 1841, 42.

Antennae reddish-yellow, the apical portion darker; abdomen picenus.
Thorax distinctly longer than wide, slightly narrower than the head ; front
margin concave, the angles obtuse, hind angles distiuct'but not prominent.
Elytra subcostate, the humeri rounded but evident. Length 14-15 mm.

Knox County; rare. July 4.

281 (962). BRACHYNUS AMFRICANUS Lee., Proc. Phil.

Acad. Nat. Sci.. II. 1844, 48.

Elytra black, but faintly tinged with blue; four basal
joints of antennae pale, the remainder gradually dusky;
abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, the
base gradually constricted, hind angles rectangular. Ely-
tra distinctly but not strongly costate; intervals wide
and finely punctured; humeri very much sloping, not at
all distinct. Length 10-11.5 mm. (Fig. 88.)

Vigo, Knox, Crawford and Perry counties; fre-
quent. April 23-October 21.

Fig. 88. X 2.
(Original.)

[1123402]

)0 ! AMILY II. - (' \\l VI'-IILK.

2N2 (1)76). BRACHYNUS ISALLISTARII s Lee.. Ann. N. Y. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV.

184S. 111'.).

Elytra blue-black: antenna- reddish-brown at base, gradually dusky to
tip: abdnmeii blackish on sides, usually pale at middle. Thorax slightly
wider than long, widest in front of middle, suddenly much constricted be-
hind middle: front margin e ncave. hind angles prominent. Elytra dis-
tinctly costate. intervals sparsely punctulate. Length 11-13.5 mm.

Throughout tin- State; scarce. April 11-Septomber 7. The
margins of (lie Ihorax are wider and more reflexed, its sides much
more sin ngly sinuat" and its disk more sparsely punctate than in
the next species.

UN:: (1)77). P.KAciiYJNis ri'MAN.s Fab.. Syst. Eleut.. 1S01. 210.

More narrow and slender than Ixillixhiritix. Apical portion of antenn:e
a little darker than the base: < lytra more distinctly blue: abd mien reddish-
brown, the sides darker. Thorax abnut as wide as long, widest in frant
of middle, then gradually narrowed to base. Elytra oblung. the sides nearly
parallel, 'the hnmeri rounded but evident, distinctly costate. Length 11.5-
12 mm. (Fig. 81.)

Vigo and Pnsey counties: rare. April S-May 12.

2X4 ( ). BRACIIYNIS uKACir.is sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Antenmp reddish-yellow, joints ."> and 4
darker at tip: abdmnen wholly fnscons; elytra blackish-blue. Eyes large.
prominent. Thorax wider (ban long, widest near apex, front margin trun-
cate. the angles rounded; sides strongly margined, deeply sinuate; hind
angles prominent, acute, divergent. Elytra without trace of cost.e, the
humeri distinct. Length 1) mm.

Marshall County; rare. October 14.' Resembles ci/nni/x /mis.
but differs in being much more slender, with larger eyes, smoolh
elytra and dark abdomen.

L's". (lir.s). r.itAciiYM's ijTADKU'EXNis Dej.. Spec. I. 1825, MKi.

First two joints of antonn.-e and part of third pale, the remainder dark
reddish-bi'own ; abdomen almost black. Thorax wider than long, convex,
front slightly concave, hind angles prominent. Elytra together but little
longer than broad, strongly costate; hnmeri broadly rounded, distinct.
Length !)-!). 5 mm.

Vigo and Crawford coiinli"-; rare. Occurs in dry or sandy
localities. May 12-Iune If).

2SC. l!)~.S). I'.KACII v \i s ( OKHH 01 i is Dej.. Spec. II. 1S2li. -KIC..

FJylra lIacki-'li-!:lne : :Miienn e reddish-brown at base. Hie apical half
dusky; joints :; mid | dirkcr (lian (he others. Thorax wider (ban long.

THE OKOUXn ISKKTI.I'S. Ilil

(In 1 \vi<U'st part ni';irly twice I In 1 \vi<llh of (lie base. apex slightly concave,
liiud angles acute. divergent ; surface sparsely and linely punctured. Elvira
1ml little widened behind, obsoletcl.v coslate. Length 7.5-1) nun.

Throughout the State; frequent. April KM >etol>er 17.

2X7 (971). BKACI-IYNI s CYANIPENNIS SM.V. Jnurn. L'hil. Acad. Nat. Sci., Ill,
1S23, 14:.!; ibid. II, 01.

Elytra blue-black. Thorax shorter than usual, distinctly wider than
long. front angles obtusely rounded, bind ones evident, not prominent. Ely-
tra slightly wider behind, the humeri distinct but strongly roun<k'd. the
cost;e very faint. Length 8-0 mm.

Fulton County ; rare. June 20.

L'SS (- -). BliACllYNlS PULCHELI.l S Sp. llov.

Resembles /wr^/c,/-.v in form and sixe. Elytra distinctly darker. black-
ish-blue; sides of meso- and metasterna and entire abdomen fuscous. An-
tenna- with joints :i and 4 almost black. Thorax longer than wide, the base
gradually constricted, its disk more convex and bind angles acute and more
distinct than in /irritlc.rii*. Elytra almost smooth, the humeri distinct.
Length 7-0 mm.

Vigo and 1'osey counties; scarce. February 14-April IS.
From curd icoll i*. >mr only other small species with the third and
fourth joints of antenna 3 dark, it differs in the thorax being much
narrower and less constricted, and with less prominent hind angles.
This is one of tin 1 first species to appeal- in spring and is the only
one besides tormentarius which has been taken in the winter months.
It occurs in low, sandy localities.

280 (066). BEACHYNLS PEKPLEXUS Dej., Spec. V, 1820, 426.

Elytra dark blue; anteiime and entire under surface, except the sides
of abdomen, reddish-yellow. Thorax longer than wide, the widest part
about twice the width of base; front margin truncate, the angles obtuse;
hind angles not at all prominent; sides very broadly rounded in front of
middle. Elytra but little wider behind, obsoletely costate, nearly or quite
covering the abdomen; humeri evident but narrow. Length 8-0 nun.

Posey County; rare. April 9.

200 (065). BRACHYNTS MINLTTS Ha IT.. X. Eng. Ear., VII, 1828, 117.

Smaller and more slender than j<tiitli>in/>< miix, which it resembles
closely in form and color. Thorax more narrow, distinctly longer than
wide, much less constricted behind, the bind angles scarcely evident. Humeri
narrow, less rounded than in the next. Length 5.:! 6 mm.

Marshall, Fulton, AVhitley and Kosciusko counties; scarce.
-June 5-August 17. This is the i>nmilio of LeConte, which is re-
garded as a synonym of ntiiniiux, though the latter is said by liar-

L62 FAMILY IT. CATiABIlU':.

ris to have the abdomen and antenna? fuscous. In the LeConte
collection at Cambridge the single example labeled minutus is simi-
lar to the Indiana specimens, as is also the type of pumilio bearing
that label and placed at the side of the other specimen. If a com-
parison with the Harris type shows the two to be different the name
pumilio will stand.

291 (963). BRACHYNUS JANTHINIPENNIS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 412.

Elytra dark blue, often with a faint greenish tinge ; antennae, legs and
entire under surface reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer than wide,
hind angles prominent; surface not punctate, faintly, transversely strigose.
Elytra parallel, the costee evident. Length 6.5-7 mm.

Northern half of State ; frequent along the shores of lakes. May
20-August 8.

292 (972). BBACHYNUS LATKKALIS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 426.

Apical half of antennae dusky ; legs, except the knees, pale yellow ; ely-
tra dull blackish-blue with pale lateral margin. Thorax less narrowed be-
hind than in allied forms, hind angles acute, but slightly prominent; elytral
costee obsolete, the humeri distinct. Length 8-9.5 nun.

A species of southern range, known from Indiana by a single
specimen taken in Posey County. April 10.

293 (967). BEACHYNUS MEDIUS Harr., New Eug. Far., VII, 1828, 117.
Antennae fuscous ; abdomen dark brown. Thorax as long as wide, the

front margin concave, the front angles deflexed and obtusely rounded. Ely-
tra slightly wider behind, the humeri rounded but distinct, the costse evi-
dent but faint. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

Vigo County ; rare. April 24. Our smallest species.

Tribe II. CHLJKNIINI.

Antenna? slender, arising from beneath a slight frontal ridge,
the three basal joints glabrous. Head not narrowed behind the
eyes to a neck ; labrum transverse, truncate or emarginate ; clypeus
more or less prolonged between the mandibles which are feebly
curved and without a seta on outer side; mentum broad, usually
emarginate and toothed. Thorax variable in form, the setae of the
margin either slender or wanting. Body not pedunculate, scutel-
lum distinct. Elytra margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed,
surface striate without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not pro-
longed ; hind coxas contiguous. Tarsi slender, claws simple. Males
with three or four joints of front tarsi dilated and densely spongy
beneath. The tribe is represented in the United States fauna by
seven genera, six of which occur in Indiana.

THE GTtOUND TJEETLKS. Ki,'!

KEY TO INDIANA GENEKA OF CHL.ENIINI.

/. Punctures of eighth stria of elytra distant from the margin, the ninth
stria very distinct; eyes regular in outline, not truncate behind ; culm 1
mostly green or bine-black.
/>. Meutum with a distinct lobe each side; length S or more mm.

c. Meutum toothed in the center of the notch. LV. CHL.ENU s.

cc. Meutum not toothed. LVI. ANOMOGLOSSI s.

bl>. Mentnin without lobes, truncate in front; length 9-9.5 mm.

LVII. BKACHYLOUL s.
mi. Eighth stria of elytra very close to the margin, the ninth indistinct ;

eyes truncate behind ; color black or piceous.

<I. All the tarsi pubescent beneath; clypeus with a bristle-bearing punc-
ture each side; la bruin with six set;v ; length 9.5-10 mm.

LVIII. LACHNOCREPIS.
(/(/. Hind tarsi not pubescent beneath.

c. Front tarsi of males with four joints dilated, the first three spongy
beneath ; clypeus without bristle-bearing punctures ; labruin with
six setae; length 5-6 mm. LIK. ANATRICHIS.

ee. Front tarsi of male with three joints dilated and spongy; second
joint of labial palpi without setse in front: thorax as wide at
base as elytra ; length 7.5 or more mm. LX. OODES.

LV. CHL^ENIUS Bon. 1813. (Gr.. "a cloak or mantle.")

This genns is composed of greenish- or bluish-black oblong
beetles of medium or large size. They are mostly finely pubescent,
and when handled give off an odor like that of morocco leather. In
a number of species the base of thorax is as wide as that of elytra.
They live beneath stones, logs, etc., the majority of the species being
found in damp localities, where they feed largely upon other in-
sects. In 23 individuals dissected by Dr. Forbes, 83 per cent, of
the stomach content was found to be of animal origin. Of this 65
per cent, was of insects, chiefly cutworms, canker-worms and other
injurious forms, so that the genus ranks high among the beneficial
Carabidge.

About 43 species of Chlsenius are known from the United States.
Of these, 16 have been taken in Indiana, while two others perhaps
occur. The principal papers treating of the genus are as follows :

LeConte. "Analytical Table of the Species of Chiasmus in the
United States," in. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VIII, 1856, 25.

Horn. -"Revision of the Species of Chla?nius in the United
States," in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc.. V, 1876, 253.

Horn.. "Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., IV.
1882, 3.

For convenience the Indiana species are first divided into two
groups and these in turn into species.

164 FAMILY IT. CARABTI >.K

Khi'i 'I'D (iKUl r.x OK (MIA IN A M'l ,( I KM (IK C 1 1 L. KM I ,S.

a. Third joiut of antenna* longer than fourth; middle tibiae of male with a

pubescent space near the tip. Group A.

<t<i. Third joint of antennae not longer than fourth (except in toincntosns) ;

middle tibia? of male without a pubescent space at tip. Group Ji.

GROUP A.

In this group the males have a pubescent space of greater or
less extent near the tip of the middle tibia-. This is usually on the
outer edge, but sometimes in front of the tibia 1 . The basal line and
side margin of the elytra unite at the humerus to form either a dis-
tinct angle or a regular curve: and ''basal line angulate at hu-
merus" and "basal line curved at humerus" are terms used to
designate the two modes of union.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.

it. Abdomen smooth at middle, sparsely and finely punctured on the sides.
I). I'rosternum not margined at tip, feebly punctured or smooth in front ;

male with front femora subangulate at base.

c. Color bright green, shining ; length 12-14 mm. 294. SOLITARIUS.

cc. Color dark blue; thorax subopaque, elytra opaque; length 13-

15 mm. 295. LEUCOSCELIS.

bit. Prosternum margined at tip, coarsely punctured in front; color green.

the last ventral segment nearly wholly brownish-yellow ; length

17 mm. 290. PHASINUS.

(ia. Abdomen sparsely punctured at middle, more densely at sides.

<1. Episterna (side pieces) of metasteruum short, the outer side shorter

than the front one; thorax narrower at base than elytra.
c. Thorax greenish-bronzed above, the sides distinctly sinuate near
base; front femora of male subangulate at base. 297. JESTIVUS.
ee. Thorax violet or purplish-blue above, not sinuate near base.

f. Thorax wider than long: front femora of male subangulate at
base. PLATYDERUS.

//. Thorax about as long as wide; front femora of male simple.

208. DIFFINIS

(Id. Episterna of metasternum long, the outer side longer than the front

one.
//. Sides of thorax not or feebly sinuate near base.

//. Color bright green to blue, legs pale. 299. SERICEUS.

Jilt. Color blackish or dark blue.

/. Smaller, 13-15 mm.; base of thorax as wide as elytra; front

femora of male toothed at base. 300. LATICOLLIS.

U. Larger, 21-23 mm. ; base of thorax narrower than elytra ; front

femora of male simple. FUSCICORNIS.

!l{). Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base; color and size of fiix-

dcornis. 301. ERYTHROPUS.

TIII<: (iiioi'ND r.KKTU'S. 1G5

294 (100!)). CIIL/ENIUS soLiTARii-s Say. Trans. Anier. 1'hil. Soc.. LI. 1N23.

05; ibid. II. 487.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Above brigbt green; legs and basal por-
tion of antennae pale yellow ; under surface dark reddish-brown, the last
ventral segment margined with dull yellow. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, base and apex almost equal and much narrower than elytra ; sides
rather strongly curved in front, sinuate near base, hind angles rectangular;
disk sparsely punctured along the base and apex. Elytral intervals convex,
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 12-14 mm.

Starke. Vigo, Martin. Posey and Clark counties; scarce. April
15-December 10. Resembles in-<ixinus in color but smaller, brighter
green and with much narrower thorax.

295 (1008). CHI^ENIVS LEUCOSCELIS Chevr.. Col. Mex., I, 1834. 71.
Elongate-oval. Above dark violet blue; antemue and legs reddish-
brown: under surface piceous. Thorax as in solitari-us, the basal impres-
sions and median line deeper, the former long and curved; center of disk
each side not punctured. Elytral intervals subconvex. rather densely and
finely punctulate. Length 13.5-10 mm.

Clark and Floyd counties; frequent beneath stones along the
Ohio River. April 15-October f ).

290 (1007). CHL^ENIUS PBASIXTS Dej.. Spec. II. 1820. 345.

Elongate oval, robust. Above bright green; legs and antenn:e pale:
under surface black, the last ventral segment dull yellow. Thorax broader
than long: sides curved in front, gradually narrowed from middle to base.
which is distinctly narrower than elytra; hind angles obtuse; disk coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Elytral stria* shallow, distinctly punctured: inter-
vals rather densely and finely punctate. Length 17-18 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent in damp localities. April 16-
Inly 14. Tn one specimen from Vigo County the elytra are blackish-
green.

297 1100.",). CiiL.-ENirs .ESTivrs Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. 11, 1S23. 02;
ibid. II. 484.

Elongate-oval. Head and thorax green, slightly bronzed; elytra black
with bluish tinge; legs and three basal joints of antennse pale; under sur-
face black. Head, except the middle of front, coarsely and deeply punctate.
Thorax nearly as long as wide, sides feebly sinuate near base, disk coarsely
and densely punctured. Elytral strhe finely punctured; intervals finely,
densely and indistinctly punctulate. Length 10-17 mm.

Southern part cf Stale, frequent; much less so in 1ln> northern
counties. April 12-June 28.

('. plal'ijtlo'iis ('hand.. !!..") mill, in Icnglli. is recorded I'roni Illi-
nois a"d wesl \vai d. and possihly occurs in western Indiana.

166 FAMILY IT. CARABID/E.

298 (1001). CHI.-KXJUS DIFFINIS Chaud.. Bull. Mosc., III. 1856, 279.

Elongate-oval, robust. Bluish with a tinge of green; elytra darker;
antenna? brown, three basal joints paler. Head coarsely punctured, smooth
at middle and in front. Thorax with base very little broader than apex,
sides moderately curved in front, slightly converging, not sinuate near base;
disk moderately convex, densely and coarsely punctured. Elytral stria with
rather distant punctures; intervals flat, rather densely punctulate. Length
13-15 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 11 -July 14.

*299 (996). CHL^ENIUS SEBICEUS Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins. Cent.. I, 1771, ~ ( s.

Elongate-oval, rather slender, convex. Bright green,
smnetimes with a bluish tinge; antenna? usually pale,
often with the apical joints darker; under surface black.
Thorax nearly quadrate, wider at base than apex, dense-
ly and rather coarsely and deeply punctate. Elytral stria?
fine, with rather fine, distant punctures; intervals flat,
densely and finely punctate. Length 13-17 nun. (Fig. 89.)

Throughout the State; common about the mar-
gins of ponds, lakes and streams. April 16-Decem-

ber 8.

:;( |0 HOOD). CHL.^Nius LATicoLLis Say, Trans. Amer. Phi 1.

Soc.. II, 1823. 64; ibid. II, 486.

Resembles di/finix very closely. Differs in having the antenna? and legs
uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax wider, feebly sinuate near the base,
which is distinctly wider than apex; disk less densely punctured and more
convex. Length 13-15 mm.

Lake and Starke counties ; rare. April S-May 28. The longer
side pieces of nietastermim, broader thorax, short spine near base of
male femora and wholly pale antenme easily distinguish it from
diffinis.

C. fitxicuniis Dej., antenna? brown, the two basal joints paler,
is recorded from the "Gulf States. Illinois and Missouri."

*301 (994). CHL.EMCS ERYTHROPUS Germ.. Ins. Spec. Nov., 1824, 11.

Elongate-oval, very robust. IMceous-black. the thorax with a tinge of
blue; legs and antenna^ uniform brownish-yellow. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, base broader than apex ; surface densely and rather coarsely
punctured. Elytral stria- line, finely punctured: intervals flat, rather dense-
ly punrtulate. Front feni<,r;i of male subangulate at base. Length 21-
23 mm.

Throughoul the State: (.-0111111011. January 1-September 22.
Taken in Vigo County in January and February, hat more common
in colonies the first warm days of March.

Till* <!UOUND BEKTLKS. 1 P>7

GROUP B.

The species of this group arc as a rule, much smaller than those
of Group A. The males are without a pubescent space at tip of
middle tibiae, and the third jr<int of antennae is almost always equal
to or shorter than the fourth.

KEY TO INDIANA SPl'X'IKS OF UROl'P tt.

(i. Abdoiiieu without punctures and glabrous; thorax as broad at base as
elytra, sides not sinuate, basal impressions very feeble, surface dense
ly punctured. 302. TOMENTOSI s.

tni. Abdomen sparsely punctured and pubescent over the entire surface.
l>. Sides of thorax not sinuate; prosternum not margined at tip.

c. Legs black; thorax as wide at base as elytra, its disk with coarse

punctures very irregularly placed.

(1. Margin of thorax not thickened; basal line angulate at humerus ;
purplish or violet blue above; length 8.5-9.5 mm.

303. PURPURICOLLIS.

ild. Margin of thorax thickened near base ; humeri of elytra rounded ;
black above; length 11.5-12.5 mm. 304. NIGEK.

cc. Legs reddish-yellow; thorax more tiuely and densely punctured,
narrower at apex than base and with a narrow red margin.

305. 1MPUNCTIFRONK.

bb. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate; prosternum margined at tip, its

side pieces coarsely punctured.

p. Elytral intervals finely muricate ; i. e., with numerous flue, rigid
points. 300. PENNSYLVANIA'S.

<(. Elytral intervals finely and sparsely punctured, not muricate.
/. Head and thorax green, varying to blue, shining.
g. Labrum feebly emarginate ; elytra very obsoletely and sparsely
punctate. 307. BREVILABRIS.

(If/. Labrum truncate. 308. TRICOLOR.

//'. Head and thorax coppery bronze; thorax alutaceous. subopaque.
more finely and sparsely punctate. 309. NEMORALIS.

302 (1032). CIII..ENII-S TOMENTOSUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. 1823.

60; ibid. II. 483.

Broadly oval, robust. Blackish, purplish or greenish and
feebly bronzed above; antennae black, two basal joints pale,
the third joint longer than fourth ; under surface and legs
black, shining. Head nearly smooth, a few wrinkles and
punctures above each eye. Thorax gradually broader from
apex to base, disk densely and coarsely punctured, with a
few irregular smooth spaces. Elytral stritie shallow, punc-
tures round, rather coarse ; intervals feebly convex, finely
punetulate and pubescent. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Fig. 90.)

Fig. 90. X IV

Throughout the State; common. March 23-Novem- (Original.,
her 20. Often found at electric light and probably hibernates.
The abdomen is sometimes sparsely punctured on the sides.

1f>S FAMILY II. C' Mi A

.".().", (lo.",|i. <'m.. KMI s rriiri i;i< 111 i IN Hand.. I'.osl. .loui'ii. Nal. Hist.. 11,
1838, 35.

Oblong-oval. Dark violet blue above, black beneath: antenna* lilack.
basal joint pale. Thorax gradually narrower from base to apex, surface
coarsely and very irregularly punctured, the sides in front of middle almost
smooth. Elytral stria 1 very line, distantly and finely punctured; intervals
tlal with numerous rather coarse, simple punctures. Length 8.5-9.0 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties; rare. May 14- August 26. Occurs
along the beach of Lake Michigan.

304 (1029). CHL/ENUS NIGER Rand.. Bost. Jonrn. Nat. Hist., II, 1838. 34.

Broadly oval. Uniform black throughout ; head and thorax shining.
Thorax one-third broader than long, apex narrower than base, hind angles
obtuse; basal impressions deep; disk coarsely punctured, with irregular
smooth spaces each side of middle. Elytral strhe tinely punctured; inter-
vals convex, rather densely and roughly punctured. Length 11.5-12.5 mm.

Lake. Vigo and Knox counties ; scarce. April 5-July 9.

::or, (10125). CiiL.EMrs IMPTXCTIFRONS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II.
isj:!. r,4; ibid. II. 480.

Elongate-oval. Head bright green; thorax blackish-green, subopaque :
elytra black; antenna? and legs pale reddish-brown. Thorax broader than
lung, very flat; base as broad as elytra, hind angles obtuse. Elytral stria 1
rather deep, finely punctured: intervals flat, finely and roughly punctate.
Length 13.5-10 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 16-August 26. Easily
known by the very flat thorax with a narrow pale margin.

*.">()('; (1021). ('III..T:\H s PKXNSYLVANICTS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II.
I si 1 :;. r,<; : ibid. II. 487.

Elongate-oval, slender. Head and thorax bright green; elytra darker
green; antemue reddish-brown, three basal joints paler; under surface
black, legs pale. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides moderately cm-veil.
feebly sinuate near base: disk convex, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tate: basal impressions linear, deep. Elytral stri.-e dee]), rather co-u>ely
punctured; intervals flat, muricate. Length 10-11.5 mm.

Throughout the State; moiv co-union in the northern half,
where it often occurs in small colonies beneath rubbish along the
margins of lakes. January 3-Ootoher 13.

307 (10191. Cm, EMI s nuKvn .Minis Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV. 1848.
137.

Form and color of i>cniiNi/lnnii<-nx. Elytra bluish-black, the intervals
flat, finely and indistinctly punctured. Length 10-12 mm.

nil: <;i;orNrn BEETLES. 16!)

Northern half of Stale; scarce. April 26-November 28. Very
dose to tricolor but narrower and with the labrum feebly but dis-
tinctly and broadly emarginate, the thorax broader and less nar-
rowed in front and the elytral stria 1 more coarsely punctured.

308 (1018). CHLJENIL-S TRICOLOR Dej., Spec. II. 1820, 334.

Elongate-oval, broader than the two preceding. Head
and thorax green, elytra blackish-blue. Thorax nar-
rower at apex than base, broader than long; sides
curved and feebly sinuate behind; disk rather coarse-
ly and densely punctured, basal impressions narrow
and rather deep. Elytral strife fine, rather deep, fine-
ly punctured; intervals fiat, finely, sparsely and indis-
tinctly punctate. Length 13.5-13 mm. (Fig. 01.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 17- /
November 28.

.'!(i ( .> (1017). CHLENITS NEMORAUS Say, Trans. Amer.

Phil. Soc., II. 1823, 05; ibid. II. 487.
Form of tricolor. Head and thorax coppery-bronze;
elytra black with but a faint bluish tinge; antenme and legs reddish-brown.
Thorax narrower at apex than base; disk alutaceous, finely and rather
sparsely punctured; basal impressions narrow, deep; median line distinctly
impressed its full length. Elytral strise narrow, rather coarsely punctured;
intervals slightly convex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11.5-
13 mm.

Northern half of State; frequent. March 21-October 7. Very
close to tricolor but the thorax distinctly alutaceous. subopaque,
more convex in front and much more finely punctate.

I/VI. ANOMOGLOSSUS Chaud. 1856. (Gr., "irregular + tongue.")

The members of this genus resemble those of Chltrnius, but
differ by the entire absence of any mentum tooth and by the man-
dibles being longer and less curved. The entire surface of the ab-
domen is punctured and pubescent, the basal line of elytra is angu-
late at humerus and the labrum is emarginate. Two species occur
in Indiana. This genus and the next are treated by:

Hom.Jn Trans. Amer. Kntom. Soc., V. 1876, 273-274.

Horn. In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., IV, 1882, 29.

310 (H>.'!4). ANOMOGLOSSVS K.MAU<;I.\ATI T S Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,

1X2:;. 02: ibid. II. 485.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Head bright green; thorax green tinged
with bron/.e; elytra dark bine: antenn.-e and legs pale. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, broader ;il base than apex, sides not at all sinuate near
base, liind angles obi use. disk coarsely and rather closely punclale. Ely-
tra I intervals Hal. densely and coarsely punctured. Length 12 II mm.

170 FAMILY 71. CARAB7D/K.

Southern half of Slate, frequent; much less so northward.
April 16-October 17. Resembles (.'hlifitinx uxfinix closely in gen-
eral appearance.

*311 (1036). ANOM COLOSSI'S IH'SILLLS Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Sue., II,

7X23, 03; ibid. II, 485.

Oblong-oval. Head and thorax bluish-green; elytra dark blue, some-
times black ; antemue and legs reddish-brown. Labrum deeply emargiuate.
Thorax as wide as long, narrower at base than apex; sides distinctly sin-
uate, hind angles acute; disk coarsely, rather sparsely and deeply punctate
Elytra 1 intervals moderately convex, coarsely and closely punctured. Length
8-8.5 mm.

Throughout the Shtie; scarce. January 1^1- August 9. Occurs
beneath rubbish in damp localities.

I ..VII. BKAfiiYLOBrs ('hand lsy<;. (Gr., "short + lobe.")

Known fi'om allied genera by the ineulum b;-ing without lobes.
Iransversely 1 rape/oidal. much narrowed and scarcely at all emar-
ginate in front, its sides very obliquely truncate; mentum tooth en-
tirely absent. One species occurs in Indiana.

371' (7037). r.iiAciiYLOurs I.ITIIOPIIILUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc.. II.

7823. 01'; il)id. II. 485.

Elongate-oval. Green or blackish-green, head aud thorax shining; ely-
tra thickly clothed with yellowish hairs: antennae fuscous, paler at base;
legs pale; under surface black. Thorax one-third broader than long, nar-
rower at apex than base, the latter as broad as elytra ; sides broadly curved,
not sinuate; disk densely and coarsely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Ely-
tral stria-' finely punctured, intervals tlat. sparsely and finely punctulate.
Pro- and mesosterna coarsely punctured. Length 0-0.5 nun.

Throughout the State: freciuent. April ((-September 5. Oc-
curs mostly in damp sandy places about the margins of lakes and
streams.

I. VIII. LACHNOCREPIS Lee. lsr>:>>. i (Jr.. "soft hair + foot. ")

One rather small black species, the male of which has four joints
of the front tarsi rather broadly dilated, represents this genus in
the United States. The principal papers treating of it and the
next two are by :

llnni. "(Ml the Species of Oiides and Allied (leliera of 111'

I'. S.," in Trans. Amer. Knl. Soc.. III. 1S7<. KhVld!).
Horn.- "Synoptic Table." in Mull I'.rook. Knl. Soc.. I V. ISS'J.
29, 30.

THE GKOUND BEETLES. 171

313 (1039). LACHNOCEEPIS PARALLELUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., IV,

1834, 420 ; ibid. II, 532.

Elongate-oblong, parallel, subconvex. Black, shining, very finely alu-
taceous ; antenna? piceous, two basal joints paler ; legs and region of hind
angles of thorax reddish-brown, the latter translucent. Thorax slightly
wider than long, widest a little behind the middle; apex narrower than
base, the latter as wide as elytra ; disk not punctured ; hind angles obtuse.
Elytra seven-striate, the strife parallel their full length, finely and distantly
punctate; intervals subconvex, smooth. Length 9.5-10.5 mm.

Lake and Koscinsko counties; scarce. May 6-October 29. Oc-
curs near water.

LIX. AXATRICHIS Lee. 1853. (Gr., "without + hair.")

Small oval or oblong black or piceous beetles, separated from
allied genera by the characters given in the key. One species oc-
curs in Indiana.

314 (1040). ANATRICHIS MINUTA Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 677.

Oval, broader behind. Black, shining; antennae piceous, the basal joints
and legs reddish-brown. Base of thorax as wide as elytra; sides feebly
curved, converging gradually to apex; disk finely not densely punctate;
basal impressions deep, short. Elytral striae deep, serrately punctate; in-
tervals flat, minutely punctulate. Length 5-6 mm.

One specimen taken in Posey County. April 9. A member of
the Austroriparian fauna.

LX. OODES Bon. 1813. (Gr.. " egg + form.")

Small or medium sized, oval or oblong, black or greenish-black,
shining beetles, resembling closely certain forms of the genus
Amara. All have the thorax as wide at base as elytra, and the
third interval of latter with two dorsal punctures behind the
middle. They occur, for the most part, beneath stones, etc., along
the margin of lakes and ponds. Five species have been taken in
the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OODKS.

a. Elytra with seven strife equally distinct; first joint of front tarsi of

male entirely spongy beneath.

6. Thorax broadest at base: length 7.5-9 mm. 315. AMAROIDES.

66. Thorax broadest just in front of base ; length 12.5 mm.

c. Elytral strife distinctly and closely punctured; form very broad.

316. AMERICANUS.

re. Elytral strife finely and distantly punctured; form more narrow.

317. FLUVIAIJS

172 FAMILY II. CAIIAIiin.i:.

(//. Seventh elytra 1 stria either entirely obliterated <>r replaced by line, dis-
tant pnneiures: firs! joint of front tarsi of male spongy only at apex.
<L Elytral stria? punctured their entire length; tibia? and tarsi pale yel-
low. 318. CUPK.TiUS.
ild. Elytral strife not punctured ; tibia- and tarsi black or picenus.

319. 14-STKIATl S.

315 (1041). OOPKS AMAROIDES Dej.. Spec. V, 1829. or,4.

Oblong-oval. Black or piceons. shining; margin and basal angles of
thorax often translucent; antenna? reddish-brown, legs piceous. Thorax
gradually broader from apex to base, where it is one-half wider than long;
sides feebly curved; disk smooth, basal and median impressions obsolete.
Elytra with sides subparallel and very obtuse at apex; stri.-e finely punc-
tured; intervals flat. Length 7.5-9 mm.

Take. Kosciusko. Mai-shall and Knox counties; frequent. June
17- August 17.

31G (1042). OODES AMERICANUS Dej., Spec. II. 182C>. 377.

Broadly oval; black, shining, finely alntaceous; legs and antenna? as in
iiiiinroidi'x. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base, slightly narrower
at base than immediately in front: median line fine but distinct. Elytra
subparallel: stria- m -dera.lely deep, finely and closely punctured; intervals
feebly convex. Length 12.5 mm.

Knox mid Vi ;.'<> counties-, scarce. April 23 September 2.

317 (1043). OODES i-LrviALis Lee.. N. Sp. N. Amev. Col., I. 1803, 13.

Resembles the preceding but narrower and more convex.
Thorax less rounded in at base, with more distinct median
line. Elytral stria? less deep, very finely, distantly and in-
distinctly punctured; intervals flat. Length 12.5 mm. (Fig.
92.)

Lake, Marshall, Koscin-fko and Marion counties;
scarce. May 15-Angnst 27.

318 (1045). OODES crpu.icrs Chaud., Bull. Mosc.. IV, 1S43.
Fig. 92. < 1. 761.

Elongate-oval, rather slender. Greenish-bronze; margin
of thorax and elytra often bright green, shining; antenna? and femora pic-
eous. (he (wo basal joints of former paler. Elytral stria? shallow, the sev-
enth wholly absent ; intervals flat. Length 1() mm.

Throughout the Slate; frequent. August 17-Noveniher 9.

::I9 (104S). OUI.KS 14-STKiATUS ('baud.. Bull. Mosc.. IV, 1843, 759.

Elongate-oval, robust. Greenish-black, slightly bron/ed : antenna 1 dark
reddish-brown. Thorax gradually broader from apex to base: median line
very fain!. Elytra rather deeply striate. the seventh lacking; intervals
feebly convex, finely alntaceous. Length 11.5 mm.

.Varlin. Clark. Floyd and I'osov counties; scarce. April 11
September ".11. I'aiiv.vs From Ohio to Louisiana and Texas.

'I'll !: GROUN I) I'.UKTU'S. 1 l'-\

Tribe III. IIAKl'AUM.

Antenna 1 usually slender, arising fiom beneath a slight frontal
ridge, two basal joints, sometimes a portion of the third, glabrous.
Head often large, usually moderate, not narrowed to a neck; labrum
moderately prominent, truncate or emarginate; mandibles stout
acute at tip and without brittle-hearing puncture on outer side;
mentum broad, emarginate, with or without a median tooth.
Thorax variable in form, with a lateral seta, but none in the hind
angles. Body sometimes subpeduneulate; scutellum distinct. Ely-
tra usually margined at base, sides narrowly inflexed, surface stri-
ate. often densely punctured, either pubescent or smooth, with o: 1
without dorsal punctures. Prosternum not prolonged; hind cox~e
contiguous; front tarsi with the outer apical angle spinous or ob-
tusely prolonged.

The tribe is a large one, being represented in the United States
i'annn by 17 genera, 14 of which occur in Indiana. Many of these
have been established on trivial or sexual characters, so that they
are difficult to distinguish miles'-' both sexes are at hand. To make
shorter an otherwise long generic key, the genera are distributed by
Ilr.rn among four subtribos. three of which are represented i:>
Indiana.

KKY TO INDIANA SI ISTKII'.KS OK 1 1 A ill'A I.I X J .

u. Front tarsi of male teebly or no) a) all dilated, pilose or spiii'ise be-
neath; eyes, except in Af/niiotlcriix. small and widely separated from
the mouth beneath; oblong or oval convex species, usually piceuus or
biMwnish-yellosv in hue. Subtribe A., p. 17:t.

,,/. Front tarsi of male dilated: less convex, black, brown or pice ,us. rarely

brownish -yellow species.
It. Dilated joints o1 iivnt tarsi with two rows of small : cales beneath.

Subtribe /?.. p. ITS.

Itlt. Dilated joints of fruit tarsi densely spongy pubescent or brush-like
beneath. Subtribe ('.. p. 1 !>."..

Sul)tril)0 A. (DAPTI.)
To this group belong five Indiana genera, separated as follows:

KI-:V TO INDIANA OKNK.KA OK <a:O;T A.

(i. Mandibles prominent, crossing at an an^le. deeply stri^ose at I'M; hixly
subpeduneulate: front tibi;e strongly f'ossorial. LXI. OKOIM.XTS.

an. Mandibles not prominent, at most feebly cr.tssiiiii : Ividy not peduncu-
late.

174

FAMILY II. CAKABIDzE.

6. Outer apical angle of front tibiae prolonged; form robust; length

14 mm. LXII. NOTHOPUS.

6&. Outer apical angle of tibiae not prolonged ; form less robust ; length

less than 11 mm.

c. Mentum toothed ; hind angles of thorax sharply rectangular ;
length 8-10 rum. LXIII. CRATACANTHUS.

cc. Men turn not toothed ; length less than 8.5 mm.

d. First joint of hind tarsi slightly longer than second; outer edge
of middle tibia? rather flat and with a double row of spiuules
closely placed ; elytra with one dorsal puncture.

LXIV. AGONODEKUS.

dd. First joint of hind tarsi nearly as long as the next three; middle
tibiae with the spinules sparsely placed, in the male curved
and serrate on the inner side; three rows of dorsal punctures.

LXV. DISCODEKVS.

LXI. GEOPINT-S Lee. 1848. (Gr.. "earth + dirt.")

Represented in the United States by one medium-sized robust
species which burrows deeply in damp, sandy localities. The sur-
face is smooth and glabrous, thus favoring its subterranean life. It
may often be taken by suddenly turning over an old log partly
buried in sand.

320 (1052).

T

GEOPINUS IA T CRASSATUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 21.

Oblong, convex. Brownish-yellow ; front
and middle of thorax and disk of elytra
often more or less piceous. Thorax one-half
broader than long, gradually narrowed be-
hind the middle; base a little narrower than
elytra, region of the hind angles depressed.
Klytra sinuate near apex, stria? moderately
deep, not punctured; intervals slightly con-
vex. Length 13.5-15 mm. (Fig. 93.)

Lake, Laporte, Marion and Vigo coun-
ties; scarce. April 23-June 15. Four
wore taken at electric light in Terre
Haute on June 9.

Fig. 93. Line shows natural length.

LXII. NOTHOPUS Lee. 1853. (Gr.. "spurious + foot.")

Represented in the United States by a single rather large, ro-
bust black or piceous beetle, having the outer angle of front tibia
narrowly prolonged and rather deeply sinuate above the tooth. It
occurs from the Rocky Mountains eastward to Illinois and rarely to
northern Indiana.

THE GKOHXD BEETLES.

17f>

321 (1054). NOTHOPUS GROSSUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 430.

ibid. II. 543.

Robust, convex. Black, shining ; \ ^

antenna? and legs piceous. Thorax y \

nearly twice as wide as long, as
wide at base as elytra ; basal mar-
gin depressed, especially so in the
region of the hind angles, which are
rectangular; disk sparsely but rath-
er coarsely punctured near base and
apex. Elytral striae flue, not punc-
tured ; third, fifth and seventh in-
tervals each with five to eight dis-
tinct seta-bearing punctures. Length
14 mm.; width 7 mm. (Fig. 94.)

Kiiown from Indiana by a
single specimen taken by Wol-
cott on the beach of Lake Michi-
gan, near Pine, Lake County.
July 25. Mr. \Volcott had pre-
viously taken a .specimen near

Bloomington, Illinois. This is Fls 94 ^ tkopvlvoanit ^. u , antenua; fe , maxillli
the species usually known as N. ancl palpl; c> mandlble ; d ~ tarsus - (AfterLeConte.)
zabroides Lee. Say's des'-ription is. however, sufficient for deter-
mination and has priority.

LXIII. CRATACANTHUS Dej. 1825. (Gr., "strong + spine.")

One medium-sized, oblong, convex beetle represents this genus
in the United States. It occurs about gardens and the borders of
cultivated fields, and is often thrown out by spading and plowing.
It' is sometimes attracted by electric light.

322 (1056). CRATACANTIIVS DUBH.-S Beauv., Ins. d'Arner., 1805, 108.
Oblong, convex. Piceous, glabrous; legs and antenna reddish-brown.

Thorax one-half broader than long; sides broadly curved from apex to be-
hind middle, thence strongly sinuate to base, which is narrower than apex;
basal impressions short, smooth or with a few coarse punctures. Elytral
strire deep, not punctured; intervals slightly convex. Length s-10 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. May 14-September 23.

LXIV. AGONODERUS Dej. 1825. CGr.. "without angle + neck.")

Small brownish-yellow oblong beetles, having the mentum not

toothed and the front tarsi alike in form in both sexes. Our species

diminish in size in the order given in key. They occur beneath

rubbish about gardens and cultivated fields. Several of them hi-

[1223402]

17fi K \ M II.Y I I. -- ('All A IIIM.V,.

bernate autl art' on the wing in great numbers during Ihe first
warm days of spring. They are also very common about elect ri<-
lights in spring and early summer.

The following papers treat of this genus and two of those which
follow :

L<('onte. ''Notes on the Species of Agonpderus, Bradycellus
and Slenolophus inhabiting America North of Mexico," in
Proc. Phil. Acad. Xat. Sci., 1868, 373-382.

LeConte.' 'Synoptic Table." in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., VI,
1883, 13, 50, 53.

Five species of Agonoderus have been taken in Indiana, while
two others perhaps occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGONODEEUS.

a. Body stouter and more convex; thorax transverse, quadrate-oval; bind

angles of thorax strongly rounded ; length G.5-S.5 nun.
1>. Pale yellow; two spots on disk of thorax and two stripes on elytra
dark; scutellar stria long; one dorsal puncture. 323. LINEOLA.

bl. Dark brownish-yellow or piceous, narrow margin of thorax and
broader one of elytra pale; scutellar stria shorter; dorsal punc-
tures wanting. INFUSCATUS.
<ia. Body more elongate, less convex ; thorax scarcely wider than long, more
or less distinctly narrowed behind: elytra with one dorsal puncture.
c. Larger. 5.5-7 mm. ; pale, elytra with a wide black stripe, divided by
the suture: disk of thorax often with a large dusky spot; head
black. 3-J4. PAIJ.IPES.
cc. Smaller, 2.5-4 mm.

d. Head black : scutellar stria distinct.

e. Thorax pale, without blackish spot: body beneath wholly or in

part dusky.

/'. Basal impressions well marked, with a few coarse punctures :

elytra with a broad ill-detined dusky cloud divided by the

sutural interval; thorax dusky beneath. 325. PARTiARrus.

//. Basal impressions less marked, with few if any punctures;

elytra mure or less dusky with suture and margin pale;

thorax pale beneath. ::2<'>. PATPERCULUS.

ec. Thorax with a large blackish spot on disk; elytra blackish with

suture and margin brownish-yellow. IMUSTIXCTCS.

ihi. Head pale, of the same color as thorax: body beneath yellowish

or reddish-brown: seutellar stria short or wanting.

327. TESTACETS.

323 (1or>;. AGONOUKKIS LINKOI.A Fab.. Knt. Syst.. I. 1705. 155.

Oblong, convex. Color as given in key; head with a crescent shaped
black spot: elytra 1 dark stripes separated by the sutural interval. Thorax
one-fourth broader than long, basal depressions small, finely punctured, hind
angles much rounded. Klytra minutely alutaceous; intervals feebly con-
vex. Length 7.5 -S. 5 mm.

TI1K (! HOUND m<:KTI,KS. 177

Lake, Vigo iiiid Kosciusko counties; rrei|iienl. April I'M -lime
f>. Probably occurs throughout the Slate.

A. iiifiixci'i/tts Dej., 5-(!.f> mm. in length, ranges from New York
soulhward and has hccii reported by Dury Prom Cincinnati.

-321 I KKil). AGONODERI-S PALUPES Fab., Ent Syst., I, 1705, If,'.).

Oblong, less convex. Color as given in key,
sometimes almost wholly pale; antenna? dark red-
dish-brown, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax
with hind margin and shallow basal impressions
finely punctured, hind angles obtuse. Elytra with
deep smooth stria 1 ; intervals convex. Length 5-0
mm. (Fig. 95.)

Throughout the State; common. January
21-September 18. Occurs in abundance at
cl( ctric lights. The more northern specimens
are larger. H-7 mm. in length, with head a

deeper black, elytra! dark stripe wider and scutellar stria? one-half
or more longer. The name contnui was given them by Fabricius,
and they represent at least a distinct variety.

::; 325 (10G2). AGONODERVS PARTIAKIVS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II.
1823. no ; ibid. II. 504.

Oblong, subconvex. Antenna' brownish, legs pale. Thorax as wide as
long, sides broadly curved; disk convex, median impressed line deep, a few
fine punctures near apex and coarser ones in the basal impressions; hind
angles rounded. Elytral strife deep ; intervals convex. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Throughout the State; common. February 5-November 11.

326 (1003). AGONODERUS PAUPERCULUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 453.

Oblong, slender. Reddish-brown ; elytra more or less dusky or piceous.
the suture and margins pale. Thorax minutely alutaceous, more narrowed
behind; basal impressions more shallow; disk less convex, without punc-
tures near apex. Elytral strife tine, intervals lint. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-November 30.

A. indix/iiichts Dej.. 3-4 mm., is recorded from New York and
New Jersey, and also by Dury from near Cincinnati. I have not
seen a specimen from Indiana.

327 (1065). AGONODEIU'S TKSTACEI'S Dej., Spec. IV, 182s. 460.

Oblong, subconvex. Uniform reddish-brown above, disk of elytra some-
times with a faint dusky cloud; antonmc dusky, basal joints and legs pale
yellow. Thorax as wide as long, sides broadly curved, hind angles much
rounded ; basal impressions faint with a few large pmicl nres ; disk convex.
sparsely punctate near apex, median line deep. Scutellar stria of elytra
pnnctifonn. Length 2.5-3 mm.

178 FAMILY II. CARABINE.

Dubois, Crawford and Jennings counties; scarce. May 1-
May 17.

LXV. DISCODERUS Lee.. 1 853. (Gr., ' ' disk + neck. ")

Oblong black or piceous beetles, of small or medium size, having
the basal joint of hind tarsi elongate and the second, fifth and sev-
enth dorsal stri^ each with a number of small dorsal punctures.
The males have but one bristle-bearing puncture on each side of the
last ventral segment, while the females have two. The genus is
treated by :

Horn. In Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., VI. 1883, 52.

One species occurs in Indiana.

328 (1067). DISCODERUS PARALLELUS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., I.
1842, 301.

Elongate-oblong. Black, subopaque, finely alutaceous ; antennae pale
reddish-brown; under surface and legs piceous. Thorax as broad as long,
slightly narrower at apex than base; disk strongly convex, side margin
narrowly depressed toward the base and with numerous minute punctures ;
hind angles rounded. Elytral strife rather deep, intervals convex. Length
7-7.5 mm.

Putnam and Marion counties; rare. September 7-October 1.

Subtribe B. (HARPALI.)

To this group Horn ascribes eight genera, seven of which are
represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF GROUP B.

a. Antennae with only two basal joints glabrous.

7>. Last joint of labial palpi shorter than the preceding, the latter with

a number of setae in front.

c. Front tarsi dilated in both sexes, the first joint only in the female;
body not pedunculate. LXVI. GYNANDROPUS.

cc. Front tarsi dilated in the male only.

'/. Elytra with at most one dorsal puncture; first joint of hind tar-
sus not longer than the two following. LXVII. HARPALUS.
<lrl. Elytra with three rows of dorsal punctures; first joint of hind
tarsus equal to the next three; length 5-10 mm.

LXVIII. SELENOPHORUS.
lii>. Last joint of labial palpi equal to or even a little longer than the

preceding, the latter with only two setae.

c. Next to last joint of front and middle tarsi of male bilobed ; middle
tarsi dilated : length less than 8 mm. LXIX. STENOLOPHUS.

ee. Next to last joint simply emarginate; middle tarsi of male not or
very feebly dilated.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 179

/'. Mont uin not toothed; elytra frequently with several dorsal punc-
tures; length less than 3.5 rum. LXX. ACUPALPUS.
//. Mentuin toothed; elytra with a single dorsal puncture; length
4.5-5.5 mm. LXXI. BRADYCELLTJS.
no. Anteun.-p with three basal joints glabrous ; meutum toothed ; middle
tarsi of males with two rows of small scales beneath; length 5. "--
7 mm. LXXII. TACHYCELIAJS.

LX VI. GYNANDROPUS Dej. 1 825. (G p., " of doubtful sex + feet. ")

Small oblong black beetles having tlie fii-st joint of front tarsi
of males almost as long as the next two. One species occurs in In-
diana.

329 (1074). GYNANDROPUS HYLACIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,
31 ; ibid. II, 459.

Elongate, rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining ; antenna? and
legs pale, the former dusky toward apex. Thorax convex, as long as wide,
narrower at base than elytra, widest at middle, sides broadly curved ; basal
depressions distinct, coarsely punctured ; hind angles obtuse. Elytral strhe
moderately deep, the second, fifth and seventh each with a number of fine
dorsal punctures. Length 7.5 mm.

Stai'ke, Marion, Putnam. -Jackson nml Dubois counties; scarce.
March 31-November 2o. Occurs beneath bark.

LXVII. HARPAH-S Lat. 1802. (Gr., "greedy.")

Large or medium-sized beetles, usually oblong in form and
rather tlat. having the thorax nearly square; elytral striae not punc-
tured; first joint of hind tarsi never longer than the next two. The
males have the first four joints of the front and middle tarsi di-
lated, the dilated joints scaly beneath. They occur beneath logs
and rubbish, most commonly about the margin of cultivated fields,
and for the most part are considered beneficial, though the largest
and one of the most common, //. caliguiomus, is a seed eater and it is
claimed feeds largely upon clover and grass seeds. In 19 specimens
dissected by Dr. Forbes, only about 12 per cent, of the food was of
animal origin, principally caterpillars and ants, while seeds and
other tissues of grasses made up 14 per cent. The only paper treat-
ing of the genus is by

LeConte. "Notes on the Species of Harpalus Inhabiting Amer-
ica North of Mexico," in Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat Sci., 1865,
98-104.

The genus is a large one, about f>o species being known from the
l/nited States. Of these 17 have heen taken in Indiana, while eight
others perhaps occur. For convenience the Indiana species may
be divided into two groups :

ISO FAMILY TT. ("' AH Al'.lli . I-,.

KEY TO (IKOITS OF INDIANA II AHl'AI.US.

ii. Elytra without a dorsal puncture on the third interval. Group .1.

mi. Elytra with a small dorsal puncture on the third interval behind the

middle and near the second stria. Group B.

GKOUP A.

To this group as defined above belong our largest and most
common species. In the keys which follow the "accessory setae"
refer to long- bristles located about midway between the ambula-
torial set-.i- and the side of the abdomen.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.

n. Elytra distinctly, sometimes deeply, sinuate at tip; abdomen without

accessory seta?.

h. Color above not i or very rarely) black or piceous ; thorax distinctly
narrower behind the middle; elytra deeply sinuate, outer angle
acute in female.

c. Pale reddish-brown above, elytra often darker; body elongate:

length 14 or more. 330. ERRATICVS.

cc. Metallic green or coppery (very rarely black) ; length 9.5-10 mm.

VIKIDL.ENEUS.

/*/*. Uniform black, piceous or dark reddish-brown above; elytra much

less deeply sinuate, the outer angle not acute in female.
<1. Mentum not toothed: legs black; length 21-2." nun.

331. CALIGINOSTS.
fid. Mentum toothed: legs and anteunne reddish-brown.

e. Uniform piceous or dark brownish-red above; thorax nearly

square, its side margins depressed, scarcely wider behind.
f. Intervals of elytra more or less convex; sides of thorax feebly
rounded; length 12.5 nun. 332. FATNUS.

ff. Intervals flat; sides of thorax more rounded in front; length
10.5-12 mm. 333. CONVIVIS.

re. Uniform black above.

!/. All the intervals of elytra of female densely ;>un tate ; in male
those on sides only; length 13.5-15 mm. 334. VAGANS.

!/;/. Discal intervals of elytra of female not or sparingly punctate.
/(. Thorax slightly narrowed in front, not narrowed behind;
region of the basal angles strongly depressed, densely punc-
tate. 335. PENNSYLVANIA'S.

////. Thorax slightly narrowed behind, not narrowed in front;

region of the basal angles feebly depressed.
/. Larger. 13.5-16 mm.

./. Thorax one-third or more broader than long; sides of
elytra not punctulale. 33* . COMPAR.

/./'. Thorax nearly as long as broad: sides of elytra finely
punctulato. 337. I.O.VCITOR.

/'/. Smaller. 1O.5 in mm.: margin ol' I bora \" narrowly reddish-
brown, translucent. 83S. i:i;y THKOIM s.

nil'. (JiiorND r.Ki-rn.Ks. 1S1

an. Elytra very slightly nr nut :it all sinuate at tip; abdomen with accessory
setae on sides, arising from distinct punctures; mentuni tooth entirely
wanting; hody oblong-oval; color uniform pale brownish-yellow.

339. TKSTACKTS.

330 <1079). HARPAIAS ERRATIC-US Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. 11, 1823.

21: ibid. II. 455.

Elongate, parallel. Reddish-brown above; under surface and legs red-
dish-yellow. Thorax slightly broader than long, basal impressions broad,
shallow, rather closely and finely punctate ; hind angles obtuse, slightly
rounded. Elytra very deeply sinuate at tip, outer angle of sinuation acute
and toothed in female ; striae deep ; intervals convex. Length 14.5-18 mm.

Throughout the State in sandy localities; frequent. April 10-
October 25. Sometimes taken at electric light.

//. viridi'-enns Beauv., has been taken by Wolcott and others
along the beach of Lake Michigan at Chicago. It undoubtedly oc-
curs in Lake and Porter counties, but no authentic Indiana speci-
men is at hand.

331 (lox:j|. HARPALUS CAUGINOSVS Fab., Syst. El., I, 1801, 1S8.
Elongate, robust. Black; antenna? and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax

broader than long, as broad at base as elytra, narrower in front ; basal
impressions broad, shallow, densely and finely rugose-punctate; hind angles
rectangular. Elytra deeply striate ; intervals moderately convex. Length
21-125 mm. (Fig. 79.)

One of the most common of our large beetles. Occurs every-
where throughout the State and sometimes attracted by thousands
to the electric lights of the larger cities. One of these swarms oc-
curred in Indianapolis June 14. 1000. Often seen roaming about
in daytime in stubble and cornfields, and in early autumn feeding
upon the seeds of ragweed. The female of a pair in copulation was
noted so feeding September Ifi. She removed, bit into and de-
voured a seed kernel every 40 seconds, this being the average time
during fifteen minutes' observation. April fi-November 21.

332 (10X4). HARPALUS FAUNUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. 1S23. us ;

ibid. II, 457.

Oblong, parallel. Uniform dark reddish-brown; antenna' and legs pale.
Thorax as broad as long, sides feebly rounded; basal impressions broad.
shallow, distinctly punctured, the punctures extending across the base.
Elytral striae moderately deep, intervals alutaceous. the fifth and seventh.
and sometimes the apical portion of the third with a row of dorsal punc-
tures in the female. Length 11-12 mm.

Throughout th<^ State; frequent. April 26-September 20.

333 (1085). HARPALUS CONVIVVS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1805. 102.
Slightlv smaller and more narrow than fn units, which it resembles

1 SL>

I'A MILY II. CAItABlD/E.

closely iu color aud structure. Thorax more rounded on the sides in front,
distinctly transverse, very slightly narrowed behind and with deeper basal
impressions. Length 10.5-11.5 mm.

Marion. Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. May 20-Novem-

ber 8.

334 (10SO). HARPALIS VAGANS Lee.. Pruc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 1865, 102.

Elongate-oblong. Blackish-piceous ; antennae, palpi and legs reddish-
brown ; under surface reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly broader than long,
feebly narrowed behind the middle, hind angles obtuse; basal impressions
shallow, rather broad, ill de-lined, densely and linely punctate. Elytral striae
shallow; intervals strongly alutaceous, flat, densely and finely punctate in
the female; subconvex, the fifth to eighth sparsely punctate in the male.
Length 13.5-14.5 mm.

Southern two-thirds of the State; scarce. April 6-October 17.
The females of this speeies are easily recognized. The males can
be told from those of pennsylvanicus by the thorax being narrowed
behind, and from those of coinpar, which they closely resemble, by
the punctures of fifth to eighth intervals.

*335 (1087).

very

HARPALLS PENNSYLVANICUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 108.

Oblong-robust, subparallel. Black, moder-
ately shining; antennae and legs reddish-yel-
low; under surface dark reddish-brown to
piceous. Thorax broader than long, sides
gradually curved, base as wide as elytra,
hind angles obtuse ; margin in front of the
angles depressed and, together with the large
basal impressions, densely and finely punc-
tate. Elytral striae moderately deep ; inter-
vals convex, alutaceous, the fifth to eighth
with numerous small punctures in female.
Length 13-15.5 mm. (Fig. 96.)

Fig. 96. (After Riley.)

sparsely punctate in male.

Common throughout the State. February 6-October 10. Often
seen at electric lights. Feeds on ragweed and other seeds and also
on caterpillars, etc.

336 (1087a). HARPAH s COMPAR Lee.. Ann. Lye. Xat. Hist.. IV, 1848, :!'.i5.

.Resembles pennsylvanicus but distinguished by characters given in key.
Thorax quadrate, broader in proportion to its length (5.5x4 mm.), much
less depressed in region of hind angles; elytral intervals alutaceous. 5 to 8
not punctate in either sex. Length 14-10.5 mm.

Throughout the State: frequent. April 9-October 17. This
and the next two are listed by Henshaw and others as varieties of
pennsylvanicus, but in my opinion are valid species; the separating

THE GROUND BEETLES. 183

characters, when once recognized, being more evident than in many
of the species of Bem~bidhun, Chlccuius and other genera of the
family.

337 (lOSTb). HARPALUS I.OXGIOK Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1838, 43.
Elongate, narrower than the two preceding. Thorax about as long as

broad (4.5x4 mm.), gradually narrower behind the middle, distinctly nar-
rower at base than in compar; hind angles obtuse; basal impressions wide,
shallow, densely punctate. Elytra alutaceous, intervals of male subconvex.
the fifth to eighth finely and sparsely punctate. Length 13.5-15 mm.

Marion. Vigo and Floyd counties; scarce. June 2 Septem-
ber 11.

338 (10S7c). HARPALUS ERYTHROPUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 258.

Oblong. Thorax nearly square, slightly narrowed behind, sides feebly
curved, hind angles but little rounded; basal impressions broad, shallow,
finely and densely punctate. Elytral intervals alutaceous, not punctate.
Length 10.5-12 mm.

Southern half of State, common; less so northward. April 27-
October 5. A pair were taken mating on September 29.

339 (1119). HARPALUS TESTACEUS Lee., Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., X, 1853,

385.

Oblong-oval. Color given in key. Thorax one-half broader than long,
sides feebly curved to behind the middle, thence sinuate to base; margin
rather broad, depressed, with a row of punctures; hind angles rectangular,
basal impressions small, sparingly punctate. Elytral strife deep; intervals
convex. Length 10-10.5 mm.

Starke and Posey counties; scarce. August 23-September 19.
Occurs in sandy localities. The hind angles are more prominent
than in any other species of Harpahts.

GROUP B.

The species of this group average much smaller than those of
Group A.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Elytra obliquely but distinctly sinuate at tip; abdomen without ac-
cessory seta?.
1>. Bicolored above ; head and thorax reddish-brown, elytra black or

piceous.

c. Thorax scarcely narrowed behind; basal depressions shallow, finely

punctured. 340. DICHROUS.

cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind ; basal impressions deeper, more

coarsely punctured. 341. VULPECXTLUS.

hb. Uniform black or piceous above.

(1. Legs reddish-brown; extreme margin of thorax pale.

1S4 KA.MILY II. (' \ I (All I ILK.

'. Thorax distinctly narrowed behind, sides not depressed, base not

punctured ; elytra not alutaceous.

/. Length 9.5-10 mm. SPADICEI s.

//. Length 7.5-8 mm. 342. AUTUMNALIS.

ee. Thorax not narrowed behind.

I/. Body oblong-oval ; thorax not distinctly narrowed in front.
Ji. Hind angles of thorax obtuse or but very slightly rounded.
/. Base of thorax finely punctured ; length 8.5-10.5 mm.

FALLAX.

//. Base coarsely punctured; epipleura reddish-brown; length

7.5-10 mm. PLEURITICUS.

////. Hind angles distinctly rounded; thorax one-half wider than

long; length 8-10 mm. 343. HERBIVAGI s.

!/<>. Body nearly elliptical; thorax narrowed in front.

/'. Elytra ahitaceous; sides of thorax feebly depressed; length

8.5 mm. OPACIPENNIS.

././. Elytra not ahitaceous; sides of thorax not depressed; length

6-7.5 mm. 344. NITIDULUS.

<!</. Legs, or at least the femora, black or piceous; margin of thorax

not paler.
/,. Head decidedly narrower than thorax.

/. Thorax not much wider than long: tibi;e and tarsi reddish-
brown ; length 0-!>.5 mm. INNOCUUS.
U. Thorax distinctly wider than long: legs wholly black; length
10-11.5 mm. HI FIMANTS.
/.7.- . Head very large, scarcely narrower than thorax.

in. Sides of thorax distinctly depressed, hind angles rectangular:

length 12-14 mm. 345. LATH KPN.

nun. Sides of thorax int depressed, hind angles rounded at apex:

length 13-14 mm. 34G. VIIHTS.

da. Klytra very slightly sinuate at apex; abdomen with accessory set-o;

piceous. thorax and elytra greenish-bronzed. IJKAVJS.

340 ( I07C. I. HARPAIJS im iiRors I >ej.. Spec. IV. 1828. 258.

Oblong-oval. Color given in key: elytra strongly iridescent; aiitemre
and legs pale. Thorax broader than long; sides broadly rounded, rather
widely depressed: hind angles obtuse, somewhat rounded; base finely punc-
tured. Elytra 1 strije deep; intervals convex. Length 10-11 nun.

Throughout the State; frequent. April :2()-Xoveiiil><>r "JO. <)<-
ciii's beneath lo^-s in dry, open woods. Due to its iridescence and bi-
colored upper surface. Ibis is flic prettiest member of the genus.

.">41 (1077). HAiti'ALi s VII.PKCI us Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. IT, 1S2:;.
30; ibid. II. l.",s. r.ir,.

Oblong-oval. Color of iliclirmix. the elytra usually paler and less irides-
cent. Thorax broader Ihan loirj;. sides rounded in front, oblique and dis-
linclly converging behind : hind angles rectangular. Klylral slri:i- moder-
ately deep: inlervals convex. Length s..~> :i.."i mm.

THE GEOTTND BEKTLES. 1.85

Throughout I lie Slate; frequent in 111" southern counties, less
so northward. April 10-September i.

//. .s'/W/Vrf/.s- Dej. is said to occur from Xe\v Jersey westward.

342 (1078). HAEPALIS AUTUMNALIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe.. II. 1823.

48 ; ibid. II, 473.

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining; antenna?, legs and narrow edge
of thorax reddish-brown. Thorax nearly square, sides feebly curved to be-
hind middle, thence straight and converging to base; hind angles obtuse;
basal impressions distinct, small, narrow. Klytral striae fine; intervals tlal.
Length 7.5-8 mm.

Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. May 11-May -Mi.
Occurs on high dry hills. Resembles In rl>i>"<n/itx but smaller, more
shining and with basal impressions of thorax deeper and more
narrow.

//. falla.r Lee. and //. plfuriUcu* Kirby are both recorded as oc-
curring; from "New York, New .Jersey and westward." The last-
named is a boreal species and if found in Indiana it will probably
be in the northern counties.

:\4'.\ <10!)4). HARPAIA s iiEumvAors Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, .ISL':",.
29; ibid. II. 457.

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous : narrow margin of thorax and elytra
reddish, translucent; under surface piceous ; antenna? and legs reddish-
brown. Thorax one-half wider than long; basal impressions rather shal-
low. ill-defined, sparsely and finely punctured; region of hind angles slightly
depressed. Elytra alutaceous, the stria- shallow; intervals feebly convex.
Length S-10 mm.

Throughout the State; common. April 1-October 21.
//. >]>< ijx'iniis Ilald. is recorded as occurring from Pennsyl-
vania to Kansas.

344 (1098). HABPALUS NiTinrLus ('baud., Bull. Mose.. IV. 1S43, 7ss.

Elliptical. Piceous, strongly shining both above and beneath; narrow
margin of thorax reddish; antenna? and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quad-
rate. slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles rounded ;
basal depressions very small and shallow, not punctured. Elytral stria-
rather deep: intervals slightly convex. Length 5.5-7 mm.

Southern half of State; scarce. April 11-July 2.

II innocuiis Lee,, and H. rnfhutunis Lee. are both boreal species,
described from Lake Superior and since taken in New York and
Pennsylvania, which may occur in northern Indiana.

*345 (1107). HABPALUS LATICEPS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 208.

oblong-oval, robust. Black, shining; anteniue and tarsi reddish-brown,
tibue piceous. Thorax one-third broader than long, as broad at base as ely-

186 FAMILY II. CABAJiUVK.

tra. hind angles rectangular; basal impressions distinct, rather broad, finely
and sparsely punctured. Elytra 1 stride very fine; intervals flat, minutely
alutaceous. Length 12-15 ruin.

Franklin, Monroe and Vigo counties; scarce. May 8-December
18.* Readily known by the black legs and broad head. Occurs in
sandy upland woods.

:!46 (llOa). HARPALUS VIDUUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 103.

Oblong-oval. Black or piceous, shining ; antennae and tarsi dark red-
dish-brown. Resembles laticeps, but the head is not quite so broad, the
hind angles of thorax are more rounded and the basal impressions more
narrow and deeper. Length 13 mm.

Known from Indiana by two specimens taken in Vigo and Parke
counties. May 13-May 24. Described from Rock Island, Illinois.

H. gravis Lee., 9 mm. in length, was described from Texas and
has been recorded by Dury from Cincinnati.

LXVIII. SELENOPHORUS Dej. 1826. (G-r., "moon or light + bear-
ing.")

Small oblong or oval, black or piceous beetles, closely resembling
the smaller forms of Harixilux but differing by having three rows
of dorsal punctures, situated on the second, fifth and seventh elytral
stria?. The males have the front and middle tarsi moderately di-
lated, with two rows of scale-like papilla? on the first four joints.
They occur, for the most part, in sandy or dry localities. Four
species have been taken in Indiana, while one other perhaps occurs.
The literature treating of the genus is as follows :

Horn. -"Critical Notes on the Species of Selenophorus of the

United States," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XIX, 1880, 178.
For??. "Synoptic Table," in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., V, 1882, 8.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SELENOPHORUS.

*/. 1'rosternum obtuse at tip, not margined.

l>. Upper surface with a bronzed lustre ; elytral punctures very small,
the intervals smooth ; length 5-0.5 nun. 347. PEDICULARIUS.

l>b. Upper surface black, more or less iridescent,
c. Thorax as wide or wider at base than apex.

d. Outer interval not punctulate; length 7.5 mm. 348. GAGATINUS.
dd. Outer interval of elytra finely puuctulate; length 9-10 mm.

349. OPALINUS.

cc. Thorax distinctly narrowed at base, hind angles obtuse; marginal
interval punctulate; length 6.5 mm. IBIPENNIS.

aa. Prosternum horizontal, tip slightly prolonged and margined; thorax
broader at base than apex, its sides nearly regularly curved.

350. ELLIPTICUS.

* The H. montanus of my paper, "The Winter Insects of Vigo County, Indiana," Psyche, Feb., 1896 339.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 187

347 (1125). SELENOPHORVS PEDICULARIUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 100.
Oblong-oval. Piceous, shining, surface bronzed; antennae dusky, the

basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader at
base than apex ; sides curved, hind angles obtuse, basal impressions scarcely
distinct. Elytra alutaceous, finely striate ; intervals flat, smooth, the outer
one puuctulate ; apex feebly sinuate. Length 5-6.5 mm.

Lake, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 5-August 17.

348 (1130). SELENOPHORUS GAGATINUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 112.
Oblong. Black, iridescent; femora piceous; antennae, tibiae and tarsi

reddish-brown. Thorax quadrate, slightly broader than long ; margin verj
narrow, not translucent; hind angles obtusely rounded; basal depressions
evident but shallow, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
than thorax, the punctures scarcely visible ; intervals slightly convex. Length
7.5 mm.

Crawford County ; scarce. May 16. Occurs beneath stones on
high, dry hills.

349 (1131). SELENOPHORUS OPALINUS Lee., List Col. N. Arner., 1863, 13.
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly iridescent; antennae and legs reddish-yel-
low. Thorax one-third broader than long, base as wide as apex, sides feebly
curved ; margin narrowly flattened and translucent ; basal impressions obso-
lete, the base finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate ;
intervals feebly convex, minutely and sparsely punctate. Length 9-10 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 16-July 25. Our
largest species. Occurs beneath bark.

S. iripennis Say is known from Illinois, Georgia and Texas, and
probably occurs in southern Indiana.

350 (1134). SELENOPHORUS ELLIPTICUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 108.
Oblong-oval or elliptical. Black, subopaque, alutaceous; antennae and

legs reddish-yellow. Thorax as wide as elytra, their margins nearly con-
tinuous ; hind angles rectangular, basal impressions indistinct. Elytra finely
striate; intervals flat or nearly so, the dorsal punctures very small. Length
5-6 mm.

Lake, Laporte, Vigo and Crawford counties; scarce. April 21-
September 10. Occurs beneath cover in sandy localities.

LXIX. STENOLOPHUS Dej. 1829. (Gr., "narrow + neck.")

Small brownish or piceous oblong beetles having the elytral
striae not punctate ; third interval with a small dorsal puncture be-
hind the middle and very close to the second stria ; front and middle
tarsi of males as in Selenophorus. For literature treating of the
genus see above under Agonodents. Our species hibernate beneath

188 FAMILY IF. CARABID.3L

Jugs and rubbish iti dry or sandy places, and sonic of them are very
common on the wing during the tirsl warm -lays of March or April.
Six species and one varidy have boon taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPFXIES OF STENOLOPIH S.

a. Thorax but little narrower than elytra; body stout; front and middle

tarsi of male broadly dilated.

It. Sides of thorax broadly flattened, scarcely reflexed ; black, feebly
shining: length 7-7.5 mm. -"..~il. CARMONARH'S.

1>1>. Sides of thorax narrowly margined, the margins not refiexed.

c. Basal impressions of thorax broad and shallow; black, shining.

elytra piceous or brownish-yellow, slightly iridescent ; length 7-

7.5 mni. '<'<-. FULIGINOSIS.

cc. Basal impressions of thorax small, rounded, not or very sparingly

punctured.

(1. Thorax with disk distinctly black or piceous, the margin reddish-
brown ; length 5 or more mm.
c. Pale margin of thorax narrow; elytra wholly black.

353. PLEKEJVS.

ce. Pale margin of thorax broader: elytra dull reddish-brown, the
tips darker. 353a, var. FUSCATUS

dil. Thorax either uniform reddish-brown or piceous, without distinct
blackish discal spot; length not over 4.5 mm.

354. coNjrxeii s.
mi. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra; body more slender; front tarsi

of male moderately dilated, fourth joint deeply bilobed.
f. Thorax and elytra black or piceous, with narrow paler margin; su-
tural stria long, joining the first dorsal. 355. OCHROPEZUS.

//. Thorax brownish-yellow: elytra iridescent black with brownish-yel-
low side margins; sutural stria short, not joining first dorsal.

DISSIMILTS.

35t (1135). STENOI.OPIUS CARBONARIUS Dej., Sp. Gen., IV, 1828, 398.

Elongate-oblong. Black, feebly shining; first joint of antenna?. ti1i;e
and tarsi brownish. Thorax as broad at middle as elytra; sides rounded
into base; margins flattened, especially near hind angles; basal impressions
broad, shallow, sparsely and finely punctate. Elytra alutaceous. the su-
lural stria long, the others deep. Length 7-7.5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris near a
hillside spring.

352 (1138). STENOLOPHVS FULIGINOSUS Dej., Spec. IV, 1828, 423.

Oblong-oval. Color given in key ; tarsi, base of antenna? and narrow
margin of thorax brownish-yellow : femora and greater portion of anteniue
darker. Thorax subquadrate: as long as broad, hind angles broadly rounded.
Elylral stria' rather deep; intervals moderately convex. Length 7-7.5 mm

Throughout the Stale; 1Ve<|nent. Ilibernalos. .January 1-Oc-
tober 21.

TlIK (IHOI'.NM) BEETLES.

IS!)

353 (113'J). STUXOLOPIH s IM.EHE.ITS De.j.. Spec. 1 V. 1S2S, 424.

Elongate-oblong. Piceous black, shining; legs,
base of antenna? and narrow margin of thorax
brownish-yellow. Thorax feebly nun-owed behind;
basal impressions small, rounded, each with but
two or three punctures; hind angles strongly
rounded. Elytra with sutural stria fine, short,
oblique, not joining the first dorsal. Length 4.5
5 mm. ( Fig. !)7. )

Southern half of State; scarce. March 21-
Aim'iist 17. Closely resembles ochropezus, but Fig 97 - x 6 -
readily distinguished by the comparatively broader thorax and
different snlnral stria.

353a (- -). STENOLOPIII s PLEBEJVS FUSCATUS Dej., Sp. IV. 1828, 42C>.

A distinct variety of i>lcbcjus having the disk of thorax black, with
broad, pale margins: elytra dull red, the tips irregularly fuscous. Basal
impressions of thorax deeper and without punctures. Length 5.5 mm.

I ah' County; frequent, beneath rubbish along the beach of
1 ake MichigHii. April 29-May 14.

*354 (1140). STEXOLOPHI s eox.j cxc/rus Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 90; ibid. II, 504.

oblong. Piceous, shining; legs and base of antennae reddish-brown.
Thorax broader than long, the sides broadly rounded into base, so that hind
angles are wanting. Elytra! strhe. fine; intervals flat. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common, especially in sandy localities.
Hibernates. Abundant on the wing in early spring and at electric
lights. February 6-Deeember 3. The smaller size and uniform
color if thorax readily distinguish this species.

:;: .'!55 (1145). STEXOI.OPIU'S OCHKOPK/I s Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. II.

!S23, 54; ibid. II. 478.

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Black or p ice-
on- 1 , the elytra often iridescent; legs and base
of antenna- pale. Thorax scarcely wider than
long, convex; hind angles obtuse, rounded: basal
impressions broad, shallow, sparsely but distinct-
ly punctured. Elytra! stria' rather deep, es-
pecially toward the tip: intervals Hat. Length
5.5-G mm. < Fig. 98.)

Throughout the Slate; common, lliber-
nales. January 7 Uetober 17. The su-
liira! ^Iria <:!' olyira is longer and deeper
t hail III 1 lie o| her species.

190 FAMILY IT. CAKABID^E.

356 (1146). STENOLOPHUS DISSIMILIS Dej., Spec. IV, 1824, 424.

Resembles the preceding. Readily distinguished by the black head,
yellow thorax and black and yellow elytra. Thorax with narrower margin
and more rounded hind angles. Length 6-7 mm.

Posey County; rare. November 8.

LXX. ACLTPALPUS Latr. (Gr., "slender + palpus.")

Very small oblong black or piceous beetles, distinguished from
Stenolopkus, with which they were formerly grouped, by the char-
acters given in generic key. The last joint of the labial palpi is
rather stoutly oval, but slender at tip. whence the generic name.
For literature see:

LeConte.In Proc. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., 1868, 377-378.
Horn. In Bull, Brook. Entom. Soe., VI, 1883, 15.

Two of the five known species have been taken in Indiana. They
have but one dorsal puncture, as usual, on the second stria; hind
angles of thorax obtuse, somewhat rounded; frontal suture more
distinct than in the other forms.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACt'PALPUS.

a. Head brownish, scarcely narrower than thorax and almost as long ; eyes

small ; elytra oval. 357. HYDROPICUS.

fid. Head black or piceous, distinctly narrower than thorax; eyes larger,

more prominent ; elytra oblong-oval, iridescent. 358. CABUS.

357 (1149). ACUPALPUS HYDROPICUS Lee., N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.. 1, 1863, 17.

Oblong-oval, convex. Head and thorax dark brown, strongly shining;
elytra piceous. the suture and narrow margins paler; antenme and legs dull
yellow. Thorax trapezoidal, a little broader than long, narrowed behind,
rounded on the sides only before the middle ; basal impressions broad, dis-
tinct, sparsely punctured. Elytral strire rather deep ; intervals subconvex.
Length 3 mm.

Starke and Marshall counties; scarce. May 20-June 16.

358 (1150). ACTJPALPUS CARUS Lee., N. Spec. N. Amer. Col.. I. 1863. IS.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Thorax either dusky yellow or piceous; ely-

tra piceous, iridescent; antennte dusky, the basal joints and legs pale.
Thorax subquadrate, a little broader than long; sides feebly curved from
apex to base ; hind angles rounded ; basal impressions rather deep, obso-
letely punctate. Elytral strife fine ; intervals flat. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. March 26-October 17. Oc-
curs beneath bark and stones in damp localities. Easily distin-
guished from hydropicus by the narrower head, dusky antennfe and
less narrowed base of thorax.

THE GROUND BEETLES. 191

LXXI. BRADYCELLL-S Er. 1882. (G-r., " slow + footed.")

Small brown or piceous bettles known from allied genera by the
mentum bearing a rather large acute tooth. The elytra are
obliquely but feebly sinuate at tip and the second striae bears a
dorsal puncture behind the middle. Two species have been taken
in Indiana, while three others perhaps occur. For literature see
above under Agonoderus.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRADYCELLUS.

". Form very elongate; thorax \vith a deep marginal line, its basal impres-
sions long and deep ; middle tarsi of male with small scales beneath.

359. UNFA IMS.
mi. Form much less elongate; thoracic margin narrow; basal impressions

short, not deep; middle tarsi of male without scales.
&. Hind angles of thorax broadly rounded, scarcely punctured; length
3.2 mm. NEULECTTS.

bl). Hind angles of thorax distinct.

c. Thorax without punctures near the hind angles; length 5 mm.

COKDICOLLIS.
cc. Thorax distinctly punctured.

'I. Basal impressions broad, shallow, strongly punctured ; sides
obliquely subsinnate near base; length 4.S mm.

360. RUPESTRIS.

del. Basal impressions broad, sparsely punctured ; sides scarcely sin-
uate near base ; length 3 mm. TANTILLTJS.

359 (1154). BRADYCELLUS LINEARTS Lee., N. Sp. N. Ainer. Col., I, 186... 16.

Elongate, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, the
margins usually paler; anteun;e reddish-brown, the two basal joints and
legs dull yellow. Eyes very small. Thorax much longer than wide, sides
curved in front, sinuate behind the middle: base distinctly narrower I ban
apex: disk with a deep entire median impressed line, a number of coarse
punctures near apex and in the basal impressions ; hind angles rectangular.
Elytra at base wider than thorax, long and parallel ; stria? deep, the scu-
tellar one represented by a large puncture; intervals convex. Length 5
5.5 mm.

Knox County; rare. April 20. In form of body and general
appearance it resembles a small Pterostichus.

B. neglectus Lee., black or piceous with legs and antennae pale,
and B. cordicollis Lee., black with legs pale, are both boreal species
which may occur in northern Indiana. H. fantillus Uej., black or
piceous with pale legs and antenna 1 , may also occur in the State.
[1323402]

FAMILY II. CAEABI I >.K.

*360 (1158). BKAUYCELLUS UVPESTRIS Say. Trans. Auier. Phil. Soc., II, 1823.
91; ibid. II. 505. 547.

Oblong, slender. Reddish-brown, shining; the
head and disk of elytra usually piceons: an-
tennae dusky, the two basal joints and legs pale.
Thorax wider than long, narrowed behind the
middle; basal impressions broad, shallow, coarse-
ly punctured; hind angles distinct but obtuse.
Elytral strire deep; intervals convex. Length
4.5-5 nun. (Fig. 99.)

Throughout the State; common. Janu-
ary 6-Octobor 5. On the wing with the
species of Agonoderus in early spring.

Fig. 99. X 6i (Original.)

LXXII. TACHYCELLUS Moraw. 1862. (Gr., "swift + footed.")

Small oblong brownish or pieeons beetles, differing from allied
genera in having three joints of the antenna? smooth. The joints
may not be entirely hairless, but lack the tine pubescence covering
those which follow. Both the front and middle tarsi of the males
h;ivc two rows of small scales (sqnamules) beneath; body through-
out glabrous; elytra normally striate and with a single dorsal punc-
ture. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while a fourth
perhaps occurs. They were included with Brady cettus by LeConte
in his paper cited under Acjonoderifs. The following is the latest
paper on the genus:

Fall, TI. C. 'Ov the Affinities of the Genus Taehycellus," in
Journ. N. Y. Ent. Roc.. XITT. 1905. 169-178.

KEY TO TXDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYCELJA'S.

a. Antenna' with two glabrous joints, the third pubescent on apical halt';
upper surface wholly black. 361. NIGRINUS.

mi. Antenna- with three basal joints wholly glabrous.
//. Hind angles of thorax rectangular.

c. Thorax wider at base than long, its color piceous with a very nar-
row pale edge. KIRBYI.
CC. Thorax not wider at base than long, dull yellow with a large cen-
tral piceoUS Spot. -''<'>2. ATBIMEDIl'S.

hi). Thorax with hind angles obtuse, its color as in l,-/rl>i/i.

363. BADIIPENMS.

:;r,l men. TACHYCELLI s XICKIXI s Dej.. spec. (Jen., IV, 182S. :','.>.

Oblong. Black, shining: upper parl of tibia- and first joint of antenn r
reddisli-ycllow. Tliorax about as wide as lung, broadest in front of middle:
sides rearly parallel fruin a little behind the middle lo base; hind angles
rectangular: disk with the trim! ti'an^\erse ini|iressi:iii distinct, slmugly
align la le. (lie basal i ni| iressii ms linear, deep, sintidlli or scarcely punctured.
! ,engt li ."">.."> ('.."> nun.

TIIK (!ItOU.\D BKKTLKS. 193

Lake County ; rare. JIIIIP 2. A single specimen taken hv W<l
eott near Indiana. Harbor. The thorax is less narrowed behind
than in the >thr 1\v<> species, 1'rcvimisly recorded from "Alaska,
Lake Superior, New Mexico and Northern California."

T. kirbyi Horn, 6 mm. in length, piceous, with base and sides of
elytra paler and hind angles acntely rectangular, is known from
Ontario and Ohio.

*362 (1166). TACHVCELLUS ATRIMEDIUS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 39; ibid. II, 466.

Elongate-oblong. Pale reddish-brown above, black beneath ; head and
disk of thorax black ; disk of elytra with an ill-defined blackish or piceous
cloud; legs and three basal joints of antenme dull yellow. Thorax sub-
quadrate, distinctly narrowed behind the middle, not wider at base than
long; basal impressions broad, rather shallow, coarsely punctured. Elytra 1
strife rather deep ; intervals subconvex. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. January 1-October 5.

*363 (1168). TACHYCELLXJS BADHPENNIS Hald., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,
I, 1842, 302.

Elongate-oblong, rather slender. Head and thorax black ; antennae and
elytra piceous ; legs, basal joints of antennae and edge of thorax dull yellow,
femora and tips of tibire often darker. Thorax about as long as broad;
sides regularly rounded from apex into base; basal depressions deep, nar-
row, sparsely punctured. Elytral stria? fine; intervals flat. Length 5.5-
6.5 rum.

Throughout the State; frequent. February 24-December 7.

Subtribe C. (ANISODACTYLI.)
This group comprises the single genus:

LXXIII. ANISODACTYLUS Dej., 1820. (Gr.. "unequal-toed.")

A large genus of medium sized black, brownish or piceous beetles
having the dilated joints of the tarsi of male spongy pubescent in-
stead of scaly beneath. They occur in various situations, the ma-
jority being found in dry, upland, open woods, beneath logs and
other cover. A number of our species hibernate and some of them
are very common at electrie light. Of 31 specimens dissected by
Dr. Forbes, 21 per cent, of the stomach content was found to be of
animal, and 79 per cent, of vegetable origin, mainly seeds, pollen of
grasses, etc., so that it is very doubtful if this genus can be classed
among the beneficial Carabida?. The papers treating of the genus
are as follows:

1 9-1 I ' \ M FLY 1 1. CARABIIX^.

Jforii. 'A Review of the Species of Anisodactylus Inhabiting
the United States," in Proc, Amer. Phil. Soc., XIX, 1880,
162-178.
Horn. "Synoptic Table." in Bull. Brook. Ent. Soc., Ill, 1881,

83.

About 42 species are known from the United States, 19 of which
have been taken in Indiana, while one other may occur. For con-
venience Jlic Indiana species are separated into three groups or sub-
genera.

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISODACTYLUS.

tin. Terminal spur of front tibire normal, slender; species hairy or glabrous.

a. Terminal spur of front tibite abnormal, either trifid or dilated at middle.

1>. Terminal spur trifid, i. e., with a blunt tooth each side near base ;

species glabrous. Group A.

lib. Terminal spur dilated at middle, without teeth at base; species

usually glabrous. Group B.

Group C.
GROUP A. (TRIPLECTUS.)

Oblong-oval species having the hind tarsi slender, as long as
the tibia-, the first joint as long as the next two, the fourth emargi-
j ate; elytra striate, intervals smooth, the third with one or more
dorsal punctures; tips distinctly sinuate. But two species of this
group have been taken, though another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.

(i. Prosternum at middle smooth, not pubescent; clypeus with one bristle-
bearing puncture on each side.

//. Surface shining, black ; legs black. DULCICOLLIS.

1>1>. Surface opaque, distinctly alutaceous; thorax narrowed from base
to apex, widest at base. 364. RUSTICUS.

mi. Prosternum at middle punctured and pubescent; clypeus with two bris-
tle-bearing punctures each side; thorax nearly as wide at apex as at
base. 365. CARBONARIUS.

A. dulcH-olIifi Laf., 11 mm. in length, is known from the Gulf
States and Missouri, and may occur in southwestern Indiana.

*.".<>4 (1180). ANISODACTYLUS RUSTICUS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II.

3X23, 32; ibid. II, 460.

Oblong-oval. Brownish-black; base of autenuie and
region of hind thoracic angles reddish-brown; legs pice-
ous. Thorax broader than long, as broad at base as
elytra; sides feebly curved, hind angles obtuse; basal
impressions rather shallow, not punctured. Elytra rather
deeply striate; intervals convex, the third with one to
fdiir dorsal punctures behind the middle. Length 9-
14 mm. (Fig. 100.)

Common throughout the State, especially so in

THE GROUND BEETLES. 195

sandy localities. January 10-November 24. Often seen running

over plowed ground in early spring.

365 (1181). ANISODACTYLUS CAKBONAEIUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 32 ; ibid. II, 460.

Elongate-oblong. Male, black, feebly shining ; female, rusty, opaque ;
antennas and. legs piceous, tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax slightly broader
at base than apex, sides feebly curbed; hind angles obtuse; margins broad-
ly depressed near base, finely and sparsely punctulate. Elytral intervals
finely alutaceous, slightly convex in male, flat in female; the third punc-
tured as in rusticus. Length 12.5-13.5 mm.

Throughout the state; common, but less so than rusticus.
March 19-October 17.

GROUP B. (ANISODACTYLUS.)

Oblong species usually shining and glabrous; terminal spur, of
front tibse dilated at middle. Elytra striate, the second stria with
a distinct dorsal puncture. Males with the front tarsi broadly,
the middle tarsi rather feebly, dilated.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OK GKOUP B.

a. Black species ; hind tarsi slender, equal to tibise, first joint nearly as
long as the next two together; male with first joint of middle tarsus
pubescent at tip.
&. Clypeus with one bristle-bearing puncture on each side.

c. Elytra opaque, the strige feeble, especially at tip ; hind angles of
thorax obtuse, sides regularly curved, base as wide as elytra.

366. FUBVUS.
cc. Elytra shining in both sexes, more deeply striate.

d. Elytra oblong, their sides nearly parallel ; intervals feebly con-
vex, distinctly but sparsely punctulate, feebly shining.

367. INTERPUNCTATUS.

dd. Elytra oval, their sides curved ; intervals convex, smooth ; form
more robust, surface shining. 368. AGRICOLA.

6&. Clypeus with two bristle-bearing punctures each side.
c. Hind angles of thorax obtuse.

f. Side margin of thorax very distinctly depressed, and with the
base punctulate. 369. HARKISII.

//. Side margin of thorax scarcely depressed. 370. NIGERRIMTS.
ce. Hind angles of thorax distinct, nearly rectangular.

fir. Elytra with sides nearly straight, subparallel ; intervals dis-
tinctly but sparsely punctulate. 371. NIGRITA.
<jg. Elytra with sides distinctly curved; intervals smooth, shining;
form more robust. 372. MELANOPUS.
ua. Bicolored or metallic species; hind tarsi slightly flattened, shorter than
the tibise, first joint but little longer than second ; male with first
joint of middle tarsus glabrous beneath.
h. Thorax piceous, brownish-yellow at sides; length 11 mm.

373. DISCOIDEUS.
hh. Thorax entirely piceous; length 9-10 mm. 374. BALTIMORENSIS.

196 FAMILY rr. C

366 (1182). ANISODACTYLUS FURYTS Lee.. N. Spec. N. Amor. '<>!., I, lsr3,

14.

oblong-oval. Black. Ihe elytra opaque; antenna' dusky brown, pale ;it
base. Thorax very little wider at base than apex, side margins feebly de-
pressed : disk smooth at middle, densely and finely punctured at base.
Elytra ahitareons. only feebly sinuate near tips; finely striate; intervals
Hat. Length 11-12.5 mm.

Posey Comity; ran 1 . May 11. A southern species whose range
is given as "Georgia to Louisiana."

367 (1186). ANISODACTVLI s INTERPINCTATUS Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer., IV,

1S37, 42.

Oblong, subparallel. Black, shining, female slightly opaque ; antenna?
and legs pieeous; basal joint of former and. spot on vertex reddish. Thorax
one-fourth broader than long, base and apex equal in width, sides broadly
curved, margin narrowly depressed; hind angles rectangular, basal impres-
sions deep; disk densely and finely punctured across the base, more sparse-
ly at apex, the middle smooth. Length 12-12.5 mrn.

Lake. Laporte, Marshall and Vigo counties; scarce. March 26-
Decciulicr 18. Occurs in sandy localities. Its general range is
northern.

3t;s (11S7). ANISODACTYLIS AGBICOI.A Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., 11.

1823, 33; ibid. II, 461.

Oblong, moderately robust. Black, strongly shining; antenna,' and tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax broadest at middle, base and apex equal, hind an-
gles rectangular; basal impressions distinct, narrow, rather densely punc-
tured. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex, not punctulate. Length
12-14 mm.

A^igo and Posey counties; scarce. April 28- July 20. The most
robust and convex species of the group.

36! (IISS). ANISODACTYIA'S HARRISII Lee.. N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., 1863. 14.
Oblong-oval. Black, strongly shining; antenna' and tarsi reddish-
brown. Thorax a little broader than long, distinctly depressed in the re-
gion of the hind angles, which are obtuse and rounded; median line dis-
tinct. basal impressions rather shallow, finely and densely punctured. Ely-
tral stria? rather deep; intervals finely alutaceous. slightly convex, very
finely and sparsely punctate. Length 11-11.5 mm.

Porter and Koscinsko counties; rare. May 9-July 24.

370 (lisii). ANISODACTYLIS NIGEKRIMVS Dej., Spec. V, 1829, 842.

Oblong-oval. Black, scarcely shining. Thorax broader than long, mod-
erately convex: side margins slightly depressed at middle and not at all
al hind angles; basal impressions small, shallow, sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Elytra as in Iturrixii. Length 11-12 mm.

Southern half of State, frequent; Lake and Laporlr counties,
iily in the north. April 22-Oetober 21.

( i

THE GROUND HEETLKS. 1 ( J7

371 (1190). ANISODACTYI.US NIGRITA Dej., Spec-. IV. 1s29. 14'.).

Very close to inter punctatus. Dr. II<irn states (7or. cit. under genus)
that he r-ould find no difference except that in nif/ritu there are l\vo clypeal
punctures on each side, while in in(< : ri>iuirt<itiix there is but one. Length
11'.." nun.

Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. May 11 uly 5.

.".7:2 (1191). ANISODAOTYU'R MKLAi\oPi",s ITald.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Xal. Sci..

I, 302.

Very similar to .1. agricola; differs mainly in having two bristle-hear-
ing punctures instead of one on each side of clypeus. This may be a Con-
stant difference, but I doubt its specific rank. However, it is much used
by Horn in his paper, on which my key is mainly based. Length 13 14 nun.

Kosciusko. Putnam and Knox counties; rare. March .!"> Au-
gust IS.

.".73 (1194). ANISODACTYLVS Discounts Dej., Spec. V. 1X29, S31.

Elongate-oblong. Pieeous, shining; antenna\ legs and sides of thorax
and elytra brownish-yellow. Thorax very little wider than long, narrowed
at base; sides curved in front, feebly sinuate behind, very narrowly de-
pressed; hind angles strongly rectangular, basal impressions short and deep,
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra wider than thorax, rather deeply stri-
ate; intervals smooth, slightly convex. Length lO.ri-ll.r, mm.

Throughout the State 1 : frequent in sandy localities. April 11
July 24.

*374 (1195). ANISODACTYU s I:.\I.TIMORI-:\SIS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe..

II. 1S23. 33; ibid. II. 4P.1.

Oblong, rather slender. Pices us. shining; antenna-, legs and elytra
pale, the latter often with darker discal cloud. Thorax distinctly wider
than long, basal impressions more shallow and sides more deeply sinuate
behind; otherwise resembles (lifH-oi'lciiN. than which it is smaller, more de-
pressed and less shining. Length !)-lo

Throughout the Stale; common. January 21-August L'C>.

<;i!0l P (.'. ( IlAPLOCENTRUS.)

This group is onipo^ed of species varying much in size, shape
and color, and agreeing only in possessing the characters of the
genus and in having the fronl libial spur slender, and the elytra
striate and sinuate at 1ip.

KKY To [NDIANA SI'I :< 'I KS Oh' (IKOl'P C.

ii. 1'llytra \\ilh a distinct dorsal puncture, surface LIU I puhescent ; lirsl
joinl of middle (arsus of male glabrous or with a very small pubes-
cent space beneath.

l>. Intervals of elytra convex, distinctly and finely punctate: vertex
with a red spot ; length 12.."i 11 mm. 37.1. VERTICALS.

198 FAMILY II. CABABID.E.

&6. Intervals flat or nearly so, not punctate ; head without red spot.
c. Species more or less oval, Aworc-like, with usually a metallic or

bronzed lustre.
(I. Thorax widest at middle, the apex almost as wide as base; basal

impressions not punctate; legs wholly pale.
e. Margin of thorax more or less flattened in the region of the

hind angles; larger, 7.5 or more mm.

f. Uniform piceous above; basal impressions rather narrow

and shallow. 376. SAYI.

//. Head and thorax piceous; elytra greenish-metallic; basal

impressions distinct, very wide. 'M~. TERMINATUS.

ee. Margin of thorax not flattened; basal impressions indistinct;

smaller, not over 7 mm. 378. NITIDIPENNIS.

(Id. Thorax widest at base, thence distinctly narrowed to apex ;

basal impressions distinct, finely and sparsely punctate; femora

piceous; length 8 mm. 379. CCENUS.

cc. Species oblong, black without lustre ; hind tarsi long and slender ;

length 11-12 mm. 380. LUGUBRIS.

<ia. Elytra without dorsal puncture; surface finely pubescent, densely punc-

tulate; first joint of middle tarsus of male pubescent over half its

surface.

g. Wholly black above; tibise and tarsi brown. 381. SERTCEUS.

gg. Head, thorax, antenna? and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra piceous.

382. INTERSTTTIALIS.

375 (1198). ANISODACTYLI'S VERTicALTS Lee.. Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist.. IV,

1848. 378.

Elongate-oblong. Black, shining; base of mandibles and a quadrate
spot on vertex red ; antennae and legs diill yellow. Thorax more than one-
half wider than long, narrowed behind ; sides broadly rounded, margins
distinctly reflexed. hind angles obtuse; basal impressions broad, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Elytra deeply striate; intervals convex,
finely and densely punctate. Length 12.5-14 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 19-August 20. Occurs in
sandy locations near water.

37t (1201). ANISODACTYI.US SAYI sp. nov.

Eurytriclnis picc-us Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV, 1848, 388.
Elongate-oval. Uniform piceous. shining; narrow margin of thorax
and region of hind angles, reddish, translucent ; antennae and legs brownish-
yellow. Thorax a little broader than long, sides feebly curved; margin
depressed behind the middle, hind angles rectangular, basal impressions
shallow, ill-defined, smooth. Elytral striae fine; intervals finely alutaceous.
flat. Length 10-10.5 mm.

Lake, Marshall, Viiro and Fulton counties; frequent. May 8-
September 28. This species resembles our common forms of Cala-
thus and is doubtless often confused with them. As the genus
flurytrichus undci 1 which LrToiiti- described this form has been

THE GROUND BEETLES. 1!)!)

merged with Anisodactylus, the name piceus is preoccupied by a
West Coast species, the No. 1176 of the Henshaw Catalogue. I
therefore propose the name sayi in honor of Thomas Say of New
Harmony. Indiana, who was preeminently the father of American
Entomology.

*377 (1202). ANISOIJACTYLTJS TEBMINATUM Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II,

1823, 48 ; ibid. II, 473.

Oblong-oval. Head and thorax dark brown or piceous, the edge of the
latter reddish-translucent; elytra with greenish-metallic lustre; antennae
and legs pale yellow. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides regularly
curved from base to apex, hind angles rectangular. Elytra as in the pre-
ceding. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-Uecember 25. In
September. 1903, this species was noted as very common on the
heads of the fireweed (Kr-lilil<-s hieracifoUa L.) in a deadening
near Wyandotte Cave, Crawford County, where it was feeding on
the seeds.

378 (1204). ANISODACTYLUS NITIDIPENNIS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., IV,

1848, 388.

Oblong-oval, rather narrow. Color of terminatus. Thorax scarcely
broader than long, sides very feebly curved, hind angles subrectangular :
disk minutely and very sparsely punctured near base. Elytra alutaceous ;
intervals almost Hat, sometimes very finely and sparsely punctulate. Length
6.5-7 mm.

Throughout the western half of State ; frequent in the southern
counties, rare northward. April 9-December 25. Occurs beneath
cover in sandy localities.

379 (1206). ANISODACTYLL T S CXENUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. 1823.

34; ibid. II, 463.

Oblong-oval. Piceous, moderately shining; elytra bronzed; tibia 1 , tarsi
and base of antenna? paler. Thorax as broad at base as elytra, sides feebly
curved, margins narrowly depressed from middle to base, hind angles rect-
angular. Elytral intervals flat, smooth, more shining in the male. Length
8 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April 16-May 11. Easily
known by its dark femora and punctured base of thorax.

*:;so (1208). ANISODACTYLTS LUGVBKIS Dej., Spec. IV, 1829, 118.

Oblong, rather broad, subdepressed. Black, feebly shining ; antenna'
and legs piceous, the basal joint of former and tarsi reddish-brown. Thorax
two-thirds broader than long ; sides gradually curved from apex into base,
the margins behind the middle flattened; basal impressions broad, shallow,
very finely and densely punctate. Elytral striae very fine; intervals flat,
alutaceous. Length 11-12 mm.

200 FAMILY Iff. HALIT'LID/E.

Throughout I he Stale; frequenl. April 1!"> -I )ecember IS.

:;s] (1209). ANI.SODACTYU'S sERicKrs Ilarr., N. Eng. Far., 182S, 177.

Oblong. Black, opaque; anteume reddish-brown; femora piceous, tibi;e
and tarsi pale. Thorax bn.uder than long, apex and base equal; sides regu-
larly curved, hind angles rounded, basal impressions obsolete; surface
sparsely punctate, more densely at base and near the sides. Elytral inter-
vals Mat. densely puuctulate, each puncture bearing a short, tine hair.
Length 10 mm.

Lake. Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. February
::1 -November 17. Noted on stems and burrowing beneath the roots
of grasses and s-dges about ponds. Also taken at electric light.

*3S2 (1210). ANISODACTYLUS INTERSTITIALIS Say, Trans
Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 57; ibid. II,
480.

Form and structure of sericeus. Color as given in
key. Thoracic margin broader, more depressed; me-
dian line and basal impressions evident, the latter
broad and shallow. Elytral intervals subcouvex, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Length 9.5-10 mm. (Fig.
101.)

Fig. 101. 24. (Original Throughout the State; common, especially in
sandy regions. March 17-December 18. A half dozen just
i 'merged as imagoes were noted on November 28.

Family III. HALIPLID.E.
THE CRAWLING WATER BEETLES.

In the North American fauna this family is represented by less
than MO knmvn species of small, very convex aquatic beetles. In
color they are light brownish-yellow, more or less spotted with
black, while in form they are oval and tapering at each end. The
elytra hear rows of punctures and the seutellum is invisible.

The^y comprise a family intermediate between the Carabidtv and
l)ytiscida j , having the antennae glabrous, filiform, 10-jointed and
inserted on the front before the eyes; thorax with distinct side
pieces; hind coxa- < .'titiguous at middle and prolonged as broad
plates which conceal the basal half of hind femora and from three
to six of the ventral segments. The slender but clubbed hind fe-
mora move between these plates and the abdomen, and are not
adapted to vigorous swimming.

Although aquatic in habil. these little beetles swim but feebly.
Where found they usually occur in numbers. They live in shallow
about the "margins of ponds, lakes and pools of streams, where

['Ill' <'HA\VI,IN<; \YATKK i'.KKTI.KS. L'Ol

they may often be noted crawling slowly over the partially decayed
aquatic plants, especially alga?. On account of their feeble swim-
ming powers they may be easily captured by raking the mass <>!'
vegetable matter onto the bank, when the beetles, on crawling out
to regain the water, may be secured. The name of the family is
derived from the Greek and means "sailing the sea," or "covered
with water."

The larvae of the Haliplidae live in the same places as the adults.
They are composed of slender segments, each, except the head,
being furnished on the back with fleshy lobes, bearing spiny tips.
while the last segment is extended into a long tapering appendage.

The principal paper, including descriptions of the North Ameri-
can species of this family, is by

Crotch. "Revision of the Dytiscidae of the United States," 'in
Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc.. IV, 187?,, 383-385.

The North American species are divided among three genera,
two of which are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HALIPLID/t.

a. Terminal joint of palpi small, awl-shaped; intervals of elytra punctate;
thorax without black spots at base. I. HALIPI.I s.

/in. Terminal joint of palpi conical, longer than the third; intervals of ely-
tra without punctures; thorax with two small round impressed black
spots at base. II. CNEMIUOTI s.

I. HALIPLUS Latr. 1806. (Gr., "the sea + sail.")

Of the ten species of this genus known from the United Sl;i1cs.
six have been taken in Indiana, while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPEC 'IKS OF IIAI.IPI.VS.

a. Thorax without a basal impression.

6. Prosteruum margined at sides; elytral punctures deeper at base than

apex.
c. A distinct black spot on middle of front margin of thorax.

383. TKIOPSIS.

cc. Thorax without black spot, sometimes slightly darker at apex.
d. Elytra not sinuate near apex.

e. Spots of elytra distinct; size larger, 3.5^4 mm. FASCIATI s.

ce. Spots more or less confluent; size smaller. 2.5 mm.

.",^4. LEW rsir.

i>il. Elytra distinctly sinuale near apex; spots often slightly con-
nected but mil continent. .">^.~>. BOREAOS.
lilt. I'rosternum flat, nol margined at sides; elytral punctures not deeper
at base than apex : elytra dull brownish-yellow with elongate black

SpOtS. 380. CRIBAKirs.

202 FAMILY III. HALIPLIDvE.

aa. Thorax with a small impressed fold on each side near base.

f. Pale ochreous yellow; thoracic fold shorter; elytral spots several,

more or less distinct. 387. RUFICOLLIS.

//. Pale reddish-brown ; thoracic impression longer ; elytral spots very

ill-defined. 388. LONGULUS.

383 (1221). HALIPLTJS TKIOPSIS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 106;

ibid. II, 518.

Ovate. Light brownish-yellow ; suture, base, tip and seven slightly con-
nected spots on each elytron deep black, the middle spots confluent. Head
and thorax distinctly punctate; punctures of elytral striae finer toward
apex. Length 3.5 mm.

Lake. Laporte and Marshall counties; frequent. May 25- Au-
gust 15. This is the species usually listed as H. punctatus Aube,
but that name, according to Blanchard, belongs to a more densely
punctate form from the Southern States.

H. fasciatus Aube, with head finely punctate and thorax wholly
reddish-brown, is known from the "middle and Western States."

384 (1224). HAUPLUS LEWISII Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1873,

384.

Smaller and more slender than triopsis. Head and thorax reddish-yel-
low without spots ; elytra with base and suture black, and a broad black
spot on each side, confluent at middle. Punctures of elytral striae weak ;
intervals very sparsely punctate. Length 2.5 mm.

One from woodland pond near Broad Ripple, Marion County ;
June 12.

385 (1222). HALIPLUS BOREALIS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 212.
Ovate. Dull reddish-yellow ; thorax slightly dusky at apex ; elytra each

with ill-defined basal line and five spots black, the one near humerus and
two on apical third rounded, the two on median third placed obliquely, each
double, composed of two partially connected oblong ones. Eyes very con-
vex. Head rather closely punctate. Length 3 mm.

Laporte County; scarce. May 26-August 20. A specias of
northern range. Resembles ruficollis but without the basal impres-
sions.

386 (1225). HALIPLUS CRIBARIUS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 212.
Ovate. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax paler and, in the speci-
men at hand, without black markings ; elytra each with five or six elongate,
more or less connected dark spots forming two oblique cross-bands. Head
finely punctate. Thorax deeply and coarsely punctate near the hind mar-
gin, more finely in front, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra with rows of deep
punctures; intervals each with a single row of widely separated punctures.
Length 4.2 mm.

A single specimen in the "Wolcott collection taken near Pine,
Lake County. June 9. A member of the Alleghanian fauna,

THE CRAWLING WATER BKF.TLI-N.

203

386)1 ( -). I-lALlPI.rS CR1BAKIUS SUBGUTTATUS LeC., MS.

A dark variety of the preceding having the vertex black; the elytra 1
spots disconnected and more distinct. Length 4 mm.

Pine, Lake County; May 12. This and cribariux were described
from Lake Superior.

387 (1226). HALIPLUS RUFICOLLIS Deli.. Mem. IV, 1774. 404.

Ovate. Head and thorax pale dull yellow with-
out spots; elytral spots larger than in borcalis, all
rounded, the two on median third often more or 1;

less confluent. Apex of elytra not sinuate. Length
2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 102.)

Pine and Hudson lakes, Laporte County;
ponds near Richmond; frequent. May 25-
August 20. Probably occurs throughout the
northern half of the State.

3ss (1227). HALIPLUS LONGULUS Lee. (Crotch).
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1S73.
385.

Fig. 102. (Original.)
Line shows natural length.

Close to rufleollis but more slender. Elytra with basal spot wanting;
the central spot dilated, triangular, the others indistinct. Length 3 mm.

Pine, Lake County; Marion County, from pond near Broad
Ripple ; scarce. April 3-May 28.

II. CNEMIDOTTS 111. 1802 (Gr., "wearing leg armor. ")

Our members of this genus are a little larger and more robust
than those of Halt-plus. All have the thorax marked at base by
two round black dots, and the elytral rows of punctures more or
less irregular on basal third. Four nominal species have been
taken in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CNEMIUOTUS.

ti. Hind femora with a broad pale ring near apex; elytra distinctly oblique-
ly sinuate near tips.

1>. Head entirely pale. Its!). 12-puivcTATi ,s.

lib. Head with vertex black. 3!>0. EDENTIU,I s.

an. Hind femora wholly dark brown or blackish.

r. Elytra without a subhumeral spot ; median subsutiiral spot continent

with the sutural line to form a discal blotch. 39L MUTICUS.

cc. Elytra usually wilh a small subhumeral spot; median subsutiiral spot

free or barely touching the sutural line. 392. PEDUNCULATVS.

204 FAMILY IV. DYTTSC'I U.K.

389 (1231). CNKMIDOTI s 12-ri NCTATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II,
1823, 106; ibid. II, 518.

Ovate, very convex. Dull yellow, each elytron with six
well defined black spots arranged as in the accompanying
ligure. Head finely, thorax rather coarsely and sparsely,
punctate. Elytra each with eight rows of large black punc-
tures and two rows of finer, paler ones on sides. Hind coxal
plates subangulate on hind margin. Length 3.5-4. (Fig.
103.)

Northern half of State, common ; less so in the south-
ern counties. Often taken in numbers when seining.
M.nv 2f)-August 15.

:;:>o < 1233). CNEMIDOTUS EDENTIH s Lee.. New sp. N. A. Col.. I. 1863, 21.

Slightly more elongate and less convex than l.!-i>nnctatiis. Pale straw
yellow. Elytra more attenuate behind the middle and with spots larger,
often more or less confluent. Length 4 mm.

Lake, Laporte, Marshall and Fountain counties; scarce. April
29-August 15.

391 (1232). CNEMIDOTUS MUTICUS Lee., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 21.
Resembles 12-ininctatus in form and sculpture. Differs by having the

hind femora wholly piceous or dark brown, the hind coxal plates broadly
rounded, and the elytra subtruucate at apex. The sutural black line is
narrowed on basal half and the median subsutural spot is confluent with it
to form a rather large irregular blotch. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Throughout, the State; common. March 1-i-October 23. This
as well as the other species probably passes the winter as imago.

392 (- -). CNEMIDOTUS PEDUNCULATUS Roberts MS.

Very rl'.r.-o to the preceding. Differs mainly in the arrangement of the
elytral spots as mentioned in key. The sutural black line is wider, occupy-
ing the sutural interval on the basal half, and is not confluent with the
median spot. The elytra are feebly sinuate rather than subtruncate at
apex. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Laporte. Marshall. Fountain. Marion and Lawrence counties;
scarce. May 11-October 23.

Family IV. DYTISCID^E.

THE PREDACEOrs DIVTXO P.EKTLES.

Tn the (piiet. deep pools of streams, and in ponds or stagnant
water may often be seen oval, flattened beetles hanging bead down-
ward, with the tip of the abdomen at or slightly above the surface
of the water. These beetles belong to the family Dytiscidas, the

THE PREDACEOUS DIVING BEETLES. 205

word being" derived from the Ureek D;/l isciis, meaning ;i diver. All
the species are more or less aquatic in habit and, as a rule, are
strong swimmers. Many of them hibernate as imagoes, burrowing
in the banks and mud at the bottom or sides of the pools in which
they dwell. Dr. Harris kept one for "three years and a half in
perfect health, in a glass vessel filled with water, and supported by
morsels of raw meat. It was capable of fasting a month ; was very
sensible to the changes of the weather, which it indicated by the
height at which it remained in the vessel." They are often seen
beneath the ice in late autumn or early spring. In the mature
stage, during the mating season, some of the larger species fly about
at night and are often attracted in numbers by electric and other
lights.

From the Haliplida? they may be readily known by having the
body less stout and convex and more obtuse at the ends; antenna?
glabrous, 11-jointed, usually filiform, and inserted under the front
behind the base of the mandibles; middle and hind pairs of legs
widely separated, due to the very large hind coxse, which reach
the sides of the body but do not cover the ventral segments. The
hind legs are the longest, and are strongly adapted for swimming,
being flattened and fringed with long hairs. The spiracles open
beneath the elytra on the upper surface of the abdomen. By lift-
ing the elytra slightly an air chamber is formed, from which the
beetle draws its supply while swimming. When the air in this
chamber becomes too impure, the insect rises to the surface, forces
it out and renews the supply. In color the beetles are usually
brownish-black, often with a dull glaucous or sea-green tint, very
smooth and shining. Some of thorn have the thorax and margins of
elytra marked with dull yellow.

The sexes of several of the genera possess modifications which
are of especial interest and which furnish excellent characters for
the separation of groups. In the males of these genera the three
basal segments of the fore (and sometimes the middle) tarsi are
dilated and form a circular disk on the under side of which arc
numerous small, cup-like suckers. These serve as
clasping organs. (Fig. 104.) The females of cer-
tain species also present an interesting dimorphism,
in that some of them have the elytra deeply fur-
rowed, while others of the same species have them
smooth.

The Dytiscida? are among the most voracious of (After domstock.)
all beetles. They prey not only upon the larva; of

206 FAMILY IV. llYTlSCIin/E.

of her insects. Imt often upon small fishes, and are sometimes very
troublesome in artificial fish ponds, where they attack the young
and eat off their fins. They also feed upon dead animal matter of
any kind which finds its way into the water where they live.

The larvge of the
Dytiscidae are also
aquatic and carnivo-
rous, and are known

Fig. lOo. Larva of Dvtisnid. (After Cornstock.) , >?

as water tigers.

(Fig. 105.) In form they are elongate, cylindrical or fusiform,
with a large oval or rounded and. flattened head. The jaws or man-
dibles are sickle-shaped and hollow, so that they can easily hold
and suck the blood or juice from any prey which they may capture.
These grubs remain in the water until full grown, w r hen they seek
cut some convenient place beneath a board, stone or tuft of vegeta-
tion where, by the squirming motions of the body, a cell is formed
in which they undergo the pupal stage. The length of time neces-
sary for this transformation varies greatly with the species and the
season.

Nearly 300 species of Dytiscidae are known from the United
States. Of these 70, representing 24 genera, have been taken in In-
diana. The family does not offer that diversity of color, form and
sculpture presented by the Carabida? and other families of terres-
trial beetles, hence the number of characters used for the separation
of genera and species is limited and the work, therefore, made more
difficult for the beginner. The classification is mainly that of Drs.
LeConte, Sharp and Horn and Mr. Crotch, in the following works:

LeConte. "Analytical Table of the Species of Hydroporus
found in the United States, with Descriptions of New Spe-
cies." In Proc. Ac-ad. Nat. Sci. Phil.. VII, 1855, 290-299.

LeConte. "Synopsis of the Species of Colynibetes Inhabiting
America North of Mexico," -in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil..
1862, 521-523.

Crotch. "Revision of the Dytiscida 1 of the United States," in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. IV. 1873. 383-424.

Sharp. On Aquatic. Carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscida?. in
Trans. Royal Dublin Soc.. II. Ser. 2. 1882. 179-1003.

Horn. Miscellaneous Notes and Short Studies of North Amer-
ican Coleoptera. in Tnins. Amer. Kut. Soc.. X, 1883, 276-284.

For convenience the family is first divided into subfamilies and
tribes.

THE PKKI> \CKorS HIV IXC! BEETLES. 207

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF IIY'I'ISCID^E.

a. Episternum of meta thorax not reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig.

106.) Subfamily I. FRAGMENTATI, p. 207.

an. Episternum of metathorax reaching the middle coxal cavity. (Fig.

107.) Subfamily II. COMPLICATI, p. 210.

In the accompanying cuts, Fig. 106 rep- , y
resents a diagram of a portion of the under r-^^x / \ 4 e*~-
surface of Laccophilus, which belongs to
the subfamily Fragtnentati, cc being the
middle coxal cavity. It will be seen that
the mesosternal epimeron (ms. e-pm.) ar-
ticulates at its inner end with the meta-
sternum (m~t.). and thus cuts off the
metasternal episternum (mt. eps.) from
the coxa! cavity. In Fig. 107, however, /"
which is a diagram of similar parts of . Fig. m 5. Fig. 107.
Colymbites of the subfamily Complicate (After wiekham.)

the mesosternal epimeron does not articulate with the metasternum,
and thus allows the episternum of the latter to reach the cavity.
These features are not, as a rule, difficult to make out, and form
the basis of the modern classification of the family, by Dr. Sharp.

Subfamily I. FRAGMENTATI.

The North American members of this subfamily are divided
among two tribes, both of which are represented in the Indiana
fauna. In all the species the scutellnm is invisible.

KEY TO TRIBES OF FRAGMENTATI.

(/. Hind coxre longer near the middle of the body; prosternum dilated be-
hind, truncate or nearly so. Tribe I. NOTERINI, p. 207.
/in. Hind coxa- longer near the sides of the body; prosternal process com
pressed, reaching the met a sternum.

Tribe II. LACOOPHILTNI, p. 201)

Tribe I. NOTEKINI.

The members of this tribe are all small beetles having the body
convex; obtuse in front and pointed behind ; front and middle
tarsi five-jointed ; apex of front tibia 1 with a curved spur or hook.
Two genera occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF NOTERINI.

. Last joint of maxillary palpus bifid or emarginate; prosternal process
not broader than long; hind tibire less dilated; length less than 3 mm.

I. CANTHYDRUS.
[1423402]

208 FAMILY TV. DYTISCID^E.

mi. Last joint ol' ma \ill;i ry palpus triinratM; prostprna I (.I|-"PRS ver.y broad
behind the <-o\.-p; hind tibi:e broader; length 4-5 mm.

II. HYDROCANTHUS.

I. CANTHYDBUS Sharp. 1882. (Gr., "beetle + water.")

Small and short, strongly convex species, usually variegated in
color above ; antennae very short and slender ; pectoral plate coarsely
sculptured at middle ; hind legs slender, the femora and tibiae but
little flattened, the former contiguous at base. Two species occur
in the State.

393 (1237). CANTHYDBUS BICOLOB Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,

447 ; ibid. II, 561.

Ovate, convex. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow ; elytra
dark reddish-brown, thickly and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.5 mni.

A small but handsome species, taken in Indiana only from Bass
Lake, Starke County, and Hudson Lake, Laporte County. Prob-
ably occurs throughout the lake region of the State. May 30-Au-
gust 20.

394 (1238). CANTHYDBUS GIBBULUS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 414.
Ovate, convex. Head and thorax yellow, the latter clouded with dusky

on the front margin ; elytra dark brown or piceous, with an irregular oblique
yellowish cross-bar near the middle. Elytra more sparingly punctate than
in Incolor, the dorsal rows of punctures more distinct. Length 2.5 mm.

Beneath rubbish on beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake
County; scarce. August 1.

II. HYDROCANTHUS Say. 1823. (Gr.. "water -'-beetle.")

In addition to the characters given in the key. this genus may b
known by having the last joint of the labial palpus very large, tri-
angular and compressed; the front tibia 3 with a strong spur; the
hind femora short and stout, th'-ir apical margins strongly ciliated;
tibia- 1 short, smooth, claws equal. But one species is known from the
United States.

.'I'.tn (1240). HYDBOCANTIIUS IEICOLOK Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 182.' 1 .,

105 ; ibid. II. 517.

Ovate, convex, attenuate behind. Head, thorax and under parts red-
dish-yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown, polished, iridescent. Three irregu-
lar dorsal rows of fine punctures visible. Length 4-5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. March 16-August 15. Prob-
ably hibernates, as one was taken from mud at the bottom of a pond
on the earlier date.

niviN'G HKKTLKS. L'O'.i

Tribe II. LACCOPHILIN1.

This tribe is represented in the United States by the single
genus:

III. L.u'coiMiiLrs Leach. 1817. (dr., "a pool + loving.")

Small and very active beetles, ovate and depressed in form, and
usually spotted in color; thorax without side margins; scutellum
almost concealed; prosternal spine narrow, acuminate and much
compressed ; hind coxa? expanded into broad processes which are
arched in front and almost completely conceal the coxal cavities;
hind legs highly developed. The males have the four front tarsi
dilated and clothed with spongy hairs beneath. The plates of the
hind coxa? have a ridge of fine lines, beginning near the middle at
the insertion of the femora and extending outward and backward.
These ridges, with their file-like arrangement, when rubbed by the
hind femora, form a musical or stridulating organ. Four species
have been taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF I.AC'COPHILl'S.

u. Elytra without distinct yellow cross-bars; male with ;i coxal file.
l>. Elytra blackish, with one or more greenish-yellow spots.

c. Larger, 6 mm.; elytra with the margin, four submarginal spots and
three basal lines greenish-yellow. 396. MACTLOSTS.

cc. Smaller, 4.5 mm. ; elytra dark reddish-brown, with the subhumeral
mark of maculosus present, the others confused.

397. PBOXIMUS.
lib. Elytra dull yellow, with a distinct blackish bar behind the middle.

398. FASCIATUS.

mi. Elytra black with two cross-bars and apex yellowish; size less than
5 mm.; males without a coxal file. .'!'>'.). TNOATUS.

396 (1242). LACCOPIIILT-S M ACT LOS rs Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc.. II.
1823, 100; ibid. II, 514.

Ovate. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow. Elytra as men-
tioned in key. the submarginal yellowish spots being in position, subhumeral,
median, postmedian and subapical, the second and fourth usually the larger.
The yellow basal markings vary much in si/.e and distinctness. Thorax
very short, four times wider than long, its surface, as well as that of elytra,
very finely reticulate. Elytra obliquely truncate ai apex, with one or two
irregular rows of minute punctures. Length (\ nun.

Tln-iMiirhoiil the State; common. M;irdi H! < )e1ober 23. Prob-
ablv hibernates.

210 FAMILY TV. DYTJSCIB^.

397 (1244). LACCOPHILUS PROXIMUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe., II, 1823,

101 ; ibid. II, 514.

Ovate. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, with only traces
of the greenish-yellow spots of macuJosus. Beneath darker than in that
species. Length 4.5 mm.

Laporte, Marshall, Marion and Lawrence counties; frequent.
April 11-August 20.

398 (1248). LACCOPHILVS FASCIATVS Aube, Spec., VI, 1S38, 423.

Ovate, subdepressed. Head, thorax and under parts dull brownish-
yellow ; elytra greenish-yellow with a broad blackish bar behind the mid-
dle. Thorax and elytra finely alutaceous, the latter rounded at apex.
Length 5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 4- August 12. The
meso- and metasterna are often fuscous.

399 (1253). LACCOPHILVS UNDATUS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 43-").
Narrowly oval. Head, thorax and under parts reddish-yellow; elytra

blackish with a rather broad, irregular basal and a narrower subapical
cross-bar, yellowish; also a spot on the margin about the middle and at
apex of the same hue. Elytra very finely and rather closely punctate.
Length 4.7 mm.

Fountain County and Pine Lake. Laporte County; scarce. July
21-August 15. The pale basal cross-bar varies in width and usu-
ally encloses two small squarish black spots on each elytron.

Subfamily II. COMPLICATA.

This group contains by far the greater number of the species
belonging to the family. All agree in having the middle coxal
cavity enclosed by four distinct pieces. The beetles vary much in
form and size, and exhibit the most perfect development of the oar-
like hind legs. Four tribes occur in the North American fauna, all
of which are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO TRIBES OF COMPLICATA.

a. Prosternum deflexed or bent downward between the front cox;e. so that
the process or spine is on a different plane from that of the pro-
sternum; front and middle tarsi four-jointed, except in Cclina ; length
less than 6 mm. Tribe I. HYDROPORINI, p. 211.

fid. Prosternum not deflexed; all the tarsi distinctly five-jointed.

b. Lower spur of hind tibia? not or but little broader than the other.
c. Outline of eye in front notched by the free margin of front of
head; front tarsi of males with three (two in Ar/<i1iiinix) basal
joints dilated, forming an oblong or elongate surface; length
usually 7 or more mm. Tribe II. COLYMBETTNI, p. 21M.

re. Outline of eye not. notched : front tarsi of males dilated so as to
form a rounded or triangular disk; hind tarsi (except in ////-
daticiis) with two nearly equal daws; length 10-40 mm.

Tribe III. DYTISCINI, p. 220.

THE PREDACEOUS HIVING BEETLES. 211

bl). Lower spur of hind tibiae dilated, much broader tban the other ; front
tarsi of males as in Dytiscini; hind tarsi with one claw (males) or
very unequal claws (females) ; length 30 or more mm.

Tribe IV. OYBISTRINI, p. 235.

Tribe I. HYDROPORINI.

Species of small size having the third joint of the front and
middle tarsi deeply lobed and concealing the fourth joint, which,
however, is often wanting ; the fifth joint slender, with claws which
sometimes vary in form according to sex. The "elytra! ligula''
mentioned in the key is a tongue-like process on the inner face of
the side margin of the elytra, which must be lifted to show it. Its
function is to unite more perfectly the elytra and ventral segments.
Seven genera are probably represented in Indiana.

KEY TO GENERA OF HYDROPORINI.

. Hind coxal cavities widely separated, each with an elongate notch be-
hind. IV. HYDROVATUS.
aa. Hind coxal cavities not notched behind.

?). Size small, 1.5-2 mm. ; first ventral segment firmly united to border
of hind coxse.

c. Form rounded, convex ; prosternal process rhomboidal. acute at tip.

V. DESMOPACHRIA.
cc. Form oblong, depressed ; prosternal process oblong.

VI. BIDESSUS.
/>/). Size larger, 2.5 or more mm. ; first ventral segment free.

d. Scutellum visible. VII. CELINA.
fid. Scutellum not visible.

e. Elytral ligula distinct, abrupt. VIII. CCELAMBUS.

ee. Elytral ligula wanting.

/. Mesosternum not reaching the metasternum. DERONECTES.

ff. Fork of mesosternum connected with the intercoxal process of

the metasternum. IX. HYDROPORUS.

IV. HYDROVATUS Mots. 1855. (Gr., "water + old or stagnant.")

This genus includes very small beetles which have the proster-
num dilated triangularly behind the front coxa? and the tips of the
elytra produced into a sutural point. Two species are known from
Indiana.

400 (1257). HYDROVATUS PUSTULATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci..

II, 184-1, 29.

Form rounded, convex. Head, thorax (except basal cross-blotch) and
under parts reddish-yellow; elytra dark reddish-brown with a broad post-
basal and a narrow subapical cross-bar orange. Upper surface alutarenus :
thorax faintly, elytra distinctly but sparsely, punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Northern two-thirds of State ; frequent. May 15-August 20.

L' I "2 v\ M 1 1 A' i v. PYTISCITVT;.

401 ( -). IlYDROVATUS INDIANENSIS Sp. 11OV.

Form of the preceding. Head and under surface reddish-brown; thorax
piceous with a median cross-bar reddish-brown; elytra piceous, each with
a broad reddish-brown sub-basal spot, a small spot behind middle and the
lips also indistinctly reddish. Thorax and elytra sculptured as in puxtu-
Length 3 mm.

Kosciusko County; rare. August 5. A distinctly larger and
much darker form than the preceding.

V. DESMOPACHRIA Bab. 1841 . (Gr.. ' ' band + point. ")

In this and the next genus the hind coxa,' are united firmly to
the ventral segments so that the under surface of the body from the
front of the metasternum to the hind margin of the third ventral
segment consists of one rigid piece. Desmopachria comprises mi-
nute, short, broad species, convex both above and beneath and hav-
ing the hind coxa? very greatly developed but with the coxal cavi-
ties much exposed. The genus is represented in the eastern United
States by a single small species.

402 (1262). DESMOPACHRIA CONVEXA Aube. Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838. 479.

Rounded, convex. Uniform brownish-red, shining. Elytra finely but
distinctly punctulate. tapering to an obtuse apex. Clypeus with a distinct
margin. Length 1.7 mm.

Laporte. Marshall, Wayne and Marion counties; frequent. Oc-
curs beneath grass roots along the margin of water. May 15-Au-
gust 15.

VI. BiDESsrs Sharp. 18*2. (Gr.. "double + wet.")

This genus contains a number of very small oblong-oval de-
pressed beetles, usually of a brownish color with paler markings.
The thorax has a basal groove or longitudinal fold on each side
which is often continued onto the elytra. Five species are known
from Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BIDESSUS.

. Basal grooves of thorax not continued onto elytra; elytra brown, each
with two yellow spots. 403. FLAVICOLI.IS.

mi. Basal grooves of thorax continued onto the elytra.

It. Elytra distinctly pubescent with yellowish hairs. 404. PCLICARICS.
l>h. Elytra not or very finely pubescent.

<. Elytral portion of basal groove distinctly longer than the thoracic
portion. 405. r.Aci STKIS.

c<: Basal groove about equally divided between thorax and elytra, or
distinct Iv longer on the former.

THE PKEDACEOUS PI VINO BEETLES. I'l)!

*/. Kirst ;IIK] second v(>iilr;il segments smooth <>r ohsolololy punetale;
cl.v I r;i linely punctate. 40H. AKFINIS.

dd. First and second ventral segments coarsely but sparsely punc-
tate; elytra coarsely punctate. 407. FUSCATVS.

403 (1270). BiuESsrs FLAVICOLLIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855.

295.

Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax, legs and under surface yellow :
elytra fuscous or brownish, each with two paler spots on the sides. Thorax
and elytra densely and finely punctate, the basal grooves of the former
very short. Hind coxae not longer than broad. Length 1.2-1.5 mm.

A single specimen from Hudson Lake, Laporte County, July 15.
Probably occurs sparingly in the lakes of the northern third of the
State. Known from Illinois, Pennsylvania and New England.

404 (1273). BIDESSUS PULICAEIUS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 494.
Oblong-oval, opaque. Head, thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; elytra

dark brownish-yellow, a faint yellow submarginal spot behind the middle
and another near the apex; postpectus and abdomen piceous. Elytra close-
ly punctulate and covered with fine hairs visible only beneath the lens.
Length 1.5-1.7 mm.

Laporte, Kosciusko, Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. May
31-August 15.

405 (1278). BIDESSUS LACUSTRIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823.

103; ibid. II. 51(5.

Oblong-oval, shining. Head and thorax dull reddish-yel-
low ; elytra brownish-yellow clouded with darker; under
surface usually black. Elytra very finely and indistinctly
punctate. Length 1.4-1. x mm. (Fig. 108.)

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-Au-
gust 20.

40i i (127.1). BIDKSSTS AFFINIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil.

'Soc., II, 1823, 104; ibid. II, 517.

Oblong-oval, feebly shining. Head, thorax and legs red-
dish-yellow; elytra and under side fuscous brown, the for-
mer often with paler elongate markings. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.

Throughout the State, frequent ; especially so in the northern
lakes. April 4-August 20.

407 (1279). BIDESSCS FrscATrs Crotch, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., IV, 1S7:!.
391.

Resembles <i /finis but darker and more shining. Known by the coarser
punctures of elytra and hind coxal plates and the shorter impressed stria
at base of elytra. Head and thorax almost smooth. Length 1.7-2 mm.

Starke County ; scarce. Collected by sweeping along the north
margin of "Bass Lake. May 10.

214 FAMILY iv. DYTISCID.T:.

VII. CELINA Aube. ls:W. (A proper name.)

Elongate, glabrous, parallel species having the scutellum dis-
tinct ; front and middle tarsi with five joints ; abdomen terminating
in a short spine. One species occurs in the State.

408 (1282). CELINA ANGUSTATA Aubg, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 447.

Elongate-oblong, parallel. Brownish-red, alutaceous, shining; elytra!
disk with a blackish cloud. Thorax three times as wide as long, sides
feebly rounded, disk very finely and sparsely punctate with coarser punc-
tures along the apical and basal margins. Elytra sparsely, finely and
irregularly punctate, with two or three discal rows of larger punctures;
their tips ending in fine points. Middle tibue of male curved and nar-
rowed at middle, the basal portion slender, the apical much broader. Length
4 mm.

This is listed as a southern species, but a single specimen was
taken in Lake County, on the shore oi 1 ake Michigan, and another
in Kosciusko County. June 9- August 1.

VIII. CCELAMBUS Thorn. 1SHO. (Gr., "swollen + belly.")

To this genus belong a number of small, oval or rounded beetles,
convex beneath (whence the generic name), and in color either
brown or pale with black markings. All are devoid of pubescence,
possess the elytral ligula above mentioned and have the humeral or
basal portion of the epipleura? limited behind by a well-marked line.
Seven species are known from Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CCELAMBT S.

<i. Front of head with a fine but distinct raised margin, the labruin much
concealed ; under surface of body very convex, usually light brownish-
yellow.

1>. Elytra without either distinct blackish spots or a carina on the sides.
very coarsely and regularly punctured. 409. IN.EQUALIS.

l>h. Elytra each with three or four black spots, and with a carina on the
side, the punctures much finer. 410. ACABOIDES.

<KI. Front of head without margin, the labrnui little concealed; under sur-
face of body less convex, wholly or partly black.
c. Elytra without impressed lines; smaller, 2.5-4.5 mm.
(I. Elytra nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, usually with fine and

coarse punctures intermingled.
e. Smaller, not over 3 mm.

f. Abdomen wholly black: sides of hind coxte very coarsely and

sparsely punctate. 411. TUEBIDVS.

ff. Abdomen in part or wholly pale; sides of hind coxae finely

punctate. 412. LACCOPHILINUS.

ee. Larger, .">.S t mm.; abdomen and melasternnm as in tiirlridus.

41:5. UISSIMILJS.

THE PREDACEOTJS DIVIXG BEETLES. 215

</d. Elytra dull yellow, clouded with black streaks, finely, densely and
evenly punctured. 414. NUBILUS.

cc. Elytra usually with a sutural and two dorsal impressed lines, deeply
and coarsely punctate ; larger, 5-5.5 mm.

415. IMPKESSO-PUNCTATUS.

409 (1284). CCELAMBUS IN^QUALIS Fab., Ent. Syst, I, 1792, 200.

Short, suboval, convex above and below. Head and disk of thorax dull
yellow, the latter with front and hind margins dusky. Elytra dark brown
with traces of dull yellow, notable for the deep and regular punctures.
Under surface coarsely and rather sparsely punctured. Length 3 nirn.

Stenben. Lake, Marshall, Laporte and Marion counties; common
in Lake Maxinkuckee. April 4- October 23. Usually listed as C.
l>nnctatus Say.

410 (12SS). CCELAMBUS ACAROIDES Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,

1855, 294.

Bounded-oval, subdepressed. Head, thorax and legs dull yellow; elytra
yellowish, with a large common sutural spot reaching past middle, and
three discal spots on each, blackish; an elevated subrnarginal carina on
middle third. Length 2.5 mm.

Steuben County; rare. July 5. Described from Illinois and
Kentucky and probably occurs throughout the State.

411 (1289). CCELAMBT-S TCRBiDus Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855.

298.

Oval, convex. Piceous brown, shining; head, an tenure, legs and mar-
gins of thorax dull brownish-yellow. Thorax finely punctate on apical half,
more coarsely near the base. Punctures of elytra rather dense and mod-
erately coarse. Length 2.8 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 28-July 21. Re-
sembles C. i)Ht<j/t<tlis, but beneath black and much less convex, the
elytra with finer punctures and the clypeus not margined in front.

412 (l.">77). C<ELAMBUS LACCOPHILINUS Lee., Proc. Arner. Phil. Soc., XVII.

1878, 595.

Short, ovate, subdepressed, pointed behind. Head and thorax light
brown; elytra darker, the male shining. Thorax of male finely rugose and
minutely punctured. Elytra rather coarsely and regularly punctate in
male; opaque and very finely ptmctulate in female. Basal segments of ab-
domen rather coarsely punctured in both sexes. Length 2.0-3 mm.

Marion and Marshall counties; frequent. March 14-October 1.
The females are minutely alutaceous and are much less common
than the males.

413 (1301). CCELAMBUS DISSIMILIS Harr., Cat. Ins., 1835, 472.
Oblong-oval, subcouvex. Head and thorax dull yellow to brick-red;

elytra dark reddish-brown, rather thickly dotted with fine and coarse punc-
tures. Length 3.8-4 nun.

Lake, Laporte and Marion counties; scarce. March 14-July 15.

216 FAMILY IV. "I )YT [SIMILE.

414 (1297). CtELAMBUS NTBILUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Ac;id. Nat. Sci., ISO-j. 2!>s.

Elongate-oval. Head, thorax, legs and anteume dull yellow ; elytra
with three or four irregular blackish streaks which sometimes merge to
form a fuscous cloud behind the middle; under surface black. Length
4..", mm.

Known from Indiana by a single specimen taken near Green-
castle. Putnam f'ounty, by Guy Wilson and presented to the writer.
July 9.

415 (1302). CCELAMBUS IMPRESSO-PUNCTATUS Schall.. Act. Hal.. I, 1783, 312.
Oblong-oval. Legs, head and apical half of thorax reddish-brown; ver-
tex, base of thorax and elytra dark brown, coarsely and deeply punctate.
.Many of the punctures elongate, continent; usually three impressed lines
on each elytron, reaching to about the middle. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Lake, Laporte and Marshall counties; scarce. April 23-Aii-
gust 16.

Dcroiici-lcs d< prcssus Fab., dull brownish-yellow, elytra with
black lines more or less confluent, length 4.5 mm., and D. griseostri-
dtiis, DeG.. black, densely punctate, the elytra often with narrow
greenish stripes or even entirely greenish-black, length 4.5 mm.,
both range from New York and Canada to Michigan and westward,
and perhaps occur in northern Indiana.

IX. HYDROPORUS Clairv. 180(i. (Gr.. "water + to walk.")

To 111 is genus belong a large number of small species quite simi-
lar in general appearance and therefore difficult to distinguish.
They are mostly ovate in form, dark brown in color and have the
head never margined in front ; the prosternum never truncate
behind; swimming legs feeble. When captured in a water net, they
leap or spring a few inches at a time, much in the same manner as
do "click beetles/' The following species have been taken or may
occur in Indiana :

KEY TO INDIANA SPKC1KS OF II YDKOPORVS.

a. Hind coxnl cavities not contiguous.
l>. Elytra variegated in color.

<-. 1'nder surface black or piceous ; form oval; length 3.5 mm.

416. CONCINNUS.

re. I'nder surface reddish- br<i\vn ; form broader, more obtuse in front,
more acute belli ! id ; length .",.7 mm. 1'i'i.enKU.

l>l>. Klytra unicolorous.

il. Under surface black or piceous: prosterual spine large.

THE I'REDACEOUS DIVING BKKTLKS. 217

r. 'I'horax strongly margined, sparsely but distinctly imnclatc.

417. sTAHNALis.

ee. Thorax finely margined, almost smooth. OHI.IH s.

dil. Under surface reddish-brown; prosternal process small; head and
thorax darker than elytra. 418. VILIS.

mi. Hind coxa? contiguous.

/. Form elongate, obconic; antenna? of male with joints 3-5 dilated;

length 5.5-G mm. 419. DIFFORMIS.

//. Form oval or oblong-oval; antenna? of male not dilated; length not

more than 5 mm.
//. Under surface reddish-brown ; side margins of thorax generally

thickened.

//. Elytra coarsely punctured, with two smooth, narrow lines on
each; above black or piceous. head and elytral markings dull
yellow. 420. STRIATOPUNCTATI'S.

Itli. Elytra without smooth lines.

/. Clypeus rounded, broadly margined; elytra blackish with bars

or spots of reddish-brown.

j. Thorax finely and indistinctly margined. 421. CONSIMILIS.
jj. Thorax broadly and distinctly margined. 422. INUULATTS.
//. Clypeus rounded, not margined.

k. Elytra blackish with yellow markings; form elongate-oval;
thorax not iufuscate. MIXTUS.

A7.'. Elytra reddish-yellow with elongate or oblong black mark-
ings.

/. Thorax with base and apex fuscous ; form convex ; sur-
face with dense fine yellow pubescence. SERICEI s.
//. Thorax narrowly fuscous at base ; form subdepressed ;
pubescence much less distinct. 423. DIMIDIATUS.
(>(/. Under surface (except sometimes the abdomen) black or piceous;

side margins of thorax not thickened.
m. Thorax evenly and regularly punctate.

//.' Punctures of elytra distinct ; length 4 mm. 424. NIGER.

mi. Punctures of elytra indistinct; length 5 mm. 425. MODESTUS.

mm. Thorax unevenly and irregularly punctate, the disk often smooth.

or nearly so.

o. Thorax finely and somewhat indistinctly margined at the sides.
p. Abdomen reddish-brown, paler than meso- and metathorax ;

elytra finely and indistinctly punctured.

q. Elytra piceons; form more slender and parallel; length
3-3.5 rmn. 426. PROXIMI s.

qq. Elytra reddish-brown ; form broader in front, more pointed
behind; length 4 mm. 427. DICHROI s.

pp. Abdomen black or piceous, not paler than meso- and meta-
thorax ; elytra distinctly punctate; length 4 mm.

428. AMERICANUS.

oo. Thorax distinctly margined at sides ; black, legs reddish-brown ;
length 4 mm. TENEBROSUS.

218 FAMILY IV. DYTISOID.K.

416 (1309). HYDKOI-ORI-K CONCINNUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855.

297.

Elougate-oval, attenuate behind. Head and thorax red-
dish-brown, the latter broadly iufuscate at apex, more
narrowly at base ; elytra black with three irregular red-
dish-brown cross-bars, interrupted at suture, one sub-
basal, one just behind the middle and the third at apex.
Upper surface glabrous, very finely alutaceous. Elytra
each with two more or less distinct striae of impressed
punctures and with numerous very minute, scattered ones.
Length 3.5 mm. (Fig. 109.)

1S (o??ginaL) 7 * Kosciusko, Marshall. Fountain and Lawrence

comities; frequent. -June 27-August 15. A hand-
some species resembling undulatus, but readily distinguished by its
glabrous surface.

H. pulcher Lee., colored above as in cbncinnus, is reported by
Dury from Cincinnati. It is evidently very close to concinnus, and
Crotch considered them the same, but Sharp describes them as dif-
ferent.

H. oblitus Aube, dark reddish-brown, slightly shorter and broad-
er than stagnalis, is also a species which may occur in northern In-
diana.

417 (1307). HYDKOPOKUS STAGNALIS G. & H.. Cat. Col., 1870, 441.

Suboval, rather broad, sides parallel, obtusely rounded behind. Uni-
form dark reddish-brown, glabrous, feebly shining ; head and thorax vary-
ing to paler. Thorax short, transverse, thickly margined; disk minutely
alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate at middle, more coarsely along
the base and apex. Elytra each with a median discal row of four to six
coarse punctures on basal half; elsewhere rather sparsely but distinctly
punctate. Length 3.5 mm.

Laporte County; rare. October 21. A member of the boreal
fauna. It is the collar is of LeConte, his name being preoccupied.

418 (1370). HYDROPOBUS VILIS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 208.

Elongate-oval, subdepressed. Head and thorax dark brown or piceous;
elytra paler reddish-brown. Upper surface glabrous, minutely alutaceous:
both t borax and elytra very finely, sparsely and evenly punctured. Length
3.3 mm.

Found in numbers in mud and water beneath a stone in a deep
ravine five miles northwest of Terre Haute, Vigo County. October
20. Described from California and Oregon. H. terminatus Sharp
is a synonym, according to Blanchard. who has compared my speci-
mens with the LeConte type.

TIIK 1'KKH M'KOCb l>l\IX<i KKKTLKS. I'll)

419 (1375). HYDBOPORUS DIFFOBMIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,

298.

Elongate, obconic. Nearly uniform dark reddish-brown, glabrous; an-
tennae and legs paler. Punctures of elytra uniform in size and rather coarse ;
those of thorax much finer. Prosternal spine elevated at sides and along
the middle. Hind coxal lobes strongly developed. Length 5.5-6.2 mm.

Taken only in Marion County, from woodland pond near Broad
Hippie; scarce. March 1-1. Our largest member of the genus.

420 (1328). HYDBOPOBUS STBIATOPUNCTATUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat.

Sci., II, 1844, 28.

Elongate-oval. Thorax and ground color of elytra piceous ; elytral
markings consisting of a sub-basal curved bar, an indistinct subapical and
a distinct apical spot, dull yellow. Upper surface finely and sparsely pubes-
cent. Elytra each divided into three subequal spaces by two smooth im-
punctured longitudinal lines; the intervals between them coarsely and
sparsely punctured. Length 3.2 mm.

Marshall County, near south end of Lake Maxinkuckee; rare.
June 27.

421 (1320). HYDROPOKUS IONSIMILIS Lee.. Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 214.

Oval, rather wide, slightly attenuate behind. Head
and thorax reddish-yellow, the latter fuscous on base
and apex. Elytra blackish, with three irregular red-
dish-brown spots; one marginal, extending from the
huinerus back one-third the length of elytron, then
across nearly to suture, where it expands ; one be-
hind the middle and one near or at apex; these very
variable in size and form. Length 4.5 mm. (Fig. 110.)

Northern half of State; frequent. April 4-

OctODer 23. (After wickhani.)

422 (1314). HYDBOPORUS UNOULATUS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

102; ibid. II, 99, 515.

In LeCoute's table this species is separated from cunslmilis only by the
broader margin of the thorax. In the specimens at hand the ground color
is somewhat paler and the reddish-brown marks of the elytra are smaller
and more indistinct than in cnnsimilits. Elytra more sparsely and coarsely
punctate than there. Length 4^1.5 mm.

Laporte and Marion counties ; scarce. June 12.

H. inixtus Lee., 4.1 mm., and H. sericeus Lee., 4.5 mm. in length,
both have a range which would indicate their presence in northern
Indiana.

423 (1327). HYDROPOBUS DIMIDIATUS G. & H., Catalog Col., 1870, 432.

semirufus Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855, 296.
Oval, moderately attenuate behind. Pale brownish-yellow; thorax with
a narrow black line on base; elytra each with seven or eight black spots.

220 FAMILY IV. - DYTISCTD^K.

sub basal, three in in irregular ri\v near tin- middle, ;md tforep sub
apical ; these often bifid behind. ;ind sometimes more ur loss confluent. Sur-
face closely and lincly punctate. Length 4 mm.

Laporte. Slarke. Marshall and Marion counties: scarce. June
9-June 16.

424 (1361). HYDROPORUS NUiKK Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 102;

ibid. II. 515.

Oval, rather convex. Nearly uniform piceous above ; head, legs ami
region of hnmerus obscure reddish-brown ; antennae fuscous, the base paler.
Thorax and elytra finely but distinctly and evenly punctured, sparsely
pubescent. Sides of nieso- and metasterna and base of abdomen coarsely
punctured. Length 3.7-4 mm.

Marion County, from woodland pond near Broad Ripple; scarce.
April 4-May 16.

425 (1366). HYDROPORUS MODES-ITS Aube. Spec. Gen., VI. 183S. 576.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous; head, sides of thorax and elytra,
legs and often the sides of abdomen obscure reddish-brown. Thorax and
elytra finely and indistinctly punctate, rather densely pubescent. Hind
coxal plates finely and sparsely punctate; mesosternum coarsely punctured;
inetastemurn and abdomen almost smooth. Prosternal spine with a dis-
tinct median carina. Length 5 mrn.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 4-October 21. The
males; are more 1 distinctly punctured and more densely pubescent
than the females.

426 (1323). HYDKOPORUS PROXIMUS Aube, Spec. Gen. des Hydrocau,

Oval, slightly convex. Head and thorax reddish-brown ; elytra piceous ;
sometimes with antenna 1 , legs and palpi reddish-brown. Thorax with sides
feebly rounded, hind angles obtuse, disk sparsely punctate. Length 3-
3.5 mm.

Lake County, from small pond near Pine; rare. August 24.

427 (1359). HYDROPORUS DICIIROUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II.

1844, 28.

Broadly ovate, obtuse in front, pointed behind. Uniform reddish-brown
above ; elytra rather thickly pubescent ; legs and often the abdomen reddish-
brown ; pectus black or piceous. Upper surface, except disk of thorax, very
finely and evenly punctate. Length 4 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 4-June 2!).

428 (1358). HYDROPORUS AMERICANUS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 575.
Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, legs and disk of thorax pale reddish-

brown; remainder of upper surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Disk of
thorax almost smooth. Pubescence of elytra less dense than in allied
species, usually distinctly visible only on the sides. Length 4 mm.

THE PREDACEOITS DIVING IJKKTKKS. 221

Lake, Laporte and Starke counties; scarce. May 28-August 20.

H. tencbntsus Lee., is known from New Jersey and Lake Su-
perior.

Tribe II. COLYMBETINI.

This tribe includes diving beetles of medium size or above, hav-
ing the tai'si distinctly 5-jointed, those of the males with the dilated
joints oblong. Nine genera are known to be represented in the
State, while a single species of another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF COLYMBETINI.

(i. Semimembranous side pieces of first dorsal segment smooth; smaller,

rarely 11 mm.
1>. Hind tarsi with unequal claws.

c. Spine of prosteruum not snlcate; elytra with a pale pubescent spot
on the inner face at apex. X. II.YBIUS.

cc. Spine of prosternum deeply sulcate ; elytra without pale spot.

XI. MATUS.
bh. Hind tarsi with claws equal or nearly so.

(1. Last joint of palpi emarginate; prosternal process much swollen
along the middle. XII. COPTOTOMUS.

(Id. Last joint of palpi normal, not dilated or emarginate.

c. Elytra deeply striate; prosternal spine but little swollen at mid-
dle. XIII. COPEI.ATUS.
ee. Elytra not distinctly striate.

/. Thorax not margined ; elytra beneath the lens showing numer-
ous very fine elongate stria?; prosternum not sulcate.

XIV. AGABETKS.
if. Thorax margined at sides.

<l. Elytra with very fine longitudinal impressions; hind legs

short and stout; wing of metasternum linear, strongly

curved. XV. ILYBIOSOMA.

ffff. Elytra without fine stripe; hind legs of medium length and

size ; wing of metasternum wedge-shaped. XVI. AGABUS.

(Hi. Semimembrauous side pieces of first dorsal segment rugose; larger.

usually 12 or more mm.
//. Upper surface conspicuously reticulate; thorax not margined on sides.

SCUTOPTERI'S.

lilt. Upper surface not reticulate.

/. Elytra smooth, or in the female with short coarse lines; metas-
ternum with a broad, deep groove; thorax margined.

XVII. RHANTI s.

/'/. Elytra with fine transverse wrinkles: metasternum with a narrow
indistinct groove : thorax not margined. XVIIT. < 'or.viui:i-:TKs.

The ru.u'osil ics referred to under <ui in Hie above lable are near
111;- Mrs! spiracle,' and the '-Ivtron must be raised to see Ilieni prop
erly.

222 FAMILY IV. DYTISCID^.

X. ILYBIUS Er. . 1832. (Gr.. "mud + life.")

Oblong, convex black or metallic beetles of medium size, having
the thorax margined and the prosternal spine compressed and
acute. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed,
thickly fringed beneath, the claws equal, the anal segment often
earinate; female with anal segment emarginate. The upper sur-
face, when viewed with a lens, is seen to be finely reticulate, while
beneath they are finely strigose. On the sides of the elytra are two
small pale spots, one of which is subapical.

Two species have been taken in Indiana while three others may
occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ILYBIUS.

(i. Hind tarsi of males with the joints margined at tin* outer lower edge:

all four spots of elytra distinct.

ft. Last ventral segment of male acutely (-innate; above dark reddish-
brown. 429. IGNARUS.
hi). Last ventral of male not carinate, its apical portion with coarse
lengthwise stride; upper surface greenish-bronzed, metallic.

SUB/ENEl'S.

aa. Hind tarsi of males not margined at the lower outer edge.

c. Last ventral of male carinate; one or both elytral spots very faint.
d. Black, slightly bronzed; elytra without reddish marginal stripe.

430. BIGUTTULUS.
dd. More strongly bronzed ; elytra with reddish margins.

FBATEBCULUS.

cc. Last ventral of male not carinate; elytra with margin broadly red
from the huineri to beyond the middle. CONFI srs.

429 (1385). ILYBIUS IGNARUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat, Sci., 1862. r>21.
Elongate-oval, not dilated at middle. Dark reddish-brown: margin of

elytra slightly paler, the front spot linear; legs piceous. Front tarsal daws
of male distinctly sinuate beneath. Length 8-9.5 mm.

Shore of Lake Michigan near Pine, Lake County; rare. May
25. Also one specimen marked "Ind." in Webster collection.

7. su'bwneiis Erichs., 11.5 mm. -. /. frali'n-ubts Lee., 10.5 mm., and
7. confusvs Aube, 11 mm. in length, are all members of the boreal
fauna which have been taken in Michigan and perhaps occur in
northern Indiana.

430 (1389). ILYBIUS BIGUTTULUS Germ., Ins. Sp. Nov.. 1824, 29.

Oval, convex, slightly dilated at middle. Antenna? and front and mid-
dle legs, reddish-brown ; under surface and hind legs piceous.
Length 10-11 mm. (Fig. 111.)

Lake, Laporte. Starke, Vigo and Fountain coun-
ties; probably throughout the State; frequent. April
23-October P>. When caught with the fingers it ex-
FJK. 111. udcs from the under side a white milky substance.

THE PREDACEOFS DIVIXO 15KETLKS.

223

XI. MATUS Aube. 1838.

Here belongs one medium-sized species having the head very

broad; thorax margined; prosternnm deeply sulcate; claws of hind

tarsi unequal, the outer one being nearly twice as long as inner.

431 (1404). MATUS BICARINATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 98;

ibid. II. 512.

Elongate-oval, slightly convex. Uniform brownish-red, shining; an-
tenna. 1 paler. Thorax rounded at sides, front angles acute. Elytra with
two. or three rows of faint dorsal punctures. Length 8-9 mm.

Lake, Marshall, Wells, Marion and Vigo counties; frequent.
Hibernates. March 14-December 20. Readily known by the elon-
gate form and peculiar color.

XII. COPTOTOMI-S Say. 1S:U. (Gr., "cut + joint.")

Medium-sized oval species having the terminal joint of the palpi
somewhat compressed and notched at tip; prosternum with an ele-
\ated carina; last joint of hind tarsi equal to fourth; claws equal.
pressed together and apparently single. One
species occurs in the State.

4.".2 (l.'UXi). CoPTOTOMijS INTEKROGATUS Fab., Syst.

Eleut.. I, 1801, 2C.7.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Head, thorax and un-
der parts reddish-brown ; vertex black: thorax
black at base and apex; elytra pitch-brown, with
numerous very small pale markings, a short stripe
near the scutellum and an irregular marginal stripe,
yellowish. Female with basal portion of elytra
less shining than in male and marked with short,
dense indistinct stria;'. Length 7 mm. (Fig. 11 la.)

Throughout the State; frequent. March
IG-Oetober 28. Probably hibernates. Taken
at electric light in June.

Fig. Ilia. (After Sharp.)

XIII. CV)PEi,VTT'S Er. 1832. (Gr.. "oar or leg + wide.")

Rather small beetles having the claws equal in both sexes; pro-
sternum with an acute carina in front; hind femora not dilate at
apex. The males have the fore and middle tarsi dilated and fur-
nished with small equal disks. One species occurs in Indiana.
4: 1 >."> (1402). COPELATUS GLYPHICUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II. isi':;.
99; ibid. II, 512.

Oblong-ovate, rather narrow, subdepressed. Dark reddish-brown or
piceous ; antenna' and legs paler. Thorax almost smooth. Elytra each with
ten deeply impressed stri:e, reaching almost to apex. Length 5-6 mm.

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 4-October 21.
[1523402]

224 FAMILY l\ r . I>YTIS(']1>.-E.

XIV. AGABETES Crotch. 1873. (Gr., " good + swimmer.")

This genus contains but one short, broad, depressed species hav-
ing the head somewhat flattened: thorax very short, with sides
rounded, not margined ; prosternal spine with an acute carina. The
males have the anal segment deeply impressed each side, and the
front tarsal claws very long.

434 (1405). AGABETES ACUDUCTUS Harr., New Eng. Far.. 1828, 124.

Oval, subdepressed. Blackish or piceous, feebly shining; head, side
margins of thorax and Imineri of elytra reddish. Disk of thorax and sur-
face of elytra with very numerous short scratches or impressions. Length
7-7.5 mm.

Lake, Kosciusko and Knox counties ; rare. April 29-Septem-
ber 2.

XV. ILYBIOSOMA Crotch. 1873. (Gr.. "mud or slime + body.")

This genus comprises two medium-sized species having the hind
tibia? and tarsi very short; first tarsal joint shorter than the tibial
spur. The males have the front and middle tarsi compressed, nar-
rowly dilated; claws simple. One of the two, described from Can-
ada and belonging to the boreal fauna, occurs in northern Indiana.

435 (1399). ILYBIOSOMA BIFARIA Kirby, Faun. Bor. Ainer., IV, 1837, 71.
Oblong-ovate, subconvex. Black, shining; head in front, antenna?, legs

and side margins of thorax reddish-brown. Elytra with numerous minute
longitudinal impressed lines which, behind the middle, are transverse. Length
0-7 mm.

Represented in the collection by a single specimen taken near
Pine. Lake County. May 3.

XVI. AGABUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., a proper name.)

A large number of blackish or more or less metallic, rarely varie-
gated beetles, ranging from 7 to 12 mm. in size and having the
thorax margined ; prostemum often acutely carinate; claws of hind
tarsi equal; elytra usually very finely reticulate or alutaceous. The
front tarsi of the males are swollen, the joints beneath being clothed
with hairs which are usually tipped with minute disks. The hind
legs are rather feebly developed for swimming, and the beetles are
therefore often found under stones in wet, grassy places, or about
the roots of semi-arpiatic plants in marshes and shallow pools.
.More Iliaii f><> species arc listed from lite Tttiled States. Of these.
10 are known 1'rom Indiana Avltile several others doubtless occur.
On account of their close similarity they are difficult to separate un-
less both sexes are at hand.

THE PTtEDACKOTTS DTVTNT! BEETLES. 225

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGABUS.

(i. Outer front tarsal claw of male elongate and dilated or thickened be-
neath.

1). Elytra brownish-yellow ; length 9.5 min. ERYTHROPTERUS.

bb. Elytra black, finely and densely reticulate ; length 6.5-7.5 min.

436. ANTHRACINUS.

aa. Outer front claw of moderate length, not dilated beneath.

c. Front tarsal claws of male compressed, obtusely dentate at base.
(I. Elytra brownish, more or less pale; inner margin of hind tibiae
without punctures; prosternal spine acutely carinate along the
middle; length 8.5-9.5 mm. 437. CONFINIS.

(Id. Elytra black or brassy black; inner margin of hind tibiae with a
row of punctures ; prosterual spine broad, nearly flat ; length 9-
10 mm. 438. SERIATUS.

cc. Front tarsal claws of male simple or acutely dentate.
c. Front claws of male simple.

/. Inner margin of hind tibiMe without punctures.
g. Prosternal spine rather narrow, convex.

H. Elytra dark reddish-brown, very shining, without a submar-

ginal pale stripe, their surface not coarsely reticulate;

length 7.5-S.5 mm. 439. PUNCTATUS.

///(. Elytra fuscous with a reddish-yellow submarginal stripe;

their surface coarsely and unequally reticulate ; length

8 mm. RETICULATUS.

</!>. Prosternal spine broad, flat, polished; elytra black, each with

a dull yellow submarginal stripe.
/. Broadly ovate ; under surface reddish-brown ; length 10 mm.

440. STAGNINUS.

ii. More narrowly ovate ; under surface black ; length 7.5-8 mm.

OBTUSATUS.

ff. Inner margin of hind tibire with a row of deep punctures; thorax
finely margined ; elytra uniform piceous, shining ; length 9 mm.

441. GAGATES.

cc. Outer front claw of uiaie acutely dentate near the base.
j. Elytra dull yellow with black stripes.

/,-. Body beneath wholly red; first joint of middle tarsi equal to

the next three combined ; length 9 mm. TVENIOLATIS.

A-/,-. Meso- and metasterua and coxae black; first joint of middle

tarsi less elongate ; length 7.5-S mm. 442. DISINTEGRATES.

;./. Elytra not dull yellow.

/. Elytra reddish-piceous with a greenish or brassy tinge, finely
pnnctulate ; length 7 mm. 443. ^ENEOLUS.

II. Elytra black.

m. Form broad, subdepressed ; elytra with a subapical pale
stripe; length S.5-9 mm. 444. SEMIVITTATUS.

nun. Form narrow, convex; elytra without pale stripe but with
numerous irregular punctures; length 0-7 mm.

445. SEMIPUNCTATUS.

226 FAMILY IV. UYTISOID/E.

A. eri/t]irp1( rux Say, A. rcticulatus Aube and A. obtiisatus
Say are members of the boreal fauna known from Massachusetts to
Lake Superior and perhaps occur in northern Indiana.

430 (1433). AGABUS ANTHKACINUS Mann., Bull. Mose., II, 1852, 304.

Oval, moderately convex. Black, subopaque ; antenna 1 , palpi and legs
reddish-brown. I'pper surface everywhere finely and densely reticulate.
Elytra with a few fine scattered punctures toward apex. 1'rosternum dis-
tinctly widened behind the front cox;e. subcarinate its full length. Front
and middle tarsi of male with distinct but small disks. Length 6-7.5 mm.

Kosciusko County ; rare. June 1. Taken from border of
sphagnum marsh. A boreal species ranging to Hudson's Bay and
Alaska.

437 (9300). AGABUS CONFI-NIS (iyll.. Ins. Suec., I, 1S27, 511.

Oblong-oval, convex. Head, thorax and under surface black; elytra
dark brown, polished; antenna 1 , front legs and margins of elytra reddish-
brown; hind femora piceous. Elytra sparingly and irregularly punctate.
Lengt li x..~i 0.5 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties; frequent Ix-neath rubbish along the
shores of Lake Michigan. May .l-Xovember !'.

4: is (1411). AGAIU-S SERIATUS Say. Trans. Amer. 1'liil. Soc.. II. 1S23. 07:
ibid. II, 511.

Oblong-ovate, subconvex. Black, slightly bronzed, shining; antenna'
and legs dark reddish-brown. Elytra very finely and closely reticulate,
with two or three dorsal rows of punctures evident but indistinct. Length
0-10 mm.

Vigo and Poscy counties; scarce. April 24-October 20. In
Vigo County taken from beneath stone in bottom of deep ravine.

430 (1421). AGABUS PUNCTATUS Melsli.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II.

1844, 27.

Short, ovate, convex. Head, antemue and legs reddish-brown; thorax
and elytra darker brown; under surface piceous. Thorax with sides nearly
straight, the margin distinct. Elytra with irregular dorsal rows of punc-
tures and numerous additional scattered ones on apical half. Outer spur
of hind tibia.' broad and large. Length 7.5-8.5 mm.

Lake and Marion counties. March 14--June 4. Common in
woodland pond near Broad Ripple in early spring.

440 (1417). AGABUS STAGNINUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 100;

ibid. II, 513.

Broadly ovate, subdepressed. Black or piceous. slightly bronzed above,
shining; under parts reddish-brown; vertex with two small reddish spots.
Sides of thorax but little rounded, strongly margined. Elytra very finely
reticulate, with an indistinct subinarginal yellowish stripe on apical halt'
and three rows of rather large punctures. Length 10 mm.

THE PREDACEOUS DIVING HHETLES. 227

Lake Wawasee, Kosciusko County; rare. June 1. This spe-
cies is close to sewii-itiatux but is larger, broader, more depressed
and the male has simple claws.

441 (1447). AGABUS GAGATKS Aube. Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 306'.

Ovate, subconvex. Piceous, shining ; antemue. legs, head in front, pro-
and mesMsterna and sides of thorax more or less reddish brown. Sides of
thorax slightly rounded, rather strongly margined. Elytra finely and closely
reticulate with dorsal rows of line but evident punctures. Prosternal spine
carinate. Length '.)-!>. r> mm.

Laporte and Vigo counties; scarce. August 26-November 4.
Those found on the latter date were taken beneath stones in a damp
ravine.

A. tftnioldhix Ilarr., is recorded from Ohio, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania.

442 (1428). AGABUS DISINTEGRATE Crotch, Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., IV, 1873, 416.

Ovate, subconvex. Head and thorax dull reddish, the
latter with the front and hind margins black; elytra dull
yellow, with three or four narrow black stripes. Surface
smooth. Length s mm. (Fig. 112.)

Marion. Vigo and Lawrence comities; scarce.

Fig. 112. X 3.
March 14-0ctol>er 18. (After Wiekham.)

443 (- -). AGABUS .ENEOLUS Crotch, Trans. Amer. Eut. Soc., IV, 1873, 417.
Ovate. Above reddish-brown or reddish-piceous, elytra often with a

greenish tinge; beneath black or piceous; anteume and legs paler. Thorax
strongly margined and with an angulate row of coarse punctures near the
hind angles. Elytra very finely punctate and reticulate, with dorsal rows
of coarser punctures which are confused towards apex. Prosternal spine
subcarinate. Length 6.5-7 mm.

Lake County; rare. May 23. Taken from the beach of Lake
Michigan near Pine.

444 (1419). AGABUS SEMIVITTATUS Lee., Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., V, 1849, 204.
Rather broadly ovate, subconvex. Black, shining; elytra with an in-
distinct snbmarginal yellowish stripe on apical third; antennas and legs
reddish-brown. Sides of thorax nearly straight. Elytra finely and obso-
letely punctate, the dorsal rows of punctures irregular, rather deeply im-
pressed, confused toward the apex. Length X.5-9 mm.

Lake, Laporte, Putnam, Morgan and Jefferson counties; scarce.
May 5-September 5.

445 (1423). AGABUS SEMIIMNCTATUS Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, 1837, 65).
Oblong-ovate, convex, the sides rather parallel. Black ; antenna?, mouth

parts and legs reddish-brown. Elytra of male shining, very finely reticu-

PAMI LY TV. DYTISCID/^.

late, with the dorsal rows of punctures well marked and additional ones in
the intervals; of female opaque, more coarsely reticulate and without punc-
tures. All the tarsal claws short and weak. Length 6-7 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties, beneath rubbish along the shores of
lakes; scarce. May 25-October 21.

Scutopterus aitgitstits Lee . black, length 16 mm., is known from
Canada, Lake Superior and Kansas.

XVII. RHANTUS Eseh. 183:1. (Gr., "to wet or soak.")

Medium-sized species having the thorax margined; last joint of
hind tarsi as short as fourth, with daws unequal. Males with front
and middle tarsi compressed, dilated, and with four transverse
rows of disks on under side. The following species have been
taken or may occur in Indiana:

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF RHANTUS.

a. Claws of middle tarsi of male unequal, the outer one much longer than

the inner.
b. Thorax with hind angles not prolonged ; elytra blackish with numer-

ous fine dull yellow markings.

c. Thorax with one or two median black spots ; length 11.5-12 mm.
*/. Legs dull yellow ; discal spot of thorax divided by a narrow line.

BINOTATUS.
<1<1, Femora black ; discal spot entire, transversely quadrate.

FLAVOGRISEUS.

cc. Thorax yellow, its front and hind margins black ; length 10.5 mm.

446. BISTRIATUS.

hl>. Thorax with base deeply bisinuate. the hind angles prolonged, acute;

elytra wholly black or piceous; length 10 mm. SINUATUS.

mi. ('laws of middle tarsi of male equal; upper surface entirely black;

length 111 inin. 447. CONKUSUS.

If. Itiiinltiliix Ilarr., and It. //(irniii-isciix Crotch, both have a
range which may include northern Indiana.

446 (1466). RHANTUS msTRiATUs Bergst., Xom., I, 4

Rather shortly ovate. Head black, front and vertex dull yellow; thorax
yellow, its front and hind margins black; elytra blackish, the margins and
many small reticulate marks dull yellow; prosternum and four front legs
reddish-brown; remainder of under surface black. Outer middle claw of
male very broad, compressed. Length 9-10 mm.

Beach of Lake Michigan, near Pine, Lake County; rare. May
5-June 28.

R. *inutiln* Lee., is known from Xe\v York, Illinois and Mich-
igan.

THE PREDACEOUS DIVING JJEETLES.

Fig. 113. X 2J.
(Original.)

447 (_ _). KlIANTUS CONFUSUS Sp. 11OV.

Elongate-oval, rather robust, subdepressed. Above uni-
form black, shining; antenna? and palpi light reddish
brown ; tibia? and tarsi dark reddish-brown ; under sur-
face piceous. Head smooth, the front with two small
fovese between the bases of antenna?. Thorax more than
twice as wide as long, sides feebly curved, margins dis-
tinct; surface with sparse flue punctures near the front
and hind margins. Elytra each with four double rows
of fine, very confused punctures. Prosternum convex but
not distinctly carinate along the middle. Length 12 mm.
(Fig. 113.)

Floyd County: rare. September 28. Described from a single
male taken from beneath a stone on the shore of the Ohio River.
Under a strong lens the entire upper surface of both this and ~bis-
iriatns is seen to be marked with very fine reticulated lines between
which are numerous exceedingly minute punctures, giving it. the ap-
pearance of being alutaceous.

XVIII. COLYMBETES Clairv. 1806. (dr., "dive + swim.")

Rather large elongate beetles having the sides of thorax oblique,
not margined; seutellum punctate; elytra with very fine transverse
stria?. The males have the anal segment triangularly emarginate
and joints 2 and 3 of front and middle tarsi clothed with small
equal disks. One species occurs in Indiana.

448 (1474). COLYMBETES SCULPTILIS Harr.. N. Eng. Far., 1829, S.

Elongate-oval. Vertex black with two small paler spots ;
tlmrax, front of head and margins of elytra dull yellow,
the thorax with a black transverse discal bar; disk of
elytra darker: under surface black, legs and hind mar-
gins of abdominal segments reddish-brown. Length 10 mm.
(Fig. 114.)

Occurs sparingly along the shore of Lake Michi-
gan ; not noted elsewhere but should occur. May

O 7

Fig. 114. x H 5-.Tune 26

(After Wickham.)

Tribe III. DYTISCINI.

Diving beetles of large or medium size, easily distinguished by
the peculiar dilated form of the front tarsi of the males. In thase
the first three joints form a circular cushion with small disks on tin 1
under side. The middle tarsi ;ire also fivquenlly dilated, the joints
being oblong will; variously arranged disks or suckers beneath.
Sometimes, as in Acilius, there are three well-marked sizes of disks
on the same foot. The tribe is represented in the United States by
six genera, five of which occur in Indiana.

230

FAMILY I V. DYTISCITXE.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF DYTISCINI.

a. Length one inch or more; joints of hind tarsi not fringed with flattened
hairs on the outer margin, the last one with two claws; front tarsi
of males with two large and numerous small disks.

XIX. DYTISCUS.
mi. Length scarcely exceeding one-half inch ; joints of hind tarsi fringed on

the outer margin.
6. Spurs of hind tibhe acute at apex : claws of hind tarsi unequal.

XX. HYDATicrs.
ljl>. Spurs of hind til)i;e emarginate at apex.

c. Elytra either 4-sulcate (female), or with distinct, closely placed.

moderate sized punctures (male). XXI. Acn.n's.

cc. Elytra not distinctly punctured, sometimes very finely punctulate

or partially aciculate.
</. Middle femora with long conspicuous seta 1 .

XXII. THERMONEOT.S.
ild. Middle femora with short, stout seta?. XXIII. GRAPHODER[:S.

The emarginate or bifid tips of the tibial spurs in the last throe
genera are very fine, and must he looked for with a good lens.

XIX. Dvnsrrs Linn. 1735. (Gr., "a diver.")

To this genus belong the largest of our diving beetles. They
are of a dark olive-brownish hue. with the elypeus and a stripe
along the sides of thorax and elytra dull yellow; front and hind

margins o f thorax
also usually more or
less yellow. (Fig.
115.) Form elon-
.uale-oval, little con-
vex and of variable
width; clypeus sepa-
rated from head by
a suture visible
across the full width
of head; thorax not
margined; claws
equal in both sexes.
The females of some

Fig. 115. Dytiscin: ,1, larva of D. marginalia devouring a larva of *P^

Epheuiera; b, pupi of s.une; c, D. fasciventris Ray; grooved elytron of j.i plvtvi flf>pi-dv nnrl
fein lie; </, front tarsus of male, under side, showing the suction cups; e, . l l 1 . <"

same of female. (After Rilev.) in

broadly sulcate; i n

some they are always smooth, while in a third group the females
are dimorphic, i. e., have either smooth or sulcate elytra. Four
species are known from Indiana, while three others perhaps occur.

TIIK I'KKDACKOUS DIVING BKKTT.KS.

231

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DYTISCUS.

. Labniiu distinctly emarginate at middle.

1>. Hind coxal processes rounded or acute, not spinose.

c. Thorax with sides yellow, base and apex not or only indistinctly so.

<L Abdominal segments reddish-brown with a piceous bind margin;

elytra of female always silicate. 4411. FASCIVENTRIS.

(hi. Abdominal segments uniform black or piceous: elytra of females

smooth.

c. Elytra without a narrow subapieal cross-bar of yellow; smaller.

25-27 mm. 450. HYURIDUS.

<(-. Elytra with a narrow oblique subapieal cross-bar; larger, 32-

35 mm. 451. VERTICALIS.

(<. Thorax with base and apex, as well as sides, distinctly arid rather

broadly yellow; females dimorphic.

/. Hind coxal processes acute; length .",:'. mm. MARGINALIS.

ff. Hind coxal processes obtuse; length 30 mm. SUBLIMBATUS.

1>1>. Hind coxal processes produced, distinctly s]>inose; thorax with base,
apex and sides broadly yellow ; length Ml-. 1 !.! mm. DAURKTS.

IKI. Labrum nearly truncate at middle; thorax with all the margins dis-
tinctly and broadly yellow; females dimorphic. J5i'. IIARRTSII.

44!> (14S1). DYTISCTS KAXCIVENTIMS Say. Long's Exped.. II.
2T(: ibid. I. 177.

Elongate-oval. (Jreenish-black above; thorax margined
with yellow only on the sides, or with a faint trace of yel-
low at base and apex. Elytra of female each with ten
Amoves which reach beyond the middle; their apical third
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 25 i'S mm. (Fig.
11G.)

Dekalb and Marion comities; frequent.
July 18.

April 10-

Fig. 116.
Natural size.

450 (1782). DYTISCUS HYBRIDUS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1S3S, 11G.

Regularly ovate. Thorax shorter than in f<ix<-i rent fix, the apex usually
narrowly yellow and sometimes with a faint jellow line at base. Pale mar-
gin of elytra of nearly equal width thr.iughout. Length 2<>-2.x mm.

Lake, Laporte, Starke, Vigo and Posey counties; fre<|uent.
A]>ril 15-September 10.

4.11 (14s:>>). DYTISCUS VERTICALIS Say. Trans. Amer. 1'hil. Soc.. II. 1S{.
1)2; ibid. II. r.oti.

Oval, rather broad. Thorax margined with yellow only on sides. Ely-
tra with three rows of well marked dorsal punctures; the marginal yellow
line narrowing on apical half, the subapieal line often somewhat indistinct.
Length 33-35 mm.

Beach of Lake Michigan near Millers. Lake County; scarce.
May 28.

232

FAMILY I V.--I>YTIS('[T>/E.

D. 'HKiff/iinilis Linn., I), sublvmbatus Lee. and D. dauricus Gebl.,
are all bnivnl species which may occur in northern
Indiana.

4. r >2 (141H). DYTISCUS HABBISII Kirby, Fauii. Bor. Anier.
1837, 76.

Broadly oval. Thorax at base, apex arid sides broadly
bordered with yellow. Elytra with marginal stripe nar-
rowed (inly near apex, and with a narrow subapieal cross-
bar as in miicnUs. Abdominal segments reddish-yellow
margined with piceons. Length 38-40 mm. (Fig. 117.)

Lake and Marion counties; rare. June 26. Our
Fig. ii7. Two-thirds largest and best marked species. The Marion Coun-
ty specimen is in the Dury collection.

XX. HYDATICUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., ''found in the water.")

Moderate sized, convex, regularly ovnl species having the thorax
not margined; prosternal spine with a rather broad oval expansion,
and obtuse or rounded at apex : hind tarsal claws unequal, the inner
one the longer. The dilated front tarsi of males bear numerous
subeqmil disks, the middle tarsi being also broadly dilated and with
four rows of disks. Three species have been taken in the State,
while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDATICUS.

. Kows of punctures on upper face of hind tibi;e distant from one an-

other and parallel with outer border of tibia?.

1>. Above reddish-brown : sides of thorax dull yellow. 453. PICEUS.

lib. Above piceous; thorax reddish with a black basal cross-bar.
c. Elytra each with four or five narrow dull yellow lines.

454. STAGNALIS.

cc. Elytra uniform piceous. the margin only paler.

455. L^VIPENNIS.

<nt. Kows of punctures on upper face of hind tibia? rather close together
and not parallel with hind margins; thorax as in s 1a<jn ulix; elytra
with a submarginal yellow stripe, recurved at the humerus and not
reaching apex. BIMARGINATUS.

453 (1479). HYDATICUS PICEUS Lee., New Sp. X. Amer. Col.. I, 1863, 23.
Oval, moderately convex. Dark reddish-brown; subopaque, front of

head, margins of thorax and elytra paler; front and middle legs pale brown ;
hind legs and abdomen darker. Dorsal rows of punctures evident but indis-
tinct. Female with several irregular elongate punctures each side of mid-
dle of front of thorax. Length 12-13 mm.

Lake and Wells counties ; scarce. April 29- June 25.

454 (1477). HYDATICTS STAGNALIS Fab., Mant. I, 191.

Ovate, subconvex. Above piceous: thorax and front of head reddish-
yellow. the former with a curved black basal cross-bar which does not reach

TI1K

D1V1NC I! !: KTU'S.

the margins; elytra with the margin broadly yellow and. usually with a
sub-basal yellowish band from which extend backward four or five narrow
dull yellow lines; under surface dark piceous, the prosternum paler. Length
12.5-14 mm.

Lake and Steuben counties; rare. May 27-August 16.

455 (1478). HYDATICUS LVIPENNIS Thorns., Op. Eut., Ill, 324.

Elongate-oval, subconvex. Piceous above and beneath; front of head,
thorax except a basal cross-bar, front and middle legs and antenune reddish-
yellow ; side margins of elytra dull brownish-yellow; middle tibia? piceous.
Dorsal rows of punctures distinct. Female with tips of elytra slightly pro-
duced and subsinuate. Length 12.5 mm.

One male in Field Museum collection from "Itid.," probably
St. Joseph County. The dark basal cross-bar of thorax is widest at
middle and tapers to a line each side.

H. biniargmatus Say, 12 mm. in lenglli, occurs From Ohio to
Georgia and Florida.

XXI. ACILIUS Leach. 1817. (L., a Roman name.)

Medium-sized subdepressed species, slightly obovate in
form, and having the upper surface distinctly and regu-
larly punctate; thorax not margined; hind coxas very
large. Females with elytra, either sulcate or smooth.
Males with front tarsi broadly dilated, with one large and
two small disks beneath, the middle tarsi simple, the Fjg 118
hind claws equal. (Fig. 118.) Two species have been < After Com8tock ->
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACILH S.

a. Vertex with a distinct M-shaped black mark ; sulci of female elytra un-
equal in length, the outer ones longer and reaching nearly to base.
&. Hind femora reddish-brown; length 12.5-14 mm.

456. SEMISULCATVS.

W). Hind femora black ; length 12 mm. MEDIATUS.

<KI. Vertex without an M-shaped mark ; sulci of female subeqnal in length
and reaching only to middle of elytra; length 13-15 mm.

457. FRATERNUS.

l.">i; (1402). ACILIUS SEMISULCATUS Aube, Spec. Gen.,

VI. 1838, 132.

Broadly oval or obovate. Dull brownish-yellow above ;
head with base and an M-shaped mark on vertex
black; thorax with two transverse black lines on
disk, the front one the wider; elytra closely marked
with black dots and with snbapical yellowish cross-
bar. Length 12.5-14 mm. (Fig. 110.)

Fie. 119 x 2.
(Aftw Wickhaiu.)

Lake, Marshall, Marion and Vigo counties;
I'requent. June 12- August 15,

234 FAMILY IV. DYTISCIIXK.

A. medial ux Say has the same range as the other two species,
and should therefore occur in the State.

457 (14!):!). Aciurs FKATEKISTS llarr.. New Eng. Far., 1X2'.), S.

Close to 8('iixnlctttiiN. lint a little larger, darker and more densely
punctured. Black lines of thorax broader; femora nearly black. Length
18-14.5 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Vigo '-ounties; frequent. March 14-Au-
gust 12. In coil it on the earlier date, motionless, heads downward
and ventral sides together. When disturbed they dived quickly
and hid in the leaves and trash at the bottom of the water.

XXII. TIIERMONECTES Esch. 1833. (Gr., "a warm spring 4

swimmer. ' ' )

Medium-sized, rather convex species resembling Acilius in ap-
pearance, but having the upper surface polished, smooth, or with
but one to three dorsal rows of punctures ; thorax without side mar-
gins; prosternal process bread and short; hind tarsal claws unequal.
The front tarsi of the males bear two or three larger basal and
numerous small unequal disks on the lower side. The basal halves
of elytra of females are marked with numerous short, deep elongate
punctures. Two species occur in the State.

45X (1405). TIIERMONECTES ORNATICOI.LIS Aube. Spec. ({en.. VI. is.'JS, 14O.
Ovate, subconvex. Above dull yellow; head with vertex and an M-
shaped mark black; thorax with two transverse black lines, the front one
the narrower; elytra marked with many small black more or less continent
dots, and an indistinct black bar behind the middle; under surface reddish-
brown. Elytra each with two discal rows of rather distinct distant punc-
tures. Length 11.5-18 mm.

Vigo County; rare. May 28.

450 (1490). TiiKUMOM-x"! KS ijAsiLARis llarr., N. Eng. Far.. ISI'X, 8.

Ovate, snbconvex. Ab:.ve black; head in front and a transverse line
on the vertex dull yellow; thnrax with the sides and a narrow discal liar
of tlic same color; elytra with the margins, a sub-basal cross-liar and some
vague markings on the sides yellowish; under surface reddish-brown or
piceous, the front and middle legs paler. Elytra punctate as in tirmitiroUix.
Length 0-10 mm.

Lake. Marshall and Putnam counties; scarce. May 20-Au-
gust 15.

XXIII. GRAPHODERER Ksch. 1833. (Gr., "write -> skin.")

This genus is close to Tlu-nnoHccfrx. The males have the front
tarsi as their, but have also the middle tarsi dilated and bearing two

TI1K I'UKI) U'I'X)US 1MVJNC BKKTI.KS. '_>:!.">

rows of disks on under side. The elytra of female are either smooth
or rough, with minute tubercles. Two species are known from In-
diana.

4(iO (14!>8). (JKAPIIODEKES UBEKUs Say, Jouni. 1'liil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,
1S25. 1UO; ibid. II. 271.

Slightly obovate, subdepressed. Head and thorax dull reddish-yellow.
the latter sometimes piceous at base; elytra blackish-brown, with numerous
fine yellow vermiculate marks, these sometimes forming ;i yellowish mar-
gin; under surface reddish-brown, the legs paler. Elytra each with two
rows of indistinct dorsal punctures. Length 11.5-12 mm.

Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent in woodland ponds.
August 7-August 12.

461 (1409). GRAPIIODERES FASCICOLLIS Harr., N. Eng. Far.. VII, 1S2S. ir.<5.

Broadly ovate, subconvex. Head with occiput and an M-like mark
black; thorax dull yellow with a rather broad black bar on front and hind
margins; elytra blackish, thickly marked with dull yellow dots, the mar-
gins and a very narrow sutural line yellow; under surface dull brownish-
yellow. Length 13.5-14.5 mm.

Lake and Marion counties; scarce. March 23-May 27. This
species is said by Sharp to be distinguished from the European G.
cinercus Linn, by the male having fewer disks on the front and
middle tarsi. In one male from Pine, Indiana, the middle tarsi are
not at all dilated.

Tribe IV. CV1USTRINI.

This tribe is represented in the fTnited States by a small number
of large species belonging to the single genus Ci/l>islcr. They have
the spiracles very small; hind legs broad and powerful; their tibia 1
short and broad, witli the lower one of the two apical spurs dilated;
hind claws very unequal, the inner being obsolete or wanting in our
species. The front tarsi of the males have joints 1-3 dilated into a
large circular disk bearing four rows of equal-sized cupules. In the
hollows behind the hind coxa? of the males are four or five deep
ridges which, when rubbed by a ridge on the under side of the fe-
mur, form a stridulating organ.

XXIV. CYBISTER Esch. 1883. (Gr., "a tumbler or diver.")

This genus is considered as representing the highest and most
completely developed form, of Dytiscid-e. One of the five species
]mown from the United States occurs in Indiana.

236 FAMILY V.

462 (1502). CYBISTER FIMBHIOLATUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

9; ibid. II, 506.

Ovate, more or less wedge-shaped. Above brown with a faint greenish
tinge ; thorax and elytra with a broad yellow margin ; front of head, four
front legs and spots at sides of abdominal segments 3 to 6, also yellow.
Thorax and elytra of female, except along the suture, with numerous fine
short impressed lines. Length 30-33 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. May 27-September 20. In
autumn sometimes found beneath rubbish on the beaches of lakes.

Family V. GYRINIDJE.

THE WHIRLIGIG BEETLES.

In the little bays of lakes and ponds and along the quiet places
of flowing streams one often sees, close into shore, large colonies
of beetles playing and gyrating upon the surface of the still water.
These beetles are oval or elliptical in form, somewhat flattened, more
or less attenuate at either end and usually of a brilliant bluish-black
color. The name of the family is founded upon the principal
genus Gyrinus, which in turn is derived from a Greek word mean-
ing "a circle," and given to these insects on account of their habit
of moving in little circles upon the surface of the water. They do
not swim, as commonly stated, but glide or skate upon the surface-
film of the water in the same, manner as do the wherrymen or water-
spiders among the Hemiptera. Except when pursued they rarely
dive beneath the surface, and they then carry with them a small
supply of air and stay but a short time. Being so agile they are
difficult to capture even with a net, When handled they exude a
milky fluid which usually has a disagreeable odor, but in certain
species resembles that of ripe apples, hence they are sometimes
called ' ' apple bugs. ' '

Some of the species occasionally crawl out of the water onto logs,
stones or other objects, where they bask in the sunlight. If ap-
proached when so engaged, they let go all hold and tumble, instead
of crawling back into the water, much in the same way as does a
basking turtle. When undisturbed, the colonies or groups are
usually massed close together, and arc sometimes almost quiescent.
The least alarm will, however, cause a large, closely bunched assem-
bly to scatter widely in all directions.

From the margins of these groups individuals are continually
darting out for a short distance, then bade again. These little jour-
neys are probably made in search of prey, as the beetles snap vigor-

THR WTTIRLTCin REETLER. 237

ously at any small insect they meet upon the surface of the water.
Sometimes the outsider becomes alarmed and skates back at full
speed into the assembly, putting its members into wild stampede.

Although easily recognized by their form and habits, the Gyri-
nidcB are distinguished from allied families by having the eyes
completely divided by the sides of the head into
upper and lower parts, both rounded, so that
they appear to have four eyes, two for looking
up into the air and two for gazing down into the
water. (Fig. 120.) The antennae are very
short, thick, inserted behind the mandibles, the
third joint enlarged so as to resemble an ex-
ternal ear, the following joints rather broad and bee^e^neSwfto
united so as to form a spindle-shaped append- vided ' eye ' (Aft ' er Folsora ' )
age (Fig. 4, No. 16) ; front legs very long, rather slender, and when
at rest placed in oblique grooves between the pro- and mesosterna ;
middle and hind legs short, broad, very much flattened; tibiae with-
out spurs; tarsi 5-jointed, the joints in part flattened and trian-
gular.

The eggs of the Gyrinidas are laid in parallel rows upon the
leaves of aquatic plants. The grubs are long, narrow and much
flattened, and breathe by means of tracheal gills attached to the
abdominal segments. (Fig. 121.) They are chiefly carnivorous,
and when full grown leave the water and spin a gray, paper-like co-
coon on some nearby object, in which they undergo the pupal stage.

Only about 40 species of Gyrinida? are known from the United
States. These are divided among three genera, two of which are
known to occur in the State, while the single species of the third
is recorded from Quincy, Illinois, and may yet be found in the
western part of Indiana.

The only papers treating of the North American species of the
family are as follows:

LeConte. "The Gyrinida? of America North of Mexico," in
Proc, Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 365.

Roberts, C. H. "The Species of Dineutes of America North of
Mexico," in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, 1895, 279.

KEY TO GENERA OF OYRINID/E.

". Last ventral segment depressed, rounded at tip.

It. Scutellum distinct; length less than 8 mm. I. GYRINUS.

/>/>. Scutellum invisible; labrum transverse; length or more mm.

II. DINEUTES.

23S

FAMILY V. GYKIXID^E.

ad. Last ventral elongate, conical; labrnm prominent; scutelluui invisible;

length mm.

GYKETES.

I.

t

GYRINUS Linn. 1733. (Gr., "a circle or ring.")

Our members of this genus are smaller, more
narrow and more convex than those of the next.
They have eleven rows of distinct punctures on
each elytron which, when held in a certain light,
usually reflect a golden tint; the legs are always
reddish-brown or yellowish in hue. (Fig. 121.)
On account of the close resemblance between the
species, their definition and recognition is quite
difficult. The following have been taken or per-

Fig. 121. 1, beetle; 2, larva.

(After Packard.) haps occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GYRINUS.

it. Scutellum finely but distinctly cariuate. 403. MINUTUS.

mi. Scutellum flat.

1>. Under side margin of thorax and epipleura brownish-yellow.
c. Under surface uniform brown or brownish-yellow.
'/. Larger, 6-7 nrni.

r. Polished black, not bronzed or iridescent. 404. FRATKKNTS.
re. IJlack. very highly iridescent, margins and sides bronzed.

/. Tips of elytra rounded; form broader. 40. r . VENTRAI.IS.

//. Tips of elytra truncate; form more narrow. A^TIRIS.

'/'/. Smaller. 4.r>-">.n mm.

(]. Form more elongate; tips o!' elytra rounded, covering only half

of last ventral segment.
//. Margins, sides and suture of elytra distinctly bronzed.

400. ^ENEOLUS.

//7i. Elytra not at all bronzed. 407. DICHROUS.

////. Form short, broad; tips of elytra nearly truncate, almost or
wholly covering the last ventral segment. 40X. LIMBATUS.
re. Under surface black or piceous. bronzed ; last ventral segment red-
dish-brown.

i. Upper surface finely alutaceous ; length 7-S mm. 40!). AFFINIS.
ii. Upper surface not alutaceous; length 5.5 mm. 470. ncEoi.i s.
I>1>. Under side margin of thorax and epipleura metallic black.
j. Front margin of mesosteruum regular in form.
/.-. Elytra highly polished, distinctly bronzed.

/. Smaller and more narrow. f mm.; outer rows of elytra 1

punctures but little stronger than inner. 471. AXALIS.

//. Longer and broader, 7 mm.; outer rows of elytral punctures

distinctly impressed. 471'. ROREALIS.

/,7,-. Elytra black, scarcely polished and not at all bronzed.

473. LUGEXS.

././. Front margin of mesostermim trilobed, with an obli(|iie im]tression
each side; under surface black; length .". mm. PECTORALIS.

Till: WHIRLIGIG liKETLKS. 239

4<;:: nr.ir, I. GYKINI-S MINI-ITS Fab., Syst. Eleut., I. isdl. 27<>.

Elongate-oval. Above blue-black; sides and margins of elytra bronzed;
beneath brownish-yellow, abdomen black, last ventral segment pieeons. Me-
dian line of thorax and sciitellmn with a tine carina ; mesostermnu with a
deep median furrow. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Woodland pond near Hroad Ripple, Marion County; scarce.
May 15. Readily known by tin- marinate srntelhini and bieolored
under surface.

4<<4 (I.IOX). GYKINUS FRATERNUS Coup., Can. Nat.. 2nd Ser.. II, 00.

Elongate-oval, rather robust. Above blnish-black. ]iolished. not bronzed;
under surface uniform dark reddish-brown. Tips of elytra broadly rounded.
Length G mm.

Pine, Lake County and Hudson Lake. Laporte County; scarce.
May 20-Angust 20. Known by the more robust form and entire ab-
sence of bronzed lustre.

4<',5 (1513). GYRIM s VKNTRALI.S Kirby. Eann. I'.or. Amer.. l\. 1X37. xo.

Oval. Above black, very highly polished, iridescent;
margins, sides and suture of elytra bronzed ; beneath red-
dish-brown, sides and tip of abdomen a little paler. Length
<>.5-7 nun. ( Eig. 122. |

Northern half of State; common. March 14-
September 19. A handsome species, easily known
by its larger si/e and more brilliant iridescent sur-
face.

G. aquiris Lee., (i.5 mm. in length, is recorded
from the Middle States and Lake Superior.

4(ii; (1509). (iviiiNL's .ENEOLUS Lee., I'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 18<ix, :;c.x.
Elongate-oval. Above uniformly black-bronzed, very shining; beneath
dark reddish-brown, the last two ventral segments paler. Elytra 1 punc-
tures in both this and linilxitiix larger and more distinct than in dii-liroux.
Length 5-5.5 mm.

Low meadow pond-* near Bass Lake. Starke County, and Ilunt-
ingburg, Dubois County; scarce. April 8-May 9.

4l!7 (1511 ). (ivRixrs DK IIKOIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. IXiiX, 30S.

Resembles the next but wholly without bronzed lustre. Punctures of
elytral strife smaller, more crowded. Length 4.5 mm.

Lake Maxinkuckee ; scarce. August 17.

4C.X (1510). GYRINTS UMHA-ITS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. So.-.. II. IXL'. 1 !. Kill;

ibid. II. 5lU

Short, broad, but little attenuate liehinil. Above black, shining, dis-
tinctly bronzed, especially so on margins and suture of elytra and front
margin of thorax: beneath reddish-brown, the middle segments of abdo-

I !<; 234021

240 i A M i L Y \ r . c, Y

men darker. Elytra broad, tapering but little behind, tips subtruucate,
outer angle rounded; covering the entire abdomen (male) or leaving only
the tips exposed (female). Length 3.8-4.2 mm.

Taken only along the borders of Wawasee and Hudson lakes,
where it was found in very large colonies. July 15-July 18.

469 (1519). GYKINUS AFFINIS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 6G9.
Elongate-oval. Black, moderately shining; upper surface minutely alu-

taceous, margins bronzed; beneath dusky bronzed, the last ventral seg-
ment reddish-brown. Elytra with tips more concave than usual, their
punctures flue, close-set. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.

Putnam County; scarce. July 4.

470 (- -). GYRINUS PICKOLUS sp. uov.

Oval, moderately convex. Black, polished, the suture and side mar-
gins of elytra bronzed; under surface black, the last ventral paler; epi-
pleura and legs reddish-brown. Elytral punctures well marked, the outer
two rows coarser. Length 5.5 mm.

Lake County; rare. May 5.

471 (1521). GYRINUS ANALIS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., II, 1823, 10S ;

ibid. II, 520.

Elongate-oval. Black, bronzed both above and beneath ; upper surface
not highly polished; beneath black, legs and last ventral segment reddish-
brown. Elytra with tips broadly but obtusely rounded. Length 5-6 mm.

Throughout the State; common. April 11-October 23.

472 (1527). GYRINUS BOREALIS Aube, Spec. Gen., VI, 1838, 692.

Broadly oval. Above black, highly polished, margins and sides of ely-
tra bronzed; beneath black, the last ventral segment dark brown. Punc-
tures of elytral striae fine, rather close. Length 7 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-August 15. Re-
sembles vcntralis but broader and with under surface black.

473 (1528). GYRINUS LUGENS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, 369.
Broadly oval. Resembles borealis, but above black, slightly polished,

not at all bronzed; beneath black, the last ventral segment dark brown.
Elytra with tips more rounded and with outer angles less distinct; punc-
tures finer, more distant one from another. Length 6 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 20-July 15.
G. pcctoralis Lee., is a boreal species which may occur in north-
ern Indiana.

TL DINEUTE* McL. 1810. (Or., "to whirl or swim in an eddy.")

The speeies of this genus are all of fair size, more or less oval
and suhdepressed. Thr-y have the upper surface usually shining,

THE WIIIKLMIK! IJKKTLI'.S. 241

bronzed and finely reticulate; labrum rounded in front and ciliate;
sentellum invisible; elytra with nine slightly impressed striae which
are sometimes very indistinct. Front tarsi of males moderately
dilated and densely clothed beneath with papilla?, forming an elon-
gate, narrow brush. Four species are known from Indiana, while
another may occur.

KEY TO, INDIANA SPECIES OF DINEUTICS.

(/. Sides of thorax and elytra with a bronzed submarginal stripe; length
12-15.5 mni. VITTATUS.

ad. Sides without submarginal stripe; length not over 11 mm.

l>. Under surface uniform brownish-yellow. 474. DISCOLOR.

1)1>. Under surface black or bronzed.

c. Sutural angles of elytra rounded in both sexes; femora of male
toothed. 475. EMARGINATUS.

cc. Sutural angles distinct in female; femora of male not toothed.
(/. Sutural angles of both sexes produced backward; tips of female
elytra feebly separated. 476. ASSIMILIS.

tl<J. Sutural angles of elytra of male rounded ; those of female pro-
duced backward with the tips strongly separated.

477. HORNII.

D. ri I tut us Aube has a range which probably includes southern
Indiana, but it has not yet been taken in the State.

474 (1534). DINEUTES DISCOLOR Aube", Spec. Gen.. VI, 1838, 784.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex, narrowed in front. Above black-
bronzed, shining ; under surface brownish-yellow to straw color. Elytra
with side margins at outer apical angle and tips slightly sinuate, the
sutural angles weakly produced; femora of male with a triangular tooth.
Length 11.5-13 mm.

Steuben, Kosciusko, Putnam and Martin counties ; very common
in East Fork of White River. June 26-September 3. Easily
known by the narrower front half of body and pale under surface.

475 (1538). DINEUTES EMARGINATUS Say, Trans. A-rner. Phil. Soc., II, 1823,

108 ; ibid. II, 519.

Rather broadly oval, moderately convex. Above black or blackish-
bronzed, not very shining ; beneath black, very shining, slightly bronzed ;
middle and hind legs, narrow margin and tip of abdomen, paler. Side
margins of elytra in male, not in female, slightly sinuate near tips; sutural
angles broadly rounded. Length 10-11 mm.

Pond near University farm, east, of Mitchell, Lawrence County :
scarce. August 7. Probably throughout the southern half of
State.

242 SERIES II. CLAVICORNIA.

47<; (1530). DIMKI-TKS AS.--IMIMS Aulie. Spec. (Jen.. VI. is:;s. 77*.

Oblong-oval, distinctly convex. Above black, strongly
brnn/ed: beneath black, very shining; abdominal segments
often tinned with brown; legs brownish-yellow. Elytra of
male feebly sinuate near tips, the latter but slightly sepa-
rated at suture, the angles but little produced backwards:
those of female more strongly sinuate both on side margins
and near tips, the latter mure widely separated at suture,
the angles distinctly produced backwards. Length 10-11.5
mm. ( Fig. 1-3.)

Fig. 12!" x 2;-. Throughout the State: common. May 'J-Septem-
iier 19. This is the species usually known as the
"apple-bug." on account, of the odor exhaled from the milky fluid
exuded from anal segment.
477 ( -). DINEUTES HORNII Roberts, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XXII, is'.ir.,

284.

Closely resembles (ixximilis but usually smaller, more obnvate. Distin-
guished by the elytra of males having the sutural angles rounded, those of
female more widely separated at apex. Length '.(.5-11 mm.

Lakes of northern Indiana ; common. May b'-August 20.

Gyrdi'x siitti<ilus Lee., elongate-oval, dark' bronzed, very shin-
ing, sides of thorax and elytra densely punctured and pubescent,
has been taken at Quincy. Illinois.

Series II. CLAVICORNIA.

This is a large and unwieldly group of families having few char
;;cters in common, except that the antenn;e are enlarged to form a
more or less distinct club toward the tip. It is here that the tarsal
system has its feeblest value, as every possible variation exists from
the 5-jointcd to the 1-jointed. In the tables which follow certain
families (whose numbers are given in parenthesis), and other sub-
divisions* (whose names are given in italics), rightfully for the
most part belong to the Serricornia, but their antenna? are often so
obviously clavate as to lead the student amiss. Those which there
belong are also included in the Serricornia table, where their aber-
rant charact'-r becomes at once .Apparent. In order to shorten and
simplify the key to families of Clavicornia the Series is first divided
into four groups or Subseries, and these in turn into families.

KKV TO sniSKHIKS OF INDIANA FA.MIIIKS (II ( I.A VICOKN I A.

a. Elytra short, leaving the greater part of the abdomen exposed above;
wings usually present, and when not in use folded beneath the short
elytra; dorsal part of the abdomen entirely horn-like in texture; tar-
sal joints varying in number.

Subseries A. UUACIIKI.YTKA ( 'I.AVICOKMA, p. U4o.

*Tbf ininil'iT f the family to \shirh these subdivision* belong is also included in parenthesis.

KEYS TO FAMILIES OK CLAVICORN1A. 243

mi. Elytra usually long, covering tin- greater part of the abdomen; when
short the wings wanting or, if present, not folded under the short
elytra when at rest; dorsal part of the abdominal segments partly
membranous.
h. Tarsal joints on at least one pair of tarsi, five in number.

Subseries B. PENTAMERA CLAVICOKNIA, p. l'4o.
hh. Tarsal joints on all the tarsi less than five in number.

c. Tarsi four-jointed (front ones three-jointed in the males of some
Mycetophagida?) .

Subseries C. TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA. p. '24(>.
cc. All the tarsi three-jointed.

Subseries D. TRIMERA CLAVICORNIA, p. 247.

Subseries A. BRACHELYTRA CLA V1CORNIA.

This group or subseries comprises but two families, whose mem-
bers subsist for the most part upon decaying animal or vegetable
matter, or occur beneath stones, in rotten wood or in the nests of
ants.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF I5RACHELYTBA CLAVICORNIA.

<i. Abdomen not flexible; ventral segments f> or C; form short, robust; max-
illary palpi usually greatly developed and variable in form: tarsi
with not more than three joints: length less than :!.."> mm.

Family X. PSELAPHIDJE, p. o()5.

an. Abdomen flexible or capable of being curled upward; seven or eight
segments visible from below; form usually narrowed and elongated.

Family XI. STAPHYLINIDJE, p. ."..">4.

Subseries H. I'KM'AMEKA CLAVICORXIA.

This group is composed, for the most part, of land and water
scavenger beetles whose office it is to hasten the decomposition and
removal of dead organic matter. They occur upon dead animals,
under the bark of dead trees and on decaying fungi, fruit, etc. Of
them Le Baron has written: "The only other insects which can
be compared with these in usefulness as scavengers, is the extensive
family of Museida'. in the two-winged flies. It is interesting to ob-
serve the order in which these various tribes of scavenger insects
perform their respective parts. First come the Muscidii', which, in
the form of carrion Mies, deposit their eggs or My-blows upon dead
animal matter at the first moment of decay, and, in very hot weather
almost immediately after life has ceased. Soon after these come
the carrion beetles, the Silph.T and Necrophori. whose larva?, like
the maggots of the Mesh Mies, are seen reveling in the putrescent
matter at the most offensive stage of decomposition. When the
.softer parts have been devoured and only the osseous and liga-

L'44 SERIES II. CLAVICORNIA.

mentary portions remain, other families of scavengers succeed;
namely, the skin-beetles, Dermestida\ and the bone-beetles, Necrobii
and Nitidulae, which adhere to the dried carcass as long as any
vestige of animal matter remains."

The following families of this snbseries are represented in In-
diana :

KEY TO FAMILIES OF PENTAMEKA CLAVICORNIA.

a. Ventral segments all free and movable.
It. Mentuui large, the palpi distant at base.

c. Eyes present; habits aquatic or subaquatie ; meiitiim quadrate, its
hind angles not prolonged ; antenna; short, or less than eleveu-
juinted; maxillary palpi as long as or longer than the antenna;.

Family VI. HYDROPHILID.E. p. 247.

cc. Eyes wanting; habits terrestrial; nientum transverse, its hind an-
gles prolonged; antenna? rather long, eleven-jointed, its outer
joints but slightly thicker. Family VII. LEPTINID.E, p. 271.

bl>. Mentuni moderate or small, the palpi close together at base.
(J. Front coxae conical.

e. Front coxae transversely prolonged at middle, but slightly promi-
nent; thorax (in our species) serrate at margin; abdomen with
five visible segments, the first not elongated ; antennae with the
last three joints somewhat but not suddenly enlarged; length
less iliau 3.5 mm. Family XXX. DERODONTIMS, p. 070.

ce. Front coxae large, prominent, not transversely prolonged at mid-
dle.

/. Hind coxae more or less conical and prominent.
g. Eyes finely granulated, sometimes absent ; hind coxae usually
contiguous; antennae usually with a compact club, but
oftentimes nearly filiform (burying and carrion beetles).

Family VIII. SILPHID.E, p. 272.

{/;/. Eyes coarsely granulated ; hind coxae separated ; length less
than 3 mm. Family IX. SCYDM.ENIDJE, p. 291.

//. Hind coxa? not prominent.

//. Antennae long, slender, sometimes hair-like; elytra shorter
than abdomen, the latter thick, conical, and pointed, its
last ventral elongate; tarsi long and slender; length less
than 5 mm. Family XIII. SCAPHIDIID.E, p. 400.

////. Antennae moderate in length, capitate: hind coxae grooved
for the reception of the thighs in repose; body usually
scaly or pubescent; elytra entire; length less than 10 mm.

Family XXIV. DERMESTID/E. p. 587.
'//. Front CHX.-P not conical, not prominent.
/. Front coxae rounded or oval.
j. Hind c<ixa> not grooved to receive the thighs.
/,-. Hind coxae contiguous : body very compact and convex, ely-
tra entirely covering it ; antenna? with a three-jointed club;
length less than .. mm.

Family XIV. PIIAI,ACUID.K, p. 107.

KKV TO FAMILIES OF < :i ,.\ VICOlvN' I A. LM f >

JfJi. Hind coxae separated.

7. First ventral segment elongated ; form elongate, slender ;
antenna 1 club two- jointed.

Subfamily (XLIV). Lijcthni'. p. s'.H.
//. All the ventral segments snbequal.

m. Middle coxal cavities not closed on the outer side by the
meeting of the ineso- and metasterna ; form very de-
pressed ; antennae sometimes clubbed but more often
with the outer joints scarcely thickened.

Family XXI. CUCU.TIDJE, p. 5<;o.
tnni. Middle coxal cavities closed by the sterna; prosternum

prolonged, meeting the mesostermun.

n. Front coxal cavities open behind ; antennae with their
terminal joints distinctly enlarged; surface pubes-
cent and densely punctate ; form oval or elongate-
oval ; length less than 4 mm.

Family XXII. CRYPTOPHAGID^, p. 569.
mi. Front coxal cavities closed behind; all the tarsi dis-
tinctly five-jointed.

Group (XVIII). Ditcncs. p. 544.

jj. Hind coxal plates grooved to receive the thighs; prosternum
prolonged behind and fitting into a notch of rnesosternum ;
antenna 1 with a three-jointed club ; length less than 5 mm.

Genus (XXXVIII). TJiroscits. p. 775.
ii. Front cox;e transverse.

o. Hind coxae flat, not grooved.
p. Antennae straight.

q. Tarsi more or less dilated, first joint not short, the fourth
smaller than any of the others; antennae with a three-
jointed club ; elytra usually shorter than the abdomen,
the latter with five segments visible beneath; color rare-
ly wholly black. FamilyXXVI. XITIDULID.E. p. (i^s.
<l<i. Tarsi slender, the first joint short.

r. All the tarsi with five joints, the first -or basal joint very
short; form elongate, usually depressed; length 5 or
more mm.

Family XXVIII. TROGOSITID.E, p. GG1.

n: All the tarsi with joints 1 to 4 short ; hind tarsi with

but four joints ; form convex ; length less than 3 mm.

Family (XLVIII). SPHINDIIXE, p. 901.

l>l>. Antennae elbowed and with a short compact club; tibiae

usually all dilated; elytra usually truncate and shorter

than abdomen; form short, compact; black, rarely bi-

colored. Family XXV. HISTEEID.E, p. 598.

oo. Hind coxae grooved to receive the thighs in repose; body

rounded or oval, convex; legs retractile.

Family XXXI. BYRRIIID.E, p. 071.

mi. Ventral segments 1 to ?> firmly united ('not movable), the others free
and movable; all the tarsi five-joinlcd.

246 SERIES II. CLAV1CORNIA.

v. Last joint of tarsi, long, claws large; head retractile, the month pro-
tected by the prostermun : aquatic or subaquatic species.

Family XXXIII. PARNIU.-E, p. r>7.~>.

ss. Last joint of tarsi moderate, claws normal; thorax (in our species)
with deep grooves; month parts covered by a large mentum.

Family XX. KIIYSSOUIII.K. p. "MX.

Subseries C. TUTU A MKUA CLAVK'ORNIA.

In this group (with the exception mentioned in key to subseries),
the tarsi are four-jointed. The species live, for the most part, in
fungi, especially those growing on dead trees and logs; some are
subaquatic, living in mud or sand along the margin of water.

KEY TO FAMILIES OF TETRAMERA CLAVICORNIA.

(i. Ventral segments all free and movable.

1>. Wings fringed with hairs; very small, less than 2 mm.

c. Hind coxie contiguous, with plates covering the thighs; antenna'
nine-jointed, club two-jointed.

Tribe (VIII ). Cliniilihii, p. L.MH.

cc. Hind coxa* separate, without plates; tarsi apparently three-jointed,
the basal joint concealed by (he u itched second joint; mandibles
with comb-like teeth. Family XV. (.'ORYLOIMIID.K. p. filll.

1>1>. Wings not fringed with hairs.

<7. Front coxa* transverse; body contractile; length less than 1' mm.

Tribe (XXVI). 1'iilKj<-<'i>1i<iliiii. p. (147.
<1<1. Front coxa? not transverse.
c. Front coxa? globose.

/'. Tarsi slender; length less than 4 mm.

Subfamily (XVII). Miircttrhur. p. .">.">4.

/'/'. Tarsi more or less dilated and spongy beneath, the fourth joint
united with the fifth, so that only four are visible; antenna'
strongly clubbed. Family XVIII. KROTYMIU:. p. .">:;!>.

cc. Front cox;e oval.

(I. Front coxa? well separated by t-he horn-like prosternuin.

}i. Form oval, depressed; head free; surface finely and densely
punctured and hairy; length less than G mm.

Family XXIII. MYCETOPHAOTD.K, p. ."Vsi!.

////. Form cylindrical; thorax prolonged over the head; length

less than 8.5 mm. Family (XLVII). CioirvE. p. X'.tri.

</!(. Front coxa? almost contiguous; prosternuin semimembranous ;

form small, rounded, convex: habits subaquatic; length less

than 1 mm. Family XXXII. CiEiiRYSSiDJE, p. <>7.~>.

mi. Ventral segments 1-4 firmly united, the fifth only being movable.

L Antenna? of regular form; tibia- not dilated, not tit ted for digging;
front and middle coxa- small, globose; length less than (i mm.

Family XIX. COLYDIID.-E, p. fi4J).

U. Antenna 1 short, the outer seven joints broad and short; tibia? dilated,
armed with rows of spines and lilted for digging; lahrum and
mandibles projecting forward; length less than 7 mm.

Family XXXIX'. HKTKROCEIMD.K, p. 'si'.

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 247

Subseries D. TRIUERA CLAVICORNIA.

The members of this group have the tarsi all 3-jointed and the
ventral segments free. They live either in fungi or feed upon plant
lice. The following families of the suhseries are represented in the
State :

KEY TO INDIANA FAMILIES OF TRIMEKA CLAVICORNIA.

'/. Wings fringed with long hairs; abdomen not prolonged and with (' or 7

ventral segments; antenna? with the basal and apical joints thicker

than the middle ones, the latter with whorls of long hairs; length

less than 1' mm. Family XII. TRICHOPTERYGIIKE. p. 4sr>.

r/(/. Wings not fringed.

b. Tarsi with second .joint dilated; third joint consisting really of two
joints, the small true third joint being inserted at the base of the
last joint.

c. Tarsal claws dilated or toothed at base; h'rst ventral segment with
coxal lines: form usually rounded and convex; bead nearly con-
cealed by the thorax; last joint of maxillary palpi usually
hatchet-shaped; length less than S.."i mm.

Family XVI. CocriXKLLiu.-E. p. TOG.

re. Tarsal claws simple; first ventral without coxal lines; form oblong
or oval, rarely globose; last joint of maxillary palpi oval or tri-
angular; length less than <!..""> mm.

Family XVII. EMDOM vciun.E. p. .">:!:>.
l>l>. Tarsi with second joint not dilated and without a pseudo fourth

joint.

<L Elytra entire; ventral segments nearly equal: front coxal cavities
rounded, not prolonged mi the outer side; length less than ."> mm.

Family XXVII. LATHUIIMID.E. p. (!.">!.

(hi. Elytra truncate behind, leaving the pygidium exposed; ventral seg-
ments 1 and 5 longer than the others; front cox;e small, rounded;
length less than .". mm. Family XXIX. MONOTOMIH.E. p. 0(>G.

Family VI. HYDROPHTLID^E.
THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES.

This family comprises, for the most part, oval or elliptical black-
ish beetles, differing from the Dytiscida? in being more convex, in
having the antenn-v Aiming in a distinct club instead of being fili-
form, and in possessing palpi which are usually longer than the an-
tenna? and are projected forward while swimming, while the an-
tennae are usually concealed beneath the head. By the inexperi-
enced student the palpi are, therefore, often mistaken for the an-
tenna-.

The name of the family is derived from the genus Hydrophilus,
a word of Greek origin meaning ' ' a lover of water. ' ' As the name

248 FAMILY VI. HYDBOI'HIUDyE.

implies, they are usually found in ponds and streams, but are less
active swimmers than the majority of the diving beetles. In swim-
ming they move the hind legs alternately, while the Dytiscida? strike
with them both together, like a frog. Several genera are, however,
terrestrial in habit, living in moist earth and in the dung of cattle,
where they are said to feed upon the larvas of dipterous insects.

The principal characters of the Hydrophilida?, briefly stated,
are as follows : eyes large ; mentum large, quadrate ; antenna? with
from six to nine joints, the outer ones forming an abrupt club, of
which all the joints except the first are pubescent; inserted under
the sides of the front behind the base of the mandibles. Thorax
with episterna and epimera not distinct, the prosternum very short.
Seutellum always present. Metasternum large, frequently carinate
and produced into a long spine behind. Hind coxa? oblique, flat,
extending to sides of abdomen, the latter with five visible segments.
Tarsi 5- jointed, the first joint often very small, the middle and hind
ones sometimes compressed and fringed for swimming.

As their common name denotes, the water scavenger beetles are
supposed to live upon decomposing aquatic vegetation, but the
larva 1 are carnivorous and often catch and eat living insects and
water snails. These larva 1 resemble somewhat those of the diving
beetles, but the body is more plump and the mandibles shorter and
usually toothed. The eggs of the larger species are encased by the
female in a waterproof receptacle, formed of a silk-like secretion.
These egg-cases, which sometimes contain 100 or more eggs, are
either fastened on the under side of leaves of water plants, or are
allowed to float free. In a few instances the cases are carried about
by the mother on the under side of her body until the young hatch.
The pupal stage is undergone on land, in an underground cell or in
a cavity scooped out beneath some object close to the water's edge

The principal literature treating of the North American species
of the family is as follows :

LeConte. "Synopsis of the Hydrophilidie of the United
States," in Proc. Phil. Ar-ad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1855, 356-375.

Horn 'Revision of the Genera and Species of the Tribe Hy-
drobiini," in Proc, Amor. Phil. Soc., XIII. 1873, 118-137.

llnrn. "Synoptic Tables of some (Jcnern. of Coleoptera," in
Trans. Amor. Entoin. Soc.. V. TSTii. 251.

Horn. Xoles on the Species of Ochthebius of Boreal Amer-
ica," in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, 1890. 17-26.

TUH \VATKi; S<'AVK\(!TCR BEI'7I'LI<:S. L'-l'.l

Horn. " Notes on some Hydrobiini of Boreal America," loc.
cit., 237-278.

Horn. -"A Revision of the SphoBridiini Inhabiting Boreal Amer-
ica," loc. cit., 279-314.

Wickham. "The Hydrophilidte of Ontario and Quebec," in
Can. Ent., XXVII, 1895 ; 181, 213.

About 170 species of Bydrophilidae are known from the United
States. These are distributed among four tribes, all of which are
represented in Indiana.

KEY TO TRIBES OF HYDROPHILID.^.

it. Thorax narrower than elytra, usually narrowed behind ; form elongate ;
sculpture usually rough ; length less than 6 mm.

Tribe I. HELOPHORINI. p. 249.

aa. Thorax at base as wide as elytra, narrowed in front; form usually con-
vex, oval or elliptical ; sculpture usually weak.
?>. Middle and hind tarsi with first joint short.

c. Metasternum prolonged into a distinct spine; tarsi compressed.

Tribe II. HYDROPHILINI, p. 254.
cc. Metasteruum not prolonged ; tarsi not compressed.

Tribe III. HYDROBIINI, p. 257.

l>b. Middle and hind tarsi with the first joint elongated; length less than
3.5 mm. (except in 8i>li<cri<liiti)i.).

Tribe IV. SPH^ERIDIINI, p. 265.

Tribe I. HELOPHORINI.

Small oblong or elongate aquatic species, gray or brown, more or
less tinged with bronze in color. They occur in pools, where they
cling to aquatic plants and may be readily taken by stirring up the
mud and plants at the bottom, when the beetles will rise to the sur-
face. They swim but poorly and are unable to dive rapidly. Of
the five genera into which the tribe has been separated, representa-
tives of four occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HELOPHORINI.

'/. Elytra with ten stria? or rows of punctures; maxillary palpi moderate.
I). Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the next to last.

c. Antennae nine-jointed. I. HELOPHORUS.

cc. Antennae seven-jointed. II. HYDROCHUS.

,bb. Last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the next to last.

III. OCHTHEBH'S.

an. Elytra with more than ten rows of punctures; maxillary palpi very long.

IV. HYDR.ENA.

250 FAMILY VI. IIYDROPIIILID.'E.

I. HELOPHORUS Fab. 1776. (Gr.. "tubercle -i bearing. ")

Thorax rough, with granulate depressions, and marked with five
longitudinal sulci, of which the intermediate, or those on either side
of the middle one, are often very sinuous. Five species have been
taken in Indiana, while one other may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HELOPHORUS.

a. Elytra without tubercles <ir alternate elevated lines.

1>. Larger. 5-7 nun.; head and thorax shining, sparsely punctate; inter-
mediate sulcus but slightly undulate. OBLONGUS

l>h. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.

c. Thorax with hind angles obtuse, not narrowed at base; color pic-

eous-brown.

'/. Thorax with sides feebly rounded in front, nearly straight be-

hind; intermediate sulci strongly sinuate. 47S. LACUSTRIS.

(//. Thorax with sides regularly rounded; intermediate sulci nearly

straight. 47!).. NITIDCLUS.

<<: Thorax with hind angles rectangular.

c. Thorax slightly narrowed at base, its sides subsinuate; color
light brownish-yellow with indistinct fuscous markings.

4so. I.IXEATUS.
<'<. Thorax not narrowed at base, sides nearly straight.

481. LINEARIS.

<KI. Elytra with tubercles on the third, iit'th and seventh intervals.

482. TU15ERCULATUS.

//. olloiii/an Lec. was, like lacustris and iiititlidus, described
from Lake Superior, and like them may occur in northern Indiana.

47s ( 1543). IlELopnoRVs LACCSTRIS Lec.. Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 217.

Oblong, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, slightly bronzed; head and thorax
tinged with greenish; legs reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, covered with rounded flattened granules; sulci narrow, deep, the in-
termediate ones strongly sinuate. Punctured strhe of elytra deep. Length
4-4.5 nun.

Lake and Laporte counties; scarce. May 12- August 26.

47!) (1545). HELOPHORUS KITIDULUS Lec., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,

1855, 357.

Elongate, subdepressed. Piceous-brown, shining, distinctly bronzed; legs
pale, the femora darker. Thorax one-half wider than long, the sulci broader
and more shallow than in /</c//.\/r/\. the intermediate ones but slightly sinu-
ous. Intervals of elytra more narrow, the stri;e deep. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Lake County, near Oshorn and Pine; rare. April 21-May 2o.

TflK \VATKI! SCAVKXdKH UKKTLUS. 251

480 (1550). HELOPHORUS LIMEATI s Say, Jonrn. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., III.

200; ibid. II. 128.

Elongate-oblong. Above light brown with a greenish
tinge; elytra often with fuscous markings, of which an
inverted V on suture behind middle and two spots each
side are most obvious; antenna' and legs pale. Inter-
mediate sulci of thorax, deep, narrow, very strongly
curved or subangnlate near middle. Elytra 1 stria- with
deep, dilated transverse punctures. Length 2.8-3.5 mm.
(Fig. 124.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 11-Oc- ' Fig m < 1Q

tober 17. (Original.)

481 (1540). HELOPHORUS LINEARIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,

357.

Elongate, slender. Dull brownish-yellow ; head and thorax tinged with
greenish; elytra clouded with fuscous. Thorax one-half wider than long,
granulate; intermediate sulci feebly sinuate. Length 3 mm.

Millers, Lake County; rare. May 2;\ Recorded from Buffalo;
New York, Nebraska and Canada.

482 (1553). HELOPHORUS TUBERCUIATUS Gyll., Ins. Suec., 1X27.

Elongate, convex. Dull black, tinged with greenish. Third elytra 1 in-
terval with i'our elevations, the basal one oblong: iifth and seventh each
with three. Length 3.5 mm.

Beneath rubbish close to water on beach of Lake .Michigan, near
Pine and Millers, Lake County; scarce. April 23-June 24.

II. HYDROCHUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., "relating to water.")

Thorax much narrower than elytra, its breadth being equal to or
only slightly exceeding the length; disk usually marked with small
cups or fovea 1 . The following species have been taken or may oc-
cur in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROCHL.S.

<i. Larger. 5.5 mm.; elytra with intervals flat and much wider than stria-.
the fourth with large oblique tubercles. SCABRATUS.

mi. Smaller, not over 4.5 mm.; intervals convex.

l>. Thorax with rive more or less distinct fove;e or cup-shaped impres-
sions.
r. Strife of elytra as wide as or wider than intervals; thorax with

granules between the punctures.

(I. Sides of thorax distinctly sinuate near base, not crenulate;
length 3.8-4 mm. 483. SQi'AMtFER.

<1<1. Sides of thorax finely creuulate.

e. Smaller, not over 3 mm.; sides of thorax subsimiate.

484. IN.KQVALIS.

FAMILY VI.

ee. Larger, 3.5-3.S min. ; sides of thorax not sinuate.

485. EXCAVATUS.

cc. Intervals of elytra wider than stride; thorax without granules be-

tween the punctures. 486. SUBCUPBEUS.

6ft. Thorax without distinct fovere, its surface densely and finely granu-

late. 487. GKANULATUS.

H. seal rat us Muls. is recorded from New York to Iowa and
southward.

483 (1562).

HYDROCHUS SQUAMIFER Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1S55, 359.

Elongate. Above grayish-bronzed or cupreous; head
and thorax tinged with greenish and darker than elytra ;
beneath dull reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Thorax
scarcely wider than long, sides sinuate; disk coarsely and
rather closely punctate, the intervals with flattened gran-
ules. Elytra deeply striate ; third interval a little higher
than second, fourth elevated from the middle half way
to apex, fifth elevated like the third but interrupted op-
posite the elevation of fourth. Length 3.7 mm. (Fig.
125.)

Fig. 125. X 9.
(Original.)

Lake and Marion counties ; scarce. May 25- Au-
gust 20.

484 (1558). HYDKOCHUS IN.^QUALIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1855,

359.

Elongate. Above dark reddish-brown, slightly bronzed; legs paler.
Thorax roughly and densely punctate, slightly longer than wide; dorsal
fovese very distinct. Elytra deeply striate, the fifth, seventh and ninth
intervals elevated and interrupted behind the middle, giving the appear-
ance of a transverse impression; fourth elevation opposite break in third.
Length 3 mm.

Lawrence County, from pond near University farm; scarce.
7. A species of southern range.

iir.r,!)). IlYDHOCiifS EXCAVATUS Lee., Prcir. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,
1855, 360.

Elongate. Blackish-bronzed; legs reddish-brown. Thorax about as
wide as long, the fovese distinct, the basal ones smaller. Elytral intervals
narrow, the fourth, fifth and seventh elevated, the fifth interrupted. Length
3.5-3.9 mm.

Lake and Laporte counties ; scarce. May 25.

l^f. i ir.CiO). HYDROCHUS SUBCUPREUS Rand., Bost. Jouru. Nat. Hist., II.
1838, 40.

Elongate, rather slender. Brown, with a distinct brassy tinge; beneath
piceous; legs reddish-brown, knees darker. Thorax subquadrate, not wider
than long; disk with fovese less distinct than in excavatus; coarsely, deeply,
not densely punctate. Elytra with intervals cunvex, distinctly wider than

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 253

striae, fifth slightly elevated and. interrupted behind the middle; fourth ele-
vated opposite the break in fifth; the others almost uniform. Length
3.5 mm.

Starke County; rare. August 20.

487 ( -). HYDROCHUS GBANULATUS sp. uov.

Elongate, slender. Above piceous with a greenish or olivaceous tinge ;
beneath piceous, legs dark reddish- or fuscous brown. Thorax a little
longer than wide, sides almost straight; surface, as well as that of head,
finely and very densely granulate-punctate, the fovea? very faint. Elytral
stria? wider than intervals, the latter very narrow, the fourth interrupted
behind the middle, fifth almost wholly wanting or not convex. Length
3.8-4 mm.

Lake County; rare. April 29. An unnamed specimen is also
in the LeConte collection at Cambridge, labelled "Illinois."

III. OCHTHEBIUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., "shore + to live.")

Very small brown, black or piceous species having the thorax
narrowed at base, with a transparent side margin, and the disk with
impressed lines or fovea?, quite similar to those of Helophorus, but
interrupted. They occur in or about the edges of small pools and
woodland ponds ; also on the under side of stones in running water.
One undescribed species has been taken in the State, while three
described by LeConte have a range which may include Indiana,

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OCIITIIEBIUS.

a. Thorax abruptly sinuately narrowing from in front of middle to base

and with a distinct angnlation at middle of sinuation, all the discal

impressions well marked. FOVEICOLIJS.

aa. Thorax abruptly sinuate from the middle, or more or less notched near

the hind angles.
&. Thorax with well marked discal foveye.

c. Form oblong-oval, subdepressed ; elytral punctures obsolete near
apex. NITIDUS.

cc. Form short, broadly oval, strongly convex ; elytral punctures dis-
tinct to apex. 488. PUTNAMENSIS.
bl). Thorax without discal fovere, coarsely punctate, the lateral fovere
deep and broad. CEIBRICOLLIS.

0. foveicollis Lee., 1.2-2.5 mm., 0. nit id us Lee., 1.8 mm., and 0.
cribricollis Lee., 2 mm. in length, all piceous-bronzed in hue, may
occur in northern Indiana.

4SS ( -). Oeirmivmrs PUTNAMENSIS sp. nor.

Short, oval, strongly convex. Elytra black, shining; head and thorax
bronzed ; legs reddish-brown. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides rounded
from apex to basal third, thence oblique and feebly sinuate to base; disk

2f>4 FAMILY VI. IIYDKMtl'IlfLID/E.

linoly and sparsely punctate, its sides broadly flattened; median groove
wide and deep, diseal fove.-e separated, the hind ones oblique and larger
than those in front; lateral ones broad, shallow and but slightly curved.
Elytra with rows of large quadrate punctures. Length 1.5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Sifted from debris at side
of hillside spring. Mr. Blanchard, who compared the specimen
with those at Cambridge, writes that "the short convex form is
quite different from any of our named species."

IV. HYDR.ENA Kug. 1794. (Gr., "to wash or bathe.")

Our single member of this genus is smaller than any of those
belonging to the two preceding genera. The thorax is subquadrate,
about three-fourths the width of elytra, and the latter are marked
with more than ten rows of punctures.

4S!) (15X2). IlYDR.ENA PENNSYLVANIA KieS.. Lillll. Elltolll.. IV. l.X-Hi. Hili.

Elongate-oblong, subconvex. I'iceous or dark reddish-brown, the palpi,
legs and narrow side margins of thorax dull yellow. Thorax narrower at
base than apex, side margins sinuate; disk coarsely and densely punctate
and with a large impression each side near front angles. Punctures of ely-
tral stria 1 close, rather coarse, quadrate; intervals narrow, convex. Length
l.S-2.2 mm.

Kosciusko Comity; scarce. June 24. Sifted from damp, de-
caying sphagnum moss in tamarack swamp.

Tribe II. II YI >K< U'HILINI.

Large or medium-six. "d beetles of an oval or elliptical convex
form, olive-black in < olor, rarely with sides of thorax and elytra
yellow. Elytra not striale; antenna- D-jointcd ; meso- and meta-
sterna forming a continuous keel which is prolonged behind into an
acute spine; middle and hind tarsi strongly compressed, fringed on
the inner side with long hairs. Three genera occur in Indiana.

KEY TO GENEKA OF HYDROPHILINI.

(/. Prosternum sulcate; uietasternal spine long.

l>. Length 25 or more mm.; last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than

the preceding. V. HYDROPHILUS.

hl>. Length less than 12 mm.; last joint of maxillary palpi equal to or

longer than preceding. VI. TKOIMSTKHNTS.

<ni. Prosternum carinate; metastenial spine short: length l.">-li mm.

VII. HYDROCIIAKIS.

V. HYDROPHILUS Geoff. 17<>4. (Or., "water + loving.")

This genus includes two very large black beetles, the giants of
the family as represented in North America.

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES.

255

490 (1585). HYDROPHILUS OVATUS Zieg., Proc. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., II,

1844, 45.

Less elongate, more convex. Above black with an olive tinge ; beneath
piceous ; antenna and tarsi paler. Abdomen pubescent, the last three seg-
ments narrowly smooth at middle, without yellow spots at sides. Pro-
sternal prominence, in which front end of sternal spine fits, open in front.
Length 31-33 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent. May 25-October 8. Often at-
tracted by electric light.

491 (1586). HYDROPHILUS TRIANGULARIS

Say, Journ. Phil. Acacl.

Nat. Sci., III. 1823, 201 ;

ibid. II, 128.

More elongate, less convex. Above of
same hue as oratiis; beneath darker,
more shining, the abdominal segments
with more or less distinct triangular
yellow spots at sides. First segment pu-
bescent, the remainder broadly smooth
at middle. Prostemal prominence closed
in front. Length 34-37 mm. ( Fig. 1 20. )

Throughout the State ; common.
March 19-October 27. Sometimes

attracted bv thousands to electric Fig. 126. b H. triangdaris Say natural size;

/, antenna; g, front tarsus of female; , same of

lights in Indianapolis and the male . ali magnified; i, side view of sternal spine.

(After Riley.)

larger cities. Hibernates as imago.

VI. TROPISTERNUS Sol. 1834. (Gr., "keel 4 breast.")

Smooth, shining, oval insects, mostly black above; very common
in ponds, lakes and slow-flowing streams. Nine species, including
Nos. 1588 to 1595 of the Henshaw "Catalogue." belong to this
genus, five of which have been taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TROPISTERNUS.

a. Prosternal prominence or groove closed in front ; elytra without yellow

stripes.
l>. Thorax and elytra narrowly margined with yellow.

492. NIMHATI S.

66. Thorax and elytra entirely black above.

c. Front part of sternal crest very finely and indistinctly punctured;
elytra with very fine and coarser punctures intermixed.

493. MIXTUS.
cc. Front part nf sternal crest distinctly punctured; elytra 1 punctures

equal in size or nearly so.

(L Form elongate-oval: elytra 1 punctures very minute and indis
tinct. 494. STUL.EVIS.

[1723402]

256 FAMILY VI. HYDROPHILID.E.

<I<I. Form more broadly oval; elytral punctures larger and more dis-
tinct. 495. GLABER.
'Hi. Prosternal groove open in front; elytra with discal yellow stripe.-.

496. STRIOLATUS.

492 ( 15X9 ) . THOPISTERNUS NIMBATUS Say. Journ. Phil.
Acad. Nat. Sei.. Ill, 1823. 205; ibid. II.
130.

Elongate-oval, convex. Olivaceous black, shining;
clypens. thorax and elytra margined with pale yellow ;
under surface black or piceous; legs yellow, femora
black at base. Length s.2-0 mm. (Fig. 127.)

Throughout the State; common. March 14-
Oct'iber 9. At electric light in June.
-?!>> (1590). TROPISTERNVS MIXTUS Lee.. Proc. Phil.

Fig. 127. X 4. (Original.) Acad - Nat ' Sci " VII < 1855 ' 30S -

Elongate-oval, convex. Black, more or less bronzed,

shining; antenna?, base of palpi and apical halves of femora and tibia?
brownish-yellow. Elytra with coarser and finer punctures intermingled,
these visible only under a lens. Length 8.5-9 mm.

lake. T.aporle. Kosciusko, Putnam and Martin counties; fre-
ouent. May 5-October 25.

494 (1593). TROPISTERXI/S SVBL.EVIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,

1855. 308.

Elongate-oval. Black, feebly bronzed ; antennae, palpi and legs dull
ye! low. base of femora piceous. Front half of sternal crest flat, finely but
distinctly punctured. Length 9-10 mm.

Putnam County; rare. July 8.

4!!5 (1591). TROPISTERNUS GLABER Herbst.. Col., VII, 398.

Kesembles mi.rt us but usually broader and longer. Punctures of elytra
very fine and subequal in size. Front part of sternal crest concave and
very coarsely punctured. Length 9.5-11 mm.

Throughout the State; common. March 16-October 23. Often
found beneath rubbish along the edges of ponds and lakes.

490 (1595). TI:OPISTERNI s SPRIOLATUS Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

vii, 1855, ;;*;s.

Elongate-oval, convex. Olivaceous black ; front of head and sides of
thorax yellow; elytra each with sides and six or more narrow stripes on
disk yellow ; under surface black, prosteruum and legs brownish-yellow.
Sternal crest sulcate throughout its full length. Length 9-10.5 mm.

A species of southern range, taken only in Vigo and Knox coun-
ties; scarce. July 9-October 28.

THE WATER SC'AVKMiER BEETLES. 257

VII. HYDROCIIARIS Latr. IS:T>. 4r., "water f delight." )

The prosternuni. instead of being grooved for the reception of
the front end of the sternal crest, is entire and raised into a sharp
carina. One species occurs in the State.

497 (1597). HYDBOCHARIS OBTI SATTS Say. Journ. I'liil. Acacl. Nat. Sci..
Ill, 1823, 200; ibid. II, 129.

Male elongate-oval; female obloug-oval, very obtuse behind. Black.
shining; under surface dark reddish-brown, pubescent-. Klytra each with
four rows of distinct punctures, the outer row double. Spine of nu-ta-
sternum not extending beyond hind coxae. Length 13-KJ nun.

Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in south-
ern portion. April 6-Septemk-r 15. Often taken be:' eat h l:igs
and stones close to the edge of water; also at electric light.

Tribe III. IIYDROBIINI.

Aquatic beetles of small size and of an oval or hemispherical
form, having the thorax at base always as wide as the base of elytra,
and the metasternal spine never prolonged back of the hind coxa 1 .
The tribe is represented in Indiana by nine genera, separated by
Dr. Horn as follows :

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF HYDROBIINI.

a. Last ventral segment eniarginate ; antennae seven-jointed ; elytra with
ten strite; length 2.5-6 mm. VIII. BEROSUS.

. Last ventral segment entire.

b. First and second ventral segments concealed by plates ; length less
than 2.5 mm. IX. CH^ETARTHRIA.

6&. Ventral segments not covered.

c. Antennae eight-jointed; color mostly pale; form rounded, convex;
length 2.5-3 mm. X. LACCOBHS.

cc. Antenna 1 nine-jointed; color usually dark.

'/. Last joint, of maxillary palpi shorter than third; length 3.5-

7 nun.
e. Tarsi live-jointed on all the feet.

f. Mesosternum with a longitudinal lamina or plate ; second
joint of maxillary palpi curved, with the convexity to the
front; elytral punctures confused. XI. PHILHYDRUS.

ff. Mesosternum with only a slight median tuberosity ; con-
vexity of the curved second joint of maxillary palpi turned
to the back ; elytral punctures in rows.

XII. HELOCIIARES.
ee. Tarsi four-jointed on the middle and hind feet.

ff. Mesosteruum with a feeble transverse carina ; tarsnl claws
simple; elytra not striate. XIII. CYMBIODYTA

258 FAMILY VI. HYDROPHILIMS.

yg. Mesosternnm with a compressed conical process ; tarsal claws
broadly toothed at base in male, less so in female: elytra
striate. XIV. HELOCOMBUS.

(Id. Last joint of maxillary palpi longer than the third.

It. Elytra either with stria? or with punctures arranged in rows;

larger species, more than 5 mm. XV. HYDROBIUS.

///(. Elytra with confused punctuation; smaller species, less than

4 mm. XVI. CRENIPHILUS.

VI IT. BEROSUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., a proper name.)

This genus is composed of convex, elongate beetles, usually pale
in color with darker spots on thorax and elytra. They may be
known also by the 7-jointed antenna?, elongate scutellum and the
hind pair of tibia? and tarsi pilose. Three species are known from
Indiana, while two others probably occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BEROSUS.

a. Elytra with two spines at apex; fifth abdominal segment truncate at
middle. PUGNAX.

r/. Elytra without spines at apex.

b. Filth segment of abdomen with one tooth at middle of notch.
c. Abdomen of male with segments '2, :>> and 4 slightly eariuate.

(1. Elytra with well defined black spots. 498. PANTHERI.M s.

<lil. Elytra with spots indistinct. 499. PEREGRINUS.

re. Abdomen of male not carinate: both head and abdomen dull yel-

low. EXIGUUS.

hi). Fifth segment of abdomen with two teeth at middle of notch ; ab-
domen never carinate; elytral spots indistinct. 500. STRIATUS.

498 (1608). BEROSUS PANTHERINUS Lee.. Puoe. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI.

1S55, 364.

Elongate-oval, convex. Pale, dull yellow ; head blackish-bronzed ; thorax
with two black spots at middle; elytra each with ten distinct black spots
as follows ; two near base, four in a sinuous transverse baud in front of
middle, three in another band behind middle, and one near apex; abdomen
reddish-brown. Thorax finely punctured, the sides slightly converging in
front. Elytral stria? coarsely punctured; intervals rather thickly and irregu-
larly punctate. Length 4 mm.

Posey County; rare. June 8. Known from Illinois. Missouri
and Texas.

4in> (If.O'.n. r.EKosi s PEKK<a:iMs llerbst.. Col.. VII. o!4.

Oval, convex. Head black with bronzed surface; thorax and elytra
light brownish-yellow, the former with two brown spots on disk, the latter
with four or five indistinct oblong, double spots. Elytral striae less dis-
tinct on disk than on sides, the intervals finely punctured. Head thickly
punctured, with a longitudinal impression between the eyes. Length 4 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 6- August 20.

THE WATER SCAVENGEE BEETLES. 259

500 *(1614). BEROSUS STKIATUS Say, Jouni. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,

188.

Elongate-oval, convex. Head as in peregrin us but without impression
between the eyes; thorax and elytra dull greenish-yellow, the former with
a double fuscous line on disk; each elytron with eight or ten small, remote,
indistinct blackish spots. Elytral stria- distinctly impressed, finely punc-
tate; intervals flat, with rather coarse punctures. Length 4-5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. February 26-October 21. Hi-
bernates as imago, specimens having been taken in February from
beneath log buried deeply in sand, while others were dredged from
a pond in early March.

B. pugnax Lee., 5-6 mm. in length, and colored much as in
pantherinus, is known from Illinois and Missouri. B. exic/uiis Say,
2.5 in length, occurs from Pennsylvania to Louisiana.

IX. CELETARTHRIA Stephens. 1832. (Or., "bristle + joint.")

Very small species having the first joint of antenna 1 long and the
body contractile. They occur about the margins of ponds and lakes.

501 (1619). CH^ETARTHRIA PALLIDA Lee., Proc. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., 1861,

342.

Hemispherical, very convex, shining. Above dull brownish-yellow ; head
black, shining ; disk of thorax often with a fuscous blotch ; beneath black.
Elytra very sparsely and finely punctate; sutural striae distinct. Length
2 inni.

Lakes of Laporte, Marshall, Fulton, and Starke counties; fre-
quent. June 16-August 31. A member of the boreal fauna. This
is the form described as nigriceps Lee.

X. LACCOBIUS Er. 1832. (Gr., "pool or lake + life.")

502 (1621). LACCOBIUS AGILIS Hand., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., II, 1838, 10.
Subrotuud, convex. Head and disk of thorax blackish-iridescent, the

margins of latter broadly pale yellow; elytra pale, the strife dusky; under
surface black, legs pale. Head alutaceous. finely and sparsely punctate,
the margin in front of eyes yellow. Thorax three times as wide as long,
as wide at base as elytra, finely and sparsely punctate. Punctures of ely-
tra very small and close-set in regular rows. Length 2-3 mm.

Throughout the State; common. May 26-September 3

XI. PHILHYDRUS Sol. 1834. (Gr., "love + water. ")

Small oblong-oval beetles, piceous or dull brownish-yellow in
hue and having the upper surface regularly and rather finely and
closely punctured ; elytra with four rows of coarser punctures, these

260

FAMILY VT. IIYDROPHILIMG.

sometimes indistinct. The beetles usually occur in numbers along
the edges of ponds, lakes and streams and rise to the surface when
the water is made turbid. Five species have been taken in Indiana,
while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PI IILII YDKTS.

. Above paler, brownish-yellow to pale pit-eons.

b. Prosteruum distinctly carinate; length 3.5-4.5 nun.

503. NEBULOSUS.
bb. Prosternuui uot carinate.

c. Smaller, not over 4 mm. ; mesosternal lamina very feeble, the front

edge without distinct angle. 504. OCHRACEUS.

cc. Larger, 46 mm. ; mesosternal lamina prominent, with a distinct

angular projection.

d. Thorax with a large discal piceous space. 505. HAMILTONI.

dd. Thorax entirely dull yellow. IHKFUSUS.

an. Above black or pic-eons black, the margins sometimes pale.

e. Larger, 6.5-7 mm.; transversely very convex. 506. CINCTIS.

ec. Smaller, not over 5.5 mm. ; subdepressed. 507. PERPLEXUS.

503 (1(326). PHILHYDRUS NEBULOSUS Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 277;

ibid. I, 183.

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Above variable from pale to dull brown-
ish-yellow, shining; head and uuder-surface piceous. Thorax and elytra
sparsely and indistinctly punctured, the usual rows of coarser punctures
scarcely visible. Length 3.5-4.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. May 15-Octobcr 21.

504 (1630). PHILHYDRUS OCHRACEUS Melsh.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

II, 1S44, 101.

Elliptical, less convex. Above pale piceous or dull
smoky brown, shining; head darker, with a pale space
in front of each eye ; margins of thorax and elytra paler :
beneath piceous, the tibia 1 and tarsi paler. Thorax and
f\ elytra distinctly and rather closely punctate, the dorsal
rows very indistinct. Length 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 128.)

Northern half of State ; common ; less so in the
southern portion. April 23-October 26. Resem-
bles nebulosiis, but smaller: prosternum not cari-
nate and punctures of upper surface more distinct.

PHILHYDRUS HAMILTONI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVII,

3890, 249.

Oblong-oval, moderately convex. Above piceous-yellow or dull brown-
ish-yellow ; head piceous; disk of thorax with an indefinite semicircular
space darker. Punctures of thorax not very close; those of elytra a little
coarser, the discal rows faint. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

Lake, Starke and Laporte counties; frequent. April 23-Sep-

Fig. 128. X 'Jo.
(Original.)

505 (9315).

THE WATEK SCAVENGER BEETLES. 261

tember 7. A member of the boreal fauna. Next in size to cinctus,
but brownish instead of black, in ore oblong and less convex.

P. diff-HSUs Lee., is recorded from Illinois and westward.

506 *(1633). PHILHYDRTJS CINCTUS Say, Long's ExpecL, II, 1824, 276; ibid.

I, 182.

Oval, slightly oblong, very convex. Black, shining: entire margin dark
reddish-brown. Thorax with basal marginal line very fine and indistinct;
its surface finely and evenly punctured. Elytra a little more coarsely and
sparsely punctured than thorax, the dorsal rows distinct but feebly im-
pressed. Length 6.5-7 mm.

Throughout the State ; common. Hibernates as imago. Febru-
ary 11-December 8.

507 (1636). PHILHYURUS PERPLEXUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,

1855, 371.

Oblong-oval, fully twice as long as wide. Above piceous-black, shining ;
sides of thorax and elytra with narrow paler border. Thorax closely and
finely punctate, its basal marginal line always distinct. Elytral punctures
coarser than those of thorax, the usual dorsal rows feebly indicated. Length
45.5 mm.

Common throughout the northern half of State; less so in the
southern portion. April 23-October 23.

XII. HELOCHARES Mills. 1844. (Gr., "marsh + rejoice.")

Very close to Pliilhydrus and formerly united with it. One spe-
cies occurs in Indiana.

"(is (1639). HELOCHASES MACULTCOLLIS Muls., Ann. Sc. Phys. Nat. Lyon.,

VII, 379.

Oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed in front, subdepressed. Above dull
brownish-yellow ; occiput and discal spot of thorax piceous ; under surface
black or piceous. Elytra with ten rather deeply impressed rows of serrate
punctures; intervals flat, finely punctulate, the fifth and ninth with a row
of coarse punctures. Length 45.5 mm.

Lawrence and Dubois counties; scarce. May 9-August 5.
XIII. GYMBIODYTA Bedel. 1881. (Gr.. "boat + dive.")

Small, oval, piceous or brownish species, formerly included un-
der both Philhydrus and Hydrocortibus, but having only four joints
on the middle and hind tarsi. In the species occurring in the East-
ern United States thf elytra are not striate, but usually have sev-
eral rows of coarse punctures. One species has been taken in the
State, while two others may occur,

262 FAMILY VI. HYDEOPHILID^.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYMBIODYTA.

a. Form oval : elytra with rows of coarser punctures distinct at least on

sides.

l>. Color wholly piceous. FIMBRIATA.

b&. Dull brownish-yellow : head black, with a large yellow spot in front

of each eye. 509. BLANCHARDI.

aa. Form oblong ; elytra without rows of coarser punctures ; piceous with

a pale border. LACUSTRIS.

C. fimbriata Melsh., 4.5-5.5 mm. in length, occurs from Canada
to Pennsylvania and Texas. C. lacustris Lee., 4-4.5 mm. in length.
is a boreal species which may occur in northern Indiana.

509 (9319). CYMBIODYTA BLANCHARDI Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent' Soc., XVII.

1890, 253.

Rather broadly oval, scarcely narrowed in front, moderately convex.
Dark smoky brown; margins of thorax and elytra paler; head black with a
reddish-yellow spot in front of each eye ; beneath piceous or brown, tarsi
paler. Thorax and elytra rather closely punctate, the rows of coarser
punctures represented only by a few distant punctures, except the outeriu ist
row, which is distinct. Sutural stria well impressed and reaching two-thirds
to base. Length 4 mm.

Steuben. Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. March 25-
August 11. Taken on the under side of flat stones in swift running
water. Resembles PhiUii/flni* <><liraceus, but more broadly oval in
form.

XIV. HELOCOMBUS Horn. 1890. (Gr., "marsh + border.")

Maxillary palpi very long and slender, the last joint distinctly
shorter than third ; thorax without a basal marginal line ; elytra dis-
tincly striate. One species is known from the eastern United States.

510 (1629). HELOCOMBUS BIFIDUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII,

1855, 371.

Oblong-oval, subdepressed. Piceous, shining; tarsi and narrow margin
of thorax and elytra paler. Thorax closely and finely punctate. Elytra
rather deeply striate. the strife entire except the inner three; intervals on
sides convex, flatter on disk, rather coarsely punctate. Length 5.5-7 mm.

Lakes of northern half of State, frequent; also in Marion and
Fountain counties. April 3-August 20.

XV. HYDROBIUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., "water + life.")

To this genus, as now limited, belong six of the larger species of
the Henshaw list. They have the last joint of the maxillary palpi
always longer than the third, and the elytra with either ten rows of
punctures or 10-striate. Three of the species have been taken in
the State, while another may occur.

THE WATEE SCAVENGEE BEETLES. 263

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HYDROBIUS.

. Alternate intervals of elytra, 3-5-7-9, each with a row of coarse punc-
tures ; elytra black or piceous.

ft. Elytra with well marked striae; form oblong. 511. FUSCIPES.

6&. Elytra with rows of fine punctures; form short and very convex.
c. Hind femora merely closely punctate near base, not pubescent.

512. TUMIDUS.

cc. Hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent near base and along
the upper border. 513. GLOBOSUS.

aa. Alternate intervals of elytra without rows of coarse punctures; elytral
stria? deep, the scutellar well marked ; elytra pale brown with scat-
tered small dark spaces. TESSELLATUS.

511 (1653). HYDROBIUS FUSCIPES Linn., See Muls. Col. France, Palpic, 122.
Oblong-convex. Above piceous-black, shining; beneath black, the tarsi

paler. Thorax finely and closely punctate. Elytra striate the two inner
and scutellar striae indistinct at base; striae closely punctate; intervals fiat,
not densely puuctulate. Length 6.5-8 mm.

Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties; frequent beneath rubbish
along the beaches of lakes. April 23-August 20. Probably occurs
throughout the State. Resembles Helocombus Irifidus, but more
convex and with shorter maxillary palpi, the last joint longer than
the preceding.

512 (1648). HYDROBIUS TUMIDUS Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII.

1855, 372.

Oval, very little longer than wide, very convex. Piceous-black, shining,
slightly bronzed ; beneath black, legs piceous, tarsi paler. Thorax rather
closely and equally punctate and with coarser punctures in semicircular
row on sides. Elytra with ten rows of punctures, the first and second rows
not complete; intervals fiat, more coarsely punctured than in globosus.
Length 8-8.5 mm.

Kosciusko and Marion counties; scarce. April 3-October 22.

513 (1652). HYDROBIUS GLOBOSUS Say, Long's Exped., II, 1824, 276; ibid. I,

182.

Shorter, broader, more hemispherical than tumulus,
which it closely resembles. Surface similarly punctured,
but in each part more finely ; dorsal rows of punctures
more distinct. Hind femora with basal third opaque,
punctured and slightly pubescent. Scutellar stria dis-
tinct. Length 7.5 mm. (Fig. 129.)

So far taken in Indiana only in swift water at
mouth of Donaldson's Cave, near Mitchell, Law-
rence County; scarce. Should occur throughout the State. May
5-September 11.

H. tessellatus Zieg., 7-7.5 mm. in length, is said to occur from
Canada to Illinois and southward, but rare in every locality.

264 FAMILY VI. HYDROPHILID^.

XVI. CRENIPHILUS Mots. 1845. (Gr., "notch or bay + loving.")

Very small, convex elliptical or oblong beetles, having the punc-
tures of elytra confused, thorax without a basal marginal line, and
also without the rows of large coarse punctures usually seen in the
species of Hydrobius. They usually occur in numbers amongst the
decaying aquatic plants along the margins of pools and lakes.
Three species have been taken in Indiana, while two others should
occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF I'RENIPHILUS.

a. Form oblong, fully twice as long as wide; tarsi slender, the hind pair

fully as long as the tibiae; elytra distinctly narrowed almost from

humeri to tips ; color piceous, shining, the side margins of both thorax

and elytra pale. SUTURALIS.

aa. Form broadly oval, not much longer -than wide, very convex; tarsi

stouter, the hind pair shorter than the tibiae.
b. Prosternum distinctly cariuate.

c. Elytra distinctly punctate; antennae eight-jointed.

514. SUHCUPREUS.

cc. Elytra very indistinctly punctate; antennae nine-jointed.

515. DESPECTUS.
&&. Pros termini absolutely simple.

(I. Black with a bronzed tinge; surface distinctly punctured; hind
femora strigose lengthwise and sparsely punctate. DIGESTUS.

eld. Dull piceous without tinge of bronze; surface indistinctly punc-
tate; hind femora densely punctulate and pubescent.

516. INFUSCATUS.

C. suturalis Lee., length 1.5-2 mm., and C. digestus Lee., 2.5-
3.5 mm. in length, are both said to occur from Canada southward
to Georgia and New Mexico.

514 (1657). CRENIPHILUS SUBCUPREUS Say, Jourii. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,

1S25, 189; ibid. II, 293.

Elliptical, convex. Above piceous. distinctly bronzed, the margins of
elytra often paler toward apex; beneath dark reddish-piceous, the tarsi
paler. Thorax and elytra equally, not closely punctate. Length 1.5-2 mm.

Common along the margins of lakes in the northern part of the
State ; less so in the southern counties. April 23-August 26.

515 (1658). CRENIPHILUS DESPECTUS Lee., New Sp. N. Arner. Col., 1863, 25.
Closely resembles subcupreus, but smaller and transversely more con-
vex. Surface more distinctly brassy, alutaceous with minute punctures,
sparsely placed. Length 3.5 mm.

Marshall and Putnam counties ; scarce. April 17-October 17.

516 (1655). CRENIPHILUS INFUSCATUS Mots., Bull. Mosc., Ill, 1857, 177.
Oval, very convex. Piceous or dark fuscous, the margins of thorax

and elytra paler. Antennae nine-jointed, the club darker. Thorax very

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 265

finely and indistinctly punctate, more coarsely at the sides. Elytra more
coarsely but less closely punctate than thorax. Femora of all the legs
densely punctulate and pubescent. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. April 16-October 17.
Both this and the preceding were sifted from debris taken from the
margins of hillside springs.

Tribe IV. SPH^RIDIINI.

To this tribe belong a number of small, convex, oval or hemi-
spherical beetles, which live in damp places in decaying vegeta-
tion or in the dung of herbivorous mammals. The color is usually
black or piceous, with the elytra frequently spotted or margined
with pale yellow and, in most genera, possessing ten rows of punc-
tures or strife; legs not fitted for swimming; first joint of middle
and hind tarsi elongate. Four genera are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SPEL^RIDIINI.

a. Sides of elytra not extended below the lower surface of body.

b. Elytra not inflexed ; epipleura horizontal, distinct; prosternum cari-

nate at middle.

c. Larger species, 5 or more mm.; scutelluni elongate; antennae eight-
jointed ; last dorsal segment visible. XVII. SPH.ERIDIUM.
cc. Smaller species, 3 mm. or less; scutelluni equilateral; antennae
nine- jointed ; last dorsal segment covered. XVIII. CERCYON.
Irt. Elytra inflexed. clasping the sides of body, without distinct epi-
pleura ; prosteruum elevated at middle, forming a large pentagonal
area : thorax not margined ; length 1.5-2 mm.

XIX. CRYPTOPLEURVM.

art. Elytra extended below the lower surface of body, the punctuation con-
fused, without trace of strire; first ventral segment not carinate;
length 3-3.5 mm. XX. PHCENONOTUM.

XVIT. SPII^RIDIUM Fab. 1755. (Gr., "ball or sphere + little.")
517 (1662). SPH^ERIDIUM SCARAB^OIDES Linn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 145.

Oval or subglobose, convex. Above black, shining; elytra with a red-
dish sub-basal spot and the apical fourth yellowish; beneath piceous, the
femora spotted with paler. Thorax and elytra finely and evenly punctured,
the latter without striae. Length 5.5-6.5 mm.

A recently introduced European species, taken from beneath
rubbish on the beach of Lake Michigan at Pine, and Whiting. Lake
County; at Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall County, and on the shore
of the Ohio River at New Albany; scarce. April 16-October 23.

XVIII. CERCYON Leach. 1817. (A mythological name.)

Small black or piceous brHlrs with more or less yellow on the
tips of elytra. They have the middle coxa? narrowly separated;

266

FAMILY VI. HYDBOPHILID.E.

elytra usually striate; mesosternum elevated between and in front
of the middle coxa 1 . About 25 species are known from the United
States, many of them being common to this country and Europe.
Of these Dr. Horn states that "but a small number owe their pres-
ence in our fauna to introduction by human agency. They appear
to be rather members of a circumpolar fauna, equally native in

either hemisphere, and dis-
tributed at a time when con-
tinental division was less ab-

r u p 1 than at present. ' '

B b Eleven species have been

Fig- 130. Rg. 131. taken in Indiana and several

A, middle coxal cavity. B, metasternal area. (After Horn.) ,1 i i j_i

others doubtless occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CERCYON.

a. Intervals of elytra alternately higher or subcostiform at apex, the stria3
deep ; surface sparsely pubescent : color pale reddish-brown.

518. PUBESCENS.
aa. Intervals flat or slightly convex; surface smooth.

l>. Metasternal area extended on each side by an oblique line. (Fig.

130.)
c. Thorax without basal marginal line, its surface wholly black.

d. Elytra piceous, with pale apex; surface distinctly punctulate;

palpi and antennae piceous. 519. BLEMORRHOIDALIS.

dd. Elytra reddish, with a large scutellar triangle and humeral stripe

piceous.
e. Elytra very distinctly punctulate ; epipleura piceous ; palpi pale.

520. MELANOCEPHALUS.

ee. Elytra indistinctly punctulate ; epipleura pale ; last joint of

palpi piceous. 521. PYGM.EUS.

cc. Thorax with distinct basal marginal line, paler at sides; elytra

pale with transverse piceous band behind the middle; palpi pale.

522. NIGRICEPS.
66. Metasterual area median only. (Fig. 131.)

f. Side marginal lines of thorax extending for a short distance along
the basal margin ; elytra dull reddish-yellow with a large oval
piceous spot on suture behind middle which extends narrowly to

ff. Side marginal lines reaching the hind angles only.

//. Interval between the seventh and eighth striae normally wide,

with at least two rows of punctures.
//. Form oval, never very convex; head oblique.

/. Elytra piceous black, with a sharply limited yellowish apical
space extending along the sides toward the base.

523. PR.ETEXTATUS.

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 267

M. Elytra piceous, with a common indefinite pale space divided

by the suture, but not reaching apex ; sides of thorax and

humeral urabone pale. INDISTIMCTUS.

/(/(. Form short, very convex; head vertical; punctuation of elytral

intervals more indistinct than that of thorax.
j. Sm'face opaque, more or less alutaceous; elytra with distinct

stria? ; apex with a distinct pale spot.

k. Entire surface alutaceous; elytral striae fine, but reaching
apex. 524. LUGUBRIS.

kk. Elytra alone alutaceous. their strne very fine and not
reaching the apex. 525. TRISTIS.

././'. Surface shining ; elytral strife replaced by rows of fine punc-
tures ; apex with an indistinct rufous space extending
slightly along the suture. 526. NAVICULARIS.

gg. Interval between the seventh and eighth strife narrow and with

but one row of punctures.

7. Elytra with an indefinite pale space at apex ; color piceous or
brownish. 527. ANALIS.

//. Elytra with pale space at apex sharply limited by a curved
line, not extending along the side margin; color black, shin-
ing. 528. OCELLATUS.

518 (1664). CERCYON PUBESCENS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII. 1855.

374.

Oval, moderately cmivex, somewhat attenuate behind the middle. Dull
reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent ; head piceous. Thorax twice as wide
as long, narrowed in front, sides curved from base to apex; surface slightly
rugose, without punctures. Elytra with nine rather deeply impressed punc-
tured striae; intervals flat on basal half, convex and alternately more ele-
vated at apex, very finely and sparsely punctate. Mesosternal elevation
elongate-oval, acute in front, truncate behind. Length 1.5 mm.

Lawrence County; frequent at carrion bait and on fungi. June
10-July 29. Probably throughout the State but overlooked on ac-
count of small size. Said to be often abundant in dried horse dung.

519 (1666). CERCYON HJEMORRHOIDALIS Fab.. Syst. Ent. 1798. 07:

nigricolle Say, Ed. Lee., II, 294.

Oval, moderately convex. Elytra piceous or brownish, their tips slight-
ly paler than disk. Thorax closely punctate. Elytra 10-striate, the striae
distinct at apex, rather closely punctate; intervals flat, densely and rather
coarsely punctulate. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Marion. Putnam and Posey counties; frequent. April 6-Octo-
ber 17. This is the species listed as flavipcs Fab. and nigricolle
Say.

520 (1672). TERCYON MKLANOCEPHALUS Linn., Faun. Suec.. 1701. 144.

Oval, slightly oblong, moderately convex. Head and thorax piceous or
black, shining; elytra usually reddish with a triangular piceous space ox-
tending from base one-half or more to apex and a subhumeral stripe pic-

268 FAMILY VI. HYDROPH1LID/E.

eous ; legs, antenna 1 and palpi dull reddish-brown. Tborax with sides regu-
larly curved from base to apex, surface rather finely and closely punctate.
Elytra 10-striate. the stria> punctate and distinctly impressed at apex; in-
tervals finely but distinctly punctulate. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Marion and Poser counties; scarce. April 6-April 13.

521 (1678). CERCYON PYGMJEUS Illig.. Mag. I, 1802, 40.

Oval, slightly oblong. Color given in key; antenna? dull yellow, club
darker ; legs and epipleura pale. Thorax with sides regularly curved from
base to apex, disk rather closely but not deeply punctate. Elytra striate,
tenth stria indistinct; intervals flat, sparsely and indistinctly punctate.
Prosteruum distinctly carinate. Length 1.3-2 mm.

Posey County ; rare. April 13. Taken beneath bark of fungus-
covered log. The dark area of elytra varies much in size.

r,22 (1(574). CERCYON NIGRICEPS Marsh.. Eut. Brit, 1802, 72.

Oval, moderately convex. Piceous, shining; sides of thorax paler; ely-
tra dull reddish-yellow, with an indefinite common fuscous band behind the
middle. Thorax with sides narrowed from base to apex, disk finely, not
closely punctate. Elytra rather deeply striate, the stride distinctly punc-
tate; intervals feebly convex, very minutely punctate. Length 1.2-2 mm.

Marion County ; rare. April 23. Taken by sifting.
C. iDii/nin> tula* Linn., sides of thorax pale, length 3 mm., is
said to range from Canada to Illinois.

523 (1(5751. CERCYON PR/CTEXTATUS Say. .Tourn. Phil. Ac-ad. Nat. Sci.. Y.

1825. 190; ibid. II. 294.

Oval, moderately convex. Piceous black, shining; front
angles of thorax and a large, sharply defined space at
apex and along margins of elytra, yellowish; antennoe
dull yellow, the club darker. Thorax transverse, closely
and evenly punctate. Elytra with ten impressed rows
of close-set punctures; intervals closely punctate, more
sparsely near apex and on sides. Length 2.5-3 mm.
(Fig. 132.)

Fig. 132. x 8. Throughout the State ; frequent. April 15-Oc-

lober 18. Often found in dead fish or beneath rub-
bish along the sandy margins of ponds and lakes. A large and well
marked species.

(.. indistinctus Horn, 2.5-3 mm. in length, was described from
Canada and Pennsylvania.

524 (9334). CERCYON LUGUBRIS Payk., Faun. Suec., I. 1798, 59.

Oval, convex, narrower behind. Piceous black, subnpaque; elytra at
apex with a well-defined pale space which extends along the side margin.
Thorax with sides regularly curved ; disk finely, rather sparsely and evenly

THE WATER SCAVENGER BEETLES. 260

punctate. Elytra finely striate mi disk, more distinctly impressed at sides
and apex, the tenth stria wanting: intervals Hat. not distinctly punctate.
Length 1.5-2 rnm.

Kesviusko County; rare. August 5-October 21.

525 (9335). CERCYON TBISTIS Illig., Mag. I, 1802, 109.

Resembles luyHbris very closely hut rather smaller and mure narrow.
Elytral stria. 1 replaced hy rows of fine punctures not closely placed, which
are nearly obsolete on sides and apex; intervals h'at. pnnctnlate near the
base only. Length 1.5 mm.

Pine, Lake County and along margins of cypress swamp, Knox
County; scarce. Taken from dead crayfish and at sap. May 1-
May 28.

52G (1671). CERCYON NAVICULARIS Zimm., Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc.. II, 1869,

250.

Oval, strongly convex, narrower behind the middle. I'iceous black,
shining; elytra often slightly paler at tip and along suture; antenna?, palpi
and legs dull reddish-yellow. Thorax almost smooth, the sides regularly
curved from base to apex. Elytra very convex, their sides rapidly sloping
downward ; strife represented by rows of very fine punctures which are
more distinct at sides and apex; intervals very sparsely and finely punc-
tate. Body beneath shining, sparsely punctate. Length l.-'-l.T nun.

Starke, Marshall, Kosciusko and Parke counties; scarce. May
20- July 2. Sifted from masses of damp leaves along the borders of
pools in low moist woods.

527 (1680). CERCYON ANALIS Payk.. Faun. Suec., I. 1798, 187.

Oval, moderately convex. I'iceous black or brownish, shining; elytr.i
with a pale space at apex which varies much in size. Elytral strife equal
from base to apex, closely but not coarsely punctate, the tenth very dis-
tinct ; intervals fiat, densely punctate except the eighth, which has but a
single row of punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 15-October 17.

528 (1677). CERCYON OCELLATUS Say. Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V. 1S2.",.

190; ibid. II, 294.

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Piceuus black, shining; elytra with
sharply defined pale apical space occupying about one-third the surface,
the suture piceous to apex. Thorax with sides regularly curved from base
to apex; surface, as well as that of head, rather coarsely and cfn-ely punc-
tate. Elytral stria? feebly impressed, but with rather large, closely plac:'d
punctures, those of the outer rows the coarser and deeper; intervals fiat.
distinctly punctulate near the base, much less so on apical third. Meta-
sternal area shining, sparsely punctate; mesosternal elevation oval; piv.-
sternum distinctly carinate. Length 1.8-2 mm.

Kosciusko, Marshall, Vigo, Knox and Jennings counties; com-
mon. May 1-October 9.

270 FAMILY VI. HYDROPHILID.E.

XIX. CRYPTOPLEURUM Muls. 1844. (Gr.. " hidden + breast. ")

This genus differs from Cere-yon by having the prosternum ele-
vated before the front coxa? to form a rather large, five-sided area
widely separating the coxa? ; mesosternum with a similar area widely
separating the middle coxa?; metasternal area broad, extending
across the body ; sides of thorax reflexed and angulate near middle,
the angle not visible from above. Two species are known, both of
which occur in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CRYPTOPLETJEUM.

(i. Elytra! intervals distinctly punctate throughout their entire extent;

stria 1 not conspicuously coarsely punctate. 529. MINUTUM.

. Elytra 1 intervals feebly punctate on basal half only; stria? coarsely

punctured at base. 530. AMERICANUM.

529 (1690). CRYPTOPLEURUM MINI TIM Fab., Syst. Ent., 1798. 68.

Rather broadly oval, more narrowed behind than in front, convex.
Piceous black, feebly shining; elytra with an indefinite pale space at tip;
antenna 1 and palpi piceous. Thorax narrowed from base to apex, sides
feebly curved, surface rather coarsely punctate. Elytra rather deeply stri-
ate ; intervals slightly convex, closely and distinctly punctulate and. sparse-
ly pubescent. Length 1.5-2 mm.

Kosciusko, Marion and Vigo counties ; scarce ; April 12-Octo-
ber 9. Taken in decaying fungi and beneath dead turtles and
chickens. In one specimen at hand the pale reddish space at apex
of elytra extends over three-fourths of the surface.

530 (9339). CRYPTOPLEURUM AMERICANUM Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..

XVII, 1890, 311.

Resembles niiinttion in form and color; antennae and palpi pale red-
dish-yellow. Thorax more coarsely punctate than the head. Elytra deeply
striate. stria? coarsely and closely punctate near base, more finely on apical
half; intervals sparsely and finely punctate on basal half only. Metastenial
area more coarsely and sparsely punctured than in mlnutum. Length 1.7-
2 mm.

Marion and Crawford counties; scarce. March 23-April 23.
Known heretofore only from Ohio.

XX. PEL-ENONOTUM Sharp. 1882. (Gr., "to show + back.")

Rather small black species having the antennae 9-jointed, the
club joints loosely united; prosternum short, not carinate between
the coxa?.

531 (1685). PH^NONOTUM ESTRIATUM Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., I, 171;

ibid. II, 646.

Rather broadly oval, strongly convex. Piceous black, shining; antennae
dull yellow, the club fuscous. Thorax very finely punctate. Elytra more

THE MAMMAL NEST BEETLES.

271

coarsely punctured than thorax, the punctures not distant one from an-
other more than their own diameter. Length 3-4 mm.

Lake, Marshall, Starke, Kosciusko and Steuben counties; fre-
quent. May 20-October 26.

Family VII. LEPTINID.E.
MAMMAL NEST BEETLES.

This family is represented in Indiana by a single small, flat
beetle, having the antenna? slender and 11 -jointed; eyes entirely
wanting ; thorax with apex truncate, base covering the base of elytra
and broadly emarginate, without distinct side pieces beneath; scu-
tellum distinct ; elytra rounded at tip, covering the abdomen ; front
coxa? small, globular, not separated by the prosternum ; hind coxa?
narrow, transverse, meeting at middle; legs short, tibia? flattened,
tarsi 5-jointed.

But two species of the family are known
from North America, One inhabits the
Hudson Bay region ; the other is common
to both Europe and America and lives with
small rodents and insectivora, such as mice,
moles, shrews, etc., and also in the nests of
bumble-bees. If the nest of a mouse or
shrew be carefully removed from beneath
a log or other shelter and shaken over a
paper, a number of these little beetles will
probably be seen scampering away as fast
as their legs will carry them. Chas. Dury,
of Cincinnati, took 90 specimens of the
beetle from one nest and many others es-
caped before he could gather them in. As to whether they are para-
sites or guests of their hosts is still a mooted question, but Dury
states, and my observation bears out his supposition, that he
thinks them "only guests of the animals, as I have found them in
nests that have long since been deserted." It is possible that they
may live upon the eggs and young of the mites, fleas and other
forms of life found associated with them in the nests. It is thought
by some that their original home was in the nests of bumble-bees,
where they fed upon honey and pollen, and that they merely make
use of the mice and shrews as a means of getting from one nest of

a bumble-bee to another.
[1823402]

Fig. 133. Line shows natural size.
(After Sharp.)

272 FAMILY VIII. SI

T. LFJ'TINTS Mull. 1817. (Gr.. "thin or small.")

532 (1C92). LEPTINUS TESTACEUS Mull., Germ. Mag. Eut, II, 1817, 268.

Obloug-oval, much depressed. Uniform pale yellow. Above finely and
regularly punctured and rather thickly pubescent with golden hairs. Length
2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 133.)

Lake, Marion, Putnam and Perry counties; frequent. March
11-Decemher 1. Evidently hibernates as imago.

Family VIII. SILPHID^E.
THE CARRION BEETLE.

Wherever decaying animal matter occurs, especially dead birds,
mice or snakes, the larger members of this family can usually be
found. The smaller species live more commonly in decaying fungi,
while a few occur only in the nests of ants. The name Silphida? is
founded upon that of the principal genus Silplia, a name of Greek
origin indicating a foetid odor. The larger members of the family,
belonging to the genera Necrophorus and Silpha, range in size be-
tween one-half and one and a half inches. Their eggs are deposited
in the bodies of small mammals or fragments of putrid flesh, which
are then buried from several inches to nearly a foot in the ground.
A pair of the beetles will thus bury the body of a mouse or mole
with great rapidity. The larva?, on hatching from the eggs, feed
upon the decaying flesh. a.nd are said to even devour the bones of
small mammals.

From allied families the members of the Silphida? may be known
by having the eyes finely granulated, sometimes (in cave species)
absent; antenna? 11-, rarely 9- or 10-joiuted, gradually or suddenly
clubbed at apex and inserted under the margin of the front, behind
the base of mandibles; thorax without distinct side pieces beneath;
mesosternum very short, the side pieces closing the coxal cavities on
the sides; metasternum large, truncate behind; front coxa? large,
conical, contiguous; hind coxae contiguous; abdomen with five or
six free ventral segments; legs variable, sometimes thick and fitted
for digging, sometimes slender; tibia? with large terminal spurs;
tarsi usually f>- jointed.

The principal literature treating of the North American species
is embodied in the two following papers:

LeContc. ''Synopsis of the Silphida? of North America," in
. Proc. Phil. Acacl. Nat Sci., VI. 1853, 274-287.

THE CARRION BEETLES. 273

Horn. "Synopsis of the Silphida 1 of the Tinted States with
reference to the Genera of other Countries," in Trans. Amer.
Ent, Soe., VIII. 1880. 219-322.

Nearly 900 species of Silphida? are known, about 125 of which,
distributed among- 31 genera, are from North America. Horn, in
his Synopsis, divided the family among six tribes. . Four of these
are known to be represented in Indiana, while a single species of an-
other may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF SILPHID/E.

a. Hind coxae simple.

l>. Front coxa? more or less transverse at base and with trochantin.
c. Front coxal cavities open behind.

'/. ITind coxa 1 contiguous; larger, 10 or more mm.

Tribe I. SILPHINI, p. 273.
<ld. Hind coxa? separated; eyes wanting; smaller, not over 2 mm.

Tribe II. PINODYTINI, p. 277.
cc. Front coxal cavities closed behind; length less than 5 mm.

Tribe IV. ANISOTOMINI, p. 284.

hl>. Front cox;e cylindric-conic, without trochantin, the cavities closed
behind ; length less than 6 mm. Tribe III. CHOLEVINI, p. 278.
da. Hind coxa? with lamina? or plates; size very small, not over 2 mm.

Tribe V. CLAMBINI, p. 2!)1.

Tribe I. SILPHINI.

To this tribe belong all the larger members of the family, the
distinctive characters being the open front coxal cavities and the
contiguous hind coxa 1 . The form is sometimes elongate, but usually
oval or even nearly circular : elytra distinctly, sometimes widely,
margined at the sides; abdomen often visible beyond the elytra. Of
the seven genera comprising the tribe, three are represented in In-
diana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF SILPHINI.

(i. Antenna? ten-jointed, the last four joints forming an abrupt club; mid-
dle coxae widely separated. I. NECROPHORUS.
aa. Antenna? eleven-jointed, either slender or gradually clavate.

&. Middle coxa? moderately separated ; front coxal cavities widely open
behind; elytral stria?, if present, not punctured. II. SII.PHA.

&6. Middle coxae narrowly separated or contiguous; front coxal cavities
narrowly open ; elytral stria? with distinct impressed punctures.

III. NECROPHILUS.

I. NECROPHORUS Fab. 177:". (Or., "a dead body -i- bearing. ")
To this genus belong- large, elongate, thick-bodied beetles, having

274

FAMILY VIII. SILPHID/E.

black elytra, which are truncate at tip. and ornamented with con-
spicuous reddish-yellow spots. The head is
large, suddenly narrowed in front cf eyes and
also at a little distance behind them. The an-
tenna? are spoken of as ten-jointed, but the
true second joint appears as a node at the base
of the one usually called the second. (Fig.
134.) They are frequently known as "sexton
Fig. 134. xecrophorus: i, beetles." on account of their habits of burying

antennz; 2. tarsu*; 3, head

from beneath.

(After Westwood.)

small mammals and snakes,
been taken in Indiana.

Six species have

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF NECROPHORUS.

. Hind, and usually the middle, tibire curved or arcuate.

&. Thorax orbicular, its sides and base with wide, flattened margins,

disk finely and sparsely punctulate.
c. Disk of thorax red ; elytra without erect hairs.

533. AMERICANUS.

cc. Disk of thorax black ;' elytra with erect hairs. 534. SAVI.

II). Thorax transversely cordate, its sides narrowly margined and sin-
uate at middle; disk smooth; first joint of antennal club red.

535. MARGINATUS.

aa. Tibia? straight, not arcuate.

d. Thorax orbicular as in dincricinnis and sai/i. 530. ORBICOLLIS.

(Id. Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind ; sides and base

broadly margined.

c. Disk of thorax glabrous ; antennal club orange, the first joint pic-
eous. 537. PUSTULATUS.

ee. Disk of thorax densely pubescent ; antenual club piceous.

538. TOMENTOSUS.

533 (1695). NECROPHORrs AMERICANS Oliv.. Ent, II, 1790, 0.
Elongate, robust. Black, shining; vertex, disk of

thorax, epipleural fold and two large irregular
transverse spots on each elytron, orange-red ; an-
tenure black, the club orange-red. Thorax wider
than long, truncate in front; disk with a few scat-
tered punctures along the margins. Length 27-
35 mm. (Fig. 135.)

Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; fre-
quent. April 28- August 11. Probably occurs
throughout the State. Often attracted by
electric light. Our largest species, readily
known by its size and the color of head and
thorax.

534 (1(500). NKCROPHORUS SAYI Lap.. Hist. Nat.

II, 1839, 2.
Elongate, moderately robust. Resembles orbiool-

Fig. 135.

(Original.)

THE CARRION BEETLES. 275

lis, but smaller. The epipleura fold of elytra is wholly orange-red, the sides
of thorax less curved, and the middle and hind tibiae are curved in both
sexes. Length 1C- 18 mm.

Lake and Vigo counties ; rare. June 4- July 15.

535 (1698). NECBOPHORUS MARGINATUS Fab., Syst. Eleut. I. 1801, 334.
Moderately elongate. Black, shining ; auteimal club, epipleural fold

and two broad dentate cross-bands on elytra, orange yellow ; the sub-basal
band usually entire, rarely divided at suture; the subapical often reach-
ing the -apical margin, the two connected on side margin. Thorax distinctly
narrower behind the middle, the disk nearly smooth. Hind tibia? distinctly
curved. Length 20-27 min.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 23-July 28. Occurs
especially about dead snakes.

536 (1697). NECROPHORUS ORBICOLLIS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V,

1825, 177; ibid. II, 284.

Elongate, moderately robust. Black, shining; elytra with a sub-basal
cross-bar and subapical spot orange-red; epipleural fold black; antenna'
piceous, the club orange-red, first joint black. Middle and hind tibi;e in
both sexes gradually broader to tip and straight. Length 20-25 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-August 20. One
just emerged from pupal stage was taken from a little pit beneath
a log on April 17.

537 (1701). NECROPHORUS PUSTULATES Ilersch., Illig. Mag., VI. 271.

Moderately robust. Black or piceous, shining; antenna 1 club, except
the first joint, and two spots on each elytron, orange-red; one of the elytral
spots on the side at usual position of sub-basal baud, the other, sometimes
double, subapical. Thorax transversely oval, very little narrowed behind.
Elytra coarsely punctured, each with two faint costre. Length 17 mm.

Posey County; rare. June 18. The color is variable, some-
times wholly black ; the epipleural fold usually black, often red or
partly so.

538 (1703). NECROPHORUS TOMENTOSUS Weber. Obs. Ent.. I. 1801, 47.
Moderately elongate. Black, shining ; elytra with two cross-bars and

epipleural fold orange-red; the cross-bars resembling those of marginatus,
but narrower. Thorax broader than long, very little narrowed behind, the
disk clothed with golden yellow hairs. Middle and hind tibiae straight.
Length 15-20 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. June 20-October 18.
%
II. SILPHA Linn. 1758. (Gr.. "a beetle.")

Strongly depressed beetles of medium or large size, usually
rounded in form and with a wide, thin margin to thorax and elytra.

276

FA M 1 I, Y VIII . SI LPIII 1 >JE.

The antennae are 11 -jointed and never elongate, the terminal joint
being flattened and oval at tip; elytra more or less costate, but not
striate, the lateral margins reflexed.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SILPIIA.

(/. Eyes large, prominent; form elongate; hind femora much stouter in
males. 539. SURINAMENSIS.

ad. Eyes not prominent; form oval; hind femora similar in both sexes.
b. Labrum broadly ernarginate ; third joint of antennas as long or longer

than the second.

c. Thorax entirely black. 540. IN.^QUALIS.

cc. Thorax with black disk and reddish-yellow margin.

541. NOVEBORACENSIS.

ftft. Labrum deeply ernarginate ; third joint of antennae shorter than sec-
ond ; form broadly oval. 542. AMERICANA.

*539 (1704). SILPHA SI-RINAMENSIS Fab., Syst. Ent.. 1798. 72.

Moderately elongate, depressed. Black or piceous ; elytra with narrow
subapical orange red cross-bar, often broken into spots, sometimes entirely
wanting. Thorax transversely oval, broadly flattened behind. Elytra gradu-
ally broader behind, apex obliquely truncate; disk flat with three distinct
cos tie. Length 15-24 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. Hibernates as imago beneath
logs close to carrion. January 19-December 18.

*540 (1708). SILPHA IN^QUALIS Fab.. Spec. Ins., I, 1781, 87.

Oval, slightly oblong, depressed.
Black, opaque. Thorax twice as
wide as long, narrowed in front.
base with a broad truncate lobe
at middle; elytra very little long-
er than wide, rounded at apex.
the disk with three cos tie, the
outer and most distinct shorter
and terminating in a slight tuber-
cle one-third from apex. Length

Fig. 136. a, larva; </, same, natural size; /, g, h, mandible, 10-14 mm (Fi 01 136)
labium and maxilla of larva; i, j. anal process and antenirr of

same; m, one of the literal processes more highly magnified; rn, !,,, 4- + !-, Q+o-f-^

6, pupa; c, same, intiiril size; I, anal process of same; c, i HlOUgllOUT 1116 Oiaie ; CO111-

, ,

beetle; fc, front tatsus of same. (After Riley.)

TTM j-m,

inr.n. Hibernates in different

; gregarious. January 16-November 4.

THE CARRION BEETLES.

277

541 (1709). SILPHA NOVEBORACENSIS Forst., Cent. Ins., 1. 1771. 17.

Oval, slightly oblong, depressed. Thorax piceous, broadly
margined with reddish-yellow; elytra brownish to piceous.
Thorax about one-half wider than long, base truncate at raid-
die, sinuate each side ; elytra as broad as thorax, rounded be-
hind, the disk with three cost;?, the outer one the stronger ;
surface distinctly and regularly punctate. Length 13-14 mm.
(Fig. 137.)

Marion, Vigo and Posey counties; frequent. April 10- July 2.
Sometimes found on decaying fungi ; more often on carrion.

Fg. 137.

(After Coinstock.)

542 (1710).

Fig. 138.
(After Glover.)

SILPHA AMERICANA Linn., Syst. Nat., II, 170G, 570.

Broadly oval, depressed. Thorax yellow, with discal
black spot; elytra brownish, with the elevations darker.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long, much narrowed
in front, base broadly lobed at middle, surface densely
; :iid equally punctured. Elytra as wide or wider con
j lintly than long, the disk with three indistinct cost;e.
connected by numerous cross elevations; intervals rather
closely punctate. Length 16-20 mm. (Fig. 138.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 18-July
9. Taken in coitu on June 4. Often found in de-
caying fungus as well as carrion.

III. NECROPHILUS Lat. 1829. (Gr., "a dead body + loving.")

This genus is represented in the United States by only two spe-
cies, one of which occurs in Indiana.

543 (1714). NECKOPHILUS PETTITII Horn, Trans. Am. Eut. Soc.. VIII, ISso.
243.

Broadly oval, narrower in front. Dark chestnut brown, shining, gla-
brous. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long at middle, sides curved,
apex emarginate, base truncate ; margin broadly flattened and recurved,
translucent; surface sparsely punctate, the disk nearly smooth. Elytra
suddenly sloping downward near apex, the surface with rows of coarse,
deep punctures. Length 10-11 mm.

Two specimens were taken in very ill-smelling decaying fungi
beneath a log in woods near Grand Chain, Posey County. April
10. Dury has taken it in small numbers on several occasions near
Cincinnati, but it seems to be everywhere scarce.

Tribe II. PINODYTIXI.

This tribe is represented in North America by three small, blind,
oblong, chestnut-colored beetles. One of these. J^titrHli/jrs <rii}>lo-
phagoides Mann., lives in the fine debris of rotten wood and has

278

FAMILY VIII. SILPHID.E.

been taken in Alaska, and near Washington, D. C., so that it prob-
ably occurs in Indiana. (Fig. 139, a.} Another, P. hamiltoni
Horn, occurs near Allegheny City. Pennsylvania.

This tribe comprises insects of small size and usually ovate
form, having the front coxne eylindric-conic and contiguous, the
cavities closed behind; abdomen with six distinct segments, except

Fig. 139. a, Pinodytes cryptophagoides Mann.; (a) antenna of same; 6, Prionochata opaca Say; (a) tibial spur
of same; c, Ptornophagus consobrinus Lee.; (a) antenna of same. (After Horn.)

Tribe III. CHOLEVINI.

in Colon, and covered by the elytra. Some of the species live on
carrion or in fungi; others in ants' nests. Four of the eight genera
are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF CHOLEVINI.

a. Abdomen with six segments; hind coxa? contiguous; bead suddenly nar-
rowed behind the eyes, forming a neck, the occiput elevated in n
ridge.

b. Elytra punctate, not strigose; last joint of maxillary palpi as long as
the preceding ; mesosternum not carinate, the middle coxie con-
tiguous.

c. Tibial spurs moderate in length, simple. IV. CHOLEVA.

cc. Tibial spurs very long, bipectiuate. (Fig. 139, &.)

V. PKIONOCH.ETA.

til). Elytra finely and transversely strigose; last joint of maxillary palpi
short, awl-shaped ; mesosternum carinate, the middle coxae sepa-
rated ; antenna gradually clavate, not longer than head and thorax.
(Fig. 139, c.) VI. PTOMOPHAGUS.

aa. Abdomen with five segments (often four in female) ; head oval, not nar-
rowed behind, occiput not elevated ; hind coxae contiguous.

VII. COLON.

IV. CHOLEVA Latr. 1796. (Gr., "to limp or halt.")

Small, usually oval species, narrowed behind and having the sur-
face finely pubescent and the elytra usually finely punctured. The

THE CAERION BEETLES. 279

antennas are as long as the head and thorax, the last five joints form-
ing an elongate club, the eighth shorter and narrower than the sev-
enth and ninth. Five species are known from Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CHOLEVA.

a. Hind angles of thorax rounded or obtuse.

ft. Form elongate-oblong, but little narrowed behind; nearly uniform

dark brown ; cave inhabiting species. 544. ALSIOSA.

lrf>. Form oval or oblong-oval, distinctly narrowed behind; terrestrial

species.

c. Front femora more or less flat on the under edge, usually glabrous

and with a tubercle in the male ; female with ventral segments

not foveate at middle. 545. SIMPLEX.

cc. Front femora with the lower edge rounded, punctate and without

trace of tubercle in male.

(1. Form oblong ; body distinctly contracted at base of elytra ; fe-
male with ventral segments 5-6 deeply longitudinally im-
pressed at middle. 546. BASILLARIS.
tltl. Form oval, margins of thorax and elytra nearly continuous ; fe-
male with ventral segments 5-6 vaguely impressed.

547. CLAVICORNIS.

aa. Hind angles of thorax rectangular, the thoracic and elytral margins
continuous; female with abdomen not impressed. 548. TERMINANS.

544 (1727). CHOLEVA ALSIOSA Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885,

136.

Elongate-oblong, rather slender, finely pubescent. Dark smoky or sooty
brown. Antennas rather slender, longer than head and thorax, piceous, the
two basal joints paler. Thorax less than twice as wide as long, narrower
in front ; hind angles rather obtuse, disk densely and finely punctured.
Elytra elongate-oval, as wide as thorax at base, rather densely punctate,
the punctures coarser than on thorax. Length 4.3 mm.

One specimen from Coon's Cave, Monroe Comity July 10.
Taken from beneath a stone 400 feet from the entrance; also re-
corded from Mayfield's Cave, Monroe County, by Banta. Described
from Alaska, but since taken by Garman in caves near Lexington,
Kentucky.

545 (1728). CHOLEVA SIMPLEX Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., V, 1825,

184 ; ibid. II. 289.

Oval, slightly oblong, pubescent. Head and thorax piceous, elytra pur-
plish-brown ; antennas piceous, two basal joints paler. Thorax one-half
wider than long, a little narrower in front, surface finely and densely punc-
tate; elytra scarcely wider than thorax, narrowed behind, not striate, rather
densely punctate. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Clark and Posey counties ; scarce. May 7 -May 15.

280

FAMILY VIII. S1LPHID/E.

Fie. 140. >:

540 (1729). CHOLEVA BASILLAEIS Say, Journ. Phi!.
Ac-ad. Nat. Sci. III. 1823, 194; ibid
II. IL'4.

Oblong, mixlerately elongate. Head and thorax pic-
eous ; elytra dark brown, paler at base, the surface
pubescent, moderately shining. Thorax more than halt'
as wide as long, slightly narrowed in front, base feebly
curved ; elytra very little wider than the thorax, nar-
rower behind, not densely punctured. Length ?>-4 mm.
(Fig. 140.)

Marion, Clark and Posey counties; scarce.
March 25-May 21. Those from Marion County
were taken from the ticsl of a shrew.

547 (1730). CHOLEVA CLAVICOBNIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.

1853, 281.

Oval, slightly oblong. Head and thorax dark brown, or piceous; elytra
pale brown, pubescent. Antenna? scarcely reaching hind angles of thorax,
picerms, the apical and two basal joints paler. Thorax twice as wide as
long, the surface rather densely punctate. Elytra oval, gradually narrowed
to apex, not wider than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Kosciusko. Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. March
18- August 17.

*54S (1732). CHOLEVA TERMINANS Lee., Agass. Lake Sup., 1850, 218.

Oblong-oval. Piceous or brownish, finely pubescent. Antenna? as in
claricorms. Thorax twice as wide at base as long; sides curved and nar
rowed to front; hind angles rectangular, surface finely and densely punctiv
late. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, gradually narrowing to apex ; su
tural stria rather deeply impressed; surface not densely punctate. Length
2.5-3 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent, Hibernates as imago. April
12-December 5. Taken in deserted nests of mice; also on dead
hens and fungi.

V. PRIONOCH/ETA Horn. 1880. (Gr., "a saw + bristle.")

Here belongs a single medium-sized black species having the an-
tenna 1 as long as head and thorax, the last four joints abruptly
shorter than those preceding ; middle tarsi of male not dilated.

549 (1734>). PRIONOCH/ETA OPACA Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. V, 1825.
184 ; ibid. II, 289.

Oblong-oval, slightly narrower behind the middle, the thoracic and ely-
tral margins nearly continuous. Black, feebly shining, clothed with short,
dark brown hairs; antennae piceous, the apex and base paler. Thorax less
I ban twice as wide as long; hind angles obtuse, surface finely and densely

THE CARRTON BEETLES. 281

punctulate. Elytra as wide and a little more than twice as long as thorax,
rather densely puuctulate, substriate near the tip, the sntural stria distinct.
Length 5 nim. (Fig. 139, I.)

Throughout the State, but scarce. April 13-August 12. Usu-
ally oil fungi, but sifted from nests of rabbits in spring and beaten
from vegetation in June.

VI. PTOMOPHAGUS Illig. 17 ( JS. (dr., "a corpse + eat.")

Small oval or slightly oblong-brownish beetles, having the eighth
antennal joint always shorter and usually slightly narrower than
the seventh and ninth. The surface of elytra, and often that of
thorax, is transversely finely wrinkled instead of being punctate.
Four species are known from Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PTOMOPHAGUS.

(i. Eighth joint of antenna? very short and transverse. somewhat narrower

than the seventh and ninth.

b. Thorax transversely strigose or finely wrinkled ; elytra very obliquely
strigose. (Fig. 139, c.) 550. CONSOBRIIYC s.

6&. Thorax punctate, rarely strigose near the margin.

c. Inner spur of hind tibhe as long as the first tarsal joint; thorax
of same color as elytra. 551. OBLITU.S.

cc. Inner spur of hind tibhe less than half the length of first tarsal
joint; thorax distinctly darker than elytra. 552. ITSLO.

. Eighth joint of auteuiue at least half the length of the ninth and scarce-
ly narrower ; thorax rather densely punctate. 553. PARASITES.

550 (1735). PTOMOPHAGUS CON.SOBRINUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

VI, 1853, 281.

Oblong-oval, somewhat wedge-shaped. Dark brown or piceous, feebly
shining, pubescent; legs and aiiteniue at base paler. Thorax one-third
wider at base than lung, hind angles acutely rectangular. Elytra gradually
narrowing to near apex, the latter suddenly obliquely narrowed. Length
2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 139, c.)

Putnam and Posey counties : scarce. April 17-May 7. The
fine wrinkles on the surface of both thorax and elytra show very
prettily beneath a lens.

551 (1740). PTOMOPHAGUS OBLITUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1853,

282.

Resembles the next species, but differs by characters given in key and
by its larger size. Head piceous ; thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown.
Hind angles of thorax more obtuse and sutural striae of elytra less im-
pressed than in pusio. Length 2-2.2 mm.

Lawrence County; scarce. June 11. Taken from carrion-
baited traps. Known from Georgia and Florida.

282 FAMILY VIII.

552 (1741). PTOMOPHAGUS PUSIO Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1859,

282.

Oval, slightly oblong, narrowed in front and behind the middle. Dark
chestnut brown, head and thorax piceous, moderately shining, pubescent.
Anteunre piceous, basal joints paler, eighth much shorter than ninth. Thorax
twice as wide as long, feebly narrowed in front, sides slightly curved, hind
angles rectangular, surface densely punctate. Elytra as wide as thorax,
sides feebly curved, tips obtuse; sutural stria deeply impressed, surface
transversely strigose. Length 1.5-2 mm.

Steuben and Putnam counties; rare. April 24-May 24. One
specimen on the former date from the deserted nest of rabbit.

553 (1742). PTOMOPHAGUS PARASITUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI,

1853, 282.

Oval, narrowed behind the middle. Dark reddish- or chestnut brown,
shining, finely pubescent; head and disk of thorax darker. Thorax a little
less than twice as wide at base as long, hind angles subrectaugular, surface
strigose on sides, rather densely punctate on disk. Apex of elytra obtuse.

Fig. 141. a, Colon thoiacicwn Horn; b, antenna of same; c, Colon magnicolle Mann.; d, front and hind legs of
C. hubbardi Horn, male; e, front tibiae and hind legs of C. paradomm Horn.

the fine wrinkles of surface coarser, more distant and less oblique than in
consobriinis. Length 2 mm.

Posey and Putnam counties ; frequent, in the nests of large black
and reddish-brown ants, Camponotus pennsylvanicus BeG., and C.
ferrugineus Fab. March 25-May 12.

VII. COLON Herbst, 1797. (Gr., "a joint or limb.")

Small, oval, brownish or piceous species, narrowed behind the
middle and having the surface punctured and finely pubescent;
eyes nearly round, moderately prominent; antennas rarely passing
the middle of thorax, joints 8-11, forming an oblong, rather com-
pact club (Fig. 4, No. 3.) ; middle coxae separated, the mesosteruum
not carinate. Males with front spur of front tibiae short, stout,
with the sides dentate or lobed, and with larger spur of middle and
hind tibiae slender but abruptly dilated from the middle to base.
The following species have been taken or may occur in the State :

THE CAREION BEETLES. 283

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF COLON.

(/. Hiiid femora of male with a long tooth on the inner margin near the
tip; hind tibi.-e curved. (Fig. 141, (I.) HUBBARDI.

aa. Hind femora of male without trace of tooth.

1). Hind angles of thorax distinct, sometimes acutely rectangular.

c. Body broader in front, the elytra rather rapidly narrowing to apex,

with feebly curved sides.

d. Surface snbopaque, densely punctured ; sutural stria entire ;
larger. 2.5-3 mm. (Fig. 141. c.) MAGNICOLLE.

dd. Surface rather shining: thorax sparsely punctate; sutural stria
evanescent near base: smaller, not over l.o mm.

554. PUSILLUM.
cc. Body oblong-oval, not wider in front; elytra behind the humeri

usually wider than thorax, the latter with coarse, rather deep
punctures, with finer ones in the intervals. (Fig. 141. (/ and !>.}

THORACICUM

b1). Hind angles of thorax obtuse or rounded.

(/. Color piceous, legs reddish-brown ; middle tibia? of male straight.

ASPERATUM.

dd. Color reddish-brown; middle tibia? of male distinctly curved.

555. OBLONGUM.

C. hubbardi Horn, piceous to reddish-brown in line and 2.5 mm.
in length, is known from Michigan and Ohio. C. magnicolle Mann.,
piceous in color, occurs in Michigan and Pennsylvania.

554 (1752). COLOX prsiLLVM Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VIII, 1880,

273.

Oblong-oval, evidently broader in front. Dull reddish-brown, finely
pubescent. Antenna? pale, reaching middle of thorax, the last joint as long
as preceding and obtuse. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly
curved and narrowing to front, disk finely not densely punctate. Elytra as
wide at base as thorax, surface rather densely and roughly punctate.
Length 2 ram.

Marion. Lawrence and Posey counties ; scarce. April 21-May
16. Taken by sifting debris from about the base of trees. One
male has a minute tooth arising from the middle of hind femora
and is to be referred to C. putum Horn, which is probably synony-
mous.

C. thoracicum Horn, reddish-brown, the elytra with a central
dark cloud, length 2.5 mm., was described from Missouri and the
District of Columbia. C. asperatum Horn, length 2 mm., is known
from Michigan and Illinois.

555 ( ). COLON OBLONGUM sp. nov.

Oblong-oval. Dark reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with fine yellowish
hairs. Head densely and finely punctate; antenna? reaching middle of
thorax, the apical joint paler, not longer and slightly narrower than tenth.

284 FAMILY VIII. SIL

Thorax one-half wider than long, sides feebly curved, hind angles obtusely
rounded; disk coarsely and very densely punctate. Elytra as wide at base
as thorax, thence feebly tapering to apex, sides nearly straight ; disk dense-
ly, finely and rather roughly punctate. Male with three joints of front
tarsi broadly dilated, middle tibia? strongly curved, hind ones straight.
Length 2.5 mm.

Clark and Pusey counties: scarce. April 21-May 6. Taken by
sifting.

Tribe IV. ANISOTOMINI.

This tribe comprises species of small ske, having the body oval,
convex, sometimes capable of being contracted into a hemispherical
ball; front cox:e conical, contiguous, prominent, with trochantin,
the coxal cavities narrowly closed behind; hind coxa3 contiguous;
abdomen with six segments. They live for the most part either in
decomposing fungi or under the bark of dead trees. Seven genera
are known to be represented in Indiana, while two others may
occur.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ANISOTOM1NI.

<i. Head without autenual grooves beneath.

l>. Hind tarsi five-jointed; mes.isternum m-t carinate; autenual club live-
jointed. IlYDNOBIUS.
1>1>. Hind tarsi with less than five juints: aiesosternuia cariuate.

c. Antenna 1 club five-jointed; length 2.5-4 mm. VIII. ANISOTOMA.
re. Antenna 1 club three-jointed, elongate, louse; smaller, not over '2
mm. ; elytra with tine transverse wrinkles. IX. COLENIS.

itu. Head with distinctly limited autenual grooves.
<l. Antennal club more than three-jointed.

c. Antenna 1 club five-jointed, elongate. (Fig. 4. No. 0.)

/. Fi.rm broadly oval or hemispherical, convex; frontal suture well
marked; tarsi unlike in the sexes, prosternuin short in front
of coxa k . X. LIOIJES.

/'/'. Form oblong-elliptical, subdepressed ; frontal suture wholly lack-
ing; prnsteruum long before the coxae. XI. STETHOLIODES.
ee. Antennal club four-jointed; number of tarsal joints the same in
both sexes. XII. CYRTUSA.

'/</. Antennal club three-jointed; tarsi unlike in the sexes.

//. Antciin.-i- ten-jointed. ISOPLASIVS.

</.'/. Antenna; eleven-jointed.

//. Hind tarsi four-jointed; ruesostermun not carinate between the
middle coxa 1 ; body strongly contractile.

XIII. AGATHIDIUM.
////. Hind tarsi three-jointed; inesosternum strongly carinate.

XIV. AGLYPTUS.

THE CARRION BEETLES.

285

Hydnoibius substriatiis Lee., piceous or dark chestnut l)ro\vn,
labrum deeply bilobed, hind femora of male with a subquadrale
tooth, length 2-2.5 mm., is a boreal species which may occur in
northern Indiana.

VIII. ANISOTOMA Tllig. 1798. (Gr., "unequal + joint.")

Oval or oblong-oval species having the head short, not prolonged
in front, of the eyes; antenna? short, 11 -jointed, joints 7 to 11, form-
ing an abrupt oblong club, the eighth very short and narrower
than the seventh or ninth ;
last joint of maxillary pal-
pi longer than the third,
cylindrical and slightly
acuminate at tip ; front
and middle tarsi in both
sexes with five joints, hind
ones with four. One spe-
cies has been taken in In-
diana, while three others
may occur.

Fig. 142. a,Anisotumn rniidn Horn; >>, hind leg of A. assim-
i/is Lee.; (o) femur of A. ccnjiita,ma\e, (b) femur of A. obsoletn.
male; c, Clambiis gibbvhs I.ec.; (a) antenna of same.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ANISOTOMA.

a. Mesosternum oblique between the middle cox:e.

6. Punctures of elytral intervals tiner than those of stria>.

c. Hind femora of male obtusely serrulate or crenulate ; hind tibhe
slender and strongly curved. (Fig. 142, b.) ASSIMILIS.

cc. Hind femora of male simple, neither dentate nor serrulate; hind
tibia? scarcely longer or more curved than in female.

556. PUNCTATOSTRIATA.

&6. Punctures of elytral intervals and strke equal in size; outer end of
hind femora of male forming an acute hook. (Fig. 142 (o).)

CONFERTA.

da. Mesosteruum vertical between the coxa?; elytra without subhumeral
stria?. (Fig. 142 (?>).) OHSOLETA.

A. assimilis Lee., piceous or dark reddish-brown, length 3.5-4
mm., is a boreal species, ranging from New Hampshire to Michigan
and westward.

556 (1772). ANISOTOMA PUNCTATOSTRIATA Kirby, Faun. Bur. Amer.. IV,

1837, 110.

Oval, slightly oblong, convex. Dull brownish-yellow, shining. Thorax
twice as wide as long, gradually narrower from base to apex, the latter
emarginate, base truncate; hind angles rectangular, surface sparsely and
finely punctate. Elytra oval, surface with eight rows of c.-arse, closely
placed punctures, the eighth abbreviated at base, also with a rather long

286

FAMILY VIII. SILPHID^.

subhumeral row of punctures; intervals flat, shining', sparsely punctulate.
the alternate ones with a few widely distant, coarser punctures. Length
2.5 mm.

Pine, Lake County, and near Clear Lake, Steuben County;
scarce. May 2-May 25. A member of the boreal fauna. Resem-
bles a small Pall odes pall id 'is, a common fungus beetle of the family
Nitidulidae.

A. confcrta Lee., piceous. elytra paler, length 2.5 mm., is known
from Illinois. A. obsoleta Melsh., reddish-yellow or pale chestnut-
brown, length 1.5-2.5 mm., is said to occur from the Atlantic to
Colorado.

IX. COLENIS Erichs. 1832. (Gr., "knee.")

Here belongs one minute pale species having the labrum emar-
ginate; last joint of maxillary palpi cylindrical; antenna? 11-
jointed, joints 9-11 forming a loose, oblong club : tarsi 5-4-4 in
both sexes.

Fig. 143. a, Colenis irnpunctata Lee.; b, Liodes gcminata Horn; c, Cyrtusn blandissima Zimui.; d, hind leg
and middle tibiae of male of same; e, hind leg of C. egtna Lee., male. (After Horn.)

557 (1781). COLENIS IMPUNCTATA Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI.

1853. 284.

Broadly oval, convex, not contractile. Uniform pule reddish-brown,
shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, much narrowed in front,
apex feebly emarginate, surface smooth, hind angles rectangular. Elytra
broadly oval, nearly as wide as long; surface finely transversely strigose.
Length 1.5-2 mm. (Fig. 143, a.)

Throughout the State; frequent. April 22-December 7. Oc-
curs especially in fleshy fungi on beech stumps.

X. LIODES Latr. 1796. (Gr.. "smooth.")

Small oval or hemispherical beetles having well defined oblique
antennal grooves on under surface of head; clypeus slightly pro-
longed beyond the front; labrum usually truncate; antenna? 11-
jointed, joints 7-11 forming an elongate loose club (Fig. 4, No. 6) ;
tarsal joints 5-5-4 in males, 5-4-4 in females. They live in patches

THE CARRION BEETLES. 287

of powdery fungus on logs and dead trees, and are usually common
where found. The following have been taken or probably occur in
the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LIODES.

a. Elytra with regular rows of punctures.

6. Ninth row of punctures marginal in the greater part of its length,

distant from the margin at base only.
c. Elytra strongly sinuate at sides, the ninth stria very distant from

margin at base.

d. Intervals of elytra distinctly punctulate. GLOBOSA.

dd. Intervals smooth or nearly so. POLITA.

cc. Elytra not sinuate at sides, the ninth stria not very distant at
base; intervals smooth. 558. DISCOLOR.

66. Ninth row of punctures distant from the margin its entire length ;
elytra not sinuate. BLANCHARDI.

<ia. Elytra with more or less confused rows of punctures.
e. Ninth row distant from margin its entire length.

/. Punctures of stria? rather coarse, those of intervals very fine.

559. BASALIS.
ff. Punctures of striae fine, those of intervals quite evident.

OBSOLETA.

ee. Ninth stria marginal, distant from margin for a short distance at
base only ; rows of punctures much confused, forming nearly double
strife. (Fig. 143, 6.) GEMINATA.

L. globosa Lee. and L. polita Lee., both piceous black and 3-3.5
mm. in length, have been recorded from Kentucky.

558 (1784). LIODES DISCOLOR Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. II, 1844,

103.

Hemispherical, very little longer than wide. Piceons-black above, red-
dish-piceous beneath, shining. Thorax without punctures, the hind angles
rectangular. Elytra as wide as long, each with eight entire rows of rather
coarse punctures, the ninth distant from the margin at base, but joining it
slightly behind the middle; intervals flat, smooth, the alternate ones with
a very few distant coarse punctures. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Marion and Posey counties scarce. June 6-August 3.

L. blanchardi Horn, was described from Massachusetts and has
been since recorded from Cincinnati.

559 (1787). LIODES BASALIS Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 285.

Broadly oval, convex, shining. Piceous black; elytra with humeral
space of varying width, extending from sides almost to suture, orange-red.
Thorax minutely and sparsely puuctulate. Elytra with eight entire rows
of rather fine, much confused punctures, the rows appearing double. Length
2.5 mm.

Posey and Perry counties; scarce. May 1-May 20,
[1923402]

288 FAMILY VIII. SILPHID^E.

559a (17S7a). LIODES BASALIS DICHEOA Lee., loc. cit.

A variety of basnlis which differs in having the elytra either entirely
orange-red, or the suture and apex only, black.

Jennings and Posey counties: scarce. May 25-July 12.

L. obsoleta Horn and L. genii it at a Horn, both piceous black, the
former 2-3 mm., the latter 3-3.5 mm. in length, are said to range
from New England and Canada to Virginia and Illinois.

XI. STETHOLIODES Fall. 1910. (Gr.. "breast + smooth.")

Oblong-elliptical, snbdepressed ; labrnm curved in front with a
small, shallow median notch : prosternnm as long before the coxae
as the thickness of the latter from front to back; mesosternum
strongly oblique; other characters nearly as in Liodcs. One species
is known.

560 (- -). STETHOLIODES LATICOLLIS Fall, Can. Ent., XLII. 1910, 4.

Form given above. Dull reddish-yellow, shining. Antennae reaching
hind angles of thorax, third joint as long as the three following, seventh
larger than eighth, the latter equal to sixth, ninth to eleventh much larger.
Thorax about twice as long as wide, a little wider than elytra, sides broad-
ly curved and gradually narrowed from base to apex, hind angles sub-
rectangular; disk minutely alutaceous, finely and sparsely punctate. Ely-
tra more than twice as long as thorax, each with nine regular rows of
punctures, the outer one distant from the margin; intervals nearly flat.
sparsely and irregularly punctulate. Length 2.7 nun.

Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
The unique specimen is in the collection of Mr. Fall.

XII. CYRTUSA Erichs. 1842. (Gr., "to curve or bend.")

This genus is composed of very small, oval, convex forms (Fig.
143, r.), having the antenna? 10- jointed, with a four- jointed club
and with joints 4 to 6, very short, together not longer than the third.
The front and middle tarsi in both sexes are composed of five joints,
while the hind ones have but four.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CYRTUSA.

". Elytra punctured over the entire surface, the rows of punctures often
much confused. 561. PICIPENNIS.

mi. Elytra! intervals smooth and shining, the rows of punctures distinct.

562. EGENA.

561 (1790). CYRTUSA PICIPENNIS Lee., New Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 25.
Oval, strongly convex. Uniform chestnut or dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front, hind
angles distinct but obtuse, surface rather sparsely and very finely punc-

.TlIK CAUETON HEKTLKS.

289

tate. Elytra broadly oval, continuing the curve of the thorax; surface
irregularly punctate, sometimes with larger punctures forming sinuous rows
near the sides and suture. Hind femora of male with a broad, acute tooth
at apex. Length 1.6-2 mm.

Starke County; rare. June 17. Larger and darker than egena,
with the legs less thickened and the tarsi more slender.
562 (1792). CYRTUSA EGENA Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. 185:'., l's4.

Oval or subglobose, very convex. Pale brownish-yellow, shining. Thorax
more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in front; surface sparsely and
very finely punctate. Elytra each with eight somewhat irregular rows of
very fine punctures; intervals flat, smooth, or rarely with a few fine punc-
tures. Tarsi very short and much compressed. Length 1-1.5 mm. (Fig.
143, e.)

Marshall, Monroe and Perry counties ; scarce. May 1 6-June 10.

Isoplastus fossor Horn, hemispherical or broadly oval, very con-
vex, reddish-yellow in line, length 1.5-2 mm., was described from
Detroit, Michigan, and the District of Columbia.

XIII. AGATHIDIUM Illig. 1798. (Gr., "good -f little one.")

Very small black or piceous shining beetles having the labrum
short, rounded in front; antenna? with joints 4-8 small, gradually
broader, 9-11 forming an
oblong rather loose club.
They occur beneath bark f
or in fungi and are more
or less contractile, some of
them having the power to
roll themselves into a very

Convex rounded maSS, With Fig. 144. a, Agathidium oniscoides; b, upper, same, contracted;

n [lower, ^4. politum (male) contracted; c, Aglyptus lavis; a, antenna

the legs bent under and] ; f same.

completely hidden. Three species have been taken in Indiana, while

another probably occurs.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF AGATHIDIUM.

"IT^Mesosternuui continuous on the same plane with the metasternum, mod-
erately separating the middle coxae and subcarinate in front ; elytra
polished, without punctures; third joint of antennae longer than sec-
ond.

&. Larger species ; sutural striae very fine. 563. ONISCOIDES.

l>l>. Smaller species; sutural striae distinctly impressed.

r>r> 4. EXIGUUM.

(ia. Mesosternum vertical between the coxae, which it narrowly separates,
not carinate in front; hind angles of thorax broadly rounded; body
very convex and contractile.

290 FAMILY VIII. SILPHID/E.

c. Surface very smooth, wholly piceous. 565. POLITUM.

cc. Elytra distinctly punctulate, each usually with two large oblique

yellow spots. PULCHRUM.

563 (1794). AGATHIDII M ONISCOIUES Beauv., Ins. At'r. et Amer., 1805, 1GO.
Body perfectly contractile. Black or piceous. smooth and shining. Thorax

nearly twice as wide as long, apex deeply emarginate. front angles broadly
rounded. Elytra, viewed from above, almost circular in outline. Length,
extended, 3.5-4 mm. (Fig. 144, a and upper Z>.)

Southern half of State; frequent; less so in the northern por-
tion. April 22-November 28. Occurs beneath bark, especially that
of logs bearing fungus growth.

564 (1795). AGATHIDIUM EXIGUUM Mels., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II.

1844, 103.

Resembles a small form of the preceding. Distinguished by its smaller
size, with the body less perfectly contractile; sutural stria distinct under
the lens. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Fosey and Marion counties; scarce. March 17-May 6.

*565 (1806). AGATHIDIUM POLITUM Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866,
370.

Oval, very convex, contractile. Color variable from reddish-brown to
piceous, shining. Thorax more than twice as wide as long, narrowed in
front, apex rather deeply emarginate, hind angles broadly rounded. Elytra
oval, nearly as wide as long, sutural stria rather long, finely impressed;
surface either smooth or, in the paler specimens, finely punctate. Length
2-2.5 mm. (Fig. 144, lower 6.)

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 30-December 25. Hi-
bernates as imago.

A. pulchrum Lee., thorax reddish-yellow with a large rounded
discal piceous space.; length 2.5-3 mm., has been taken in Kentucky.

XIV. AGLYPTUsLec. 1866. (Gr.. "without + sculpture.")

In this genus the head is broad and flat, with distinct antennal
grooves beneath; antenna? 11 -jointed, the last three joints forming
an oblong club, the terminal one broader and longer than the tenth ;
tarsi slender, the front ones dilated and 4-jointed in the male. 3-
jointed in the female ; middle and hind ones 3-jointed in both sexes.
One very small species occurs in the eastern United States, including
Indiana.

566 (1809). AGLYPTUS L^EVIS Lee., Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1853, 284.

Oval, strongly convex, very little longer than wide. Piceous, or dark
reddish-brown, strongly shining ; surface without sculpture. Thorax with
margin and base translucent; hind angles rectangular. Length 1-1.5 mm.
(Fig: 144, c.)

THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 291

Putnam, Monroe and Posey counties; rare. March 6-July 10.
Taken by sifting.

Tribe V. CLAMBINI.

Very small oblong or globose-oval species having the hind coxa
contiguous with plates covering the thighs ; tarsi four-jointed, tibiae
without spurs. Our only species of the tribe belongs to the genus :

XV. CLAMBUS Fischer. 1820. (Gr., "mutilated.")

The members of this genus have the elytra not margined at the
sides and without epipleura; hind coxal plates wide; antenna? 9-
jointed, arising close to the eyes, the club 2-jointed ; abdomen with
five segments visible. Two species probably occur in the State,
though but one has been taken.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CLAMBUS.

a. Surface smooth, shining, without punctuation or pubescence.

GIBBULUS.

aa. Surface sparsely pubescent ; elytra rather densely and finely puuctulate
behind the middle. 507. PUBEKULUS.

C. gibbulus Lee., globose-oval, piceous-black, length 1 mm., is
said to occur from Canada to Texas., but has not yet been recog-
nized from Indiana. (Fig. 142, c.)

567 (1S13). CLAMBUS PUBERULUS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1866, 26.

Globose-oval. Piceous or dull sooty brown, h'nely and sparsely pubes-
cent; elytra paler toward the tips; legs and antenna? dull brownish-yelluw.
Head and thorax very finely and sparsely puuctulate. Elytra more dis-
tinctly punctulate, very sparsely on the disk, gradually more dense to the
tips. Length 1 mm.

Marion and Monroe counties; scarce. April 23-October 15.
Taken from window of cellar in which wood had been stored and
from debris in beech stump.

Family IX. SCYDM^ENID^E.
THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES.

Very small, shining, oval, convex species, brownish or piceous in
hue and usually having the upper surface rather thickly clothed
with erect hairs. They occur beneath bark or stones in moist locali-
ties; also often in ants' nests, and are frequently on the wing at
twilight. From the smaller Silphidse, to which they are closely re-
lated, they differ by having the hind coxa j separated and the facets

292 FAMILY IX. - SCYDM/ENm/E.

of the eye coarser. In general form and size they resemble the
Pselaphida?, but the elytra are always entire and the tarsi 5- instead
of 3-jointed.

In addition to the characters mentioned, they have the maxillary
palpi long, the last joint very small; antermne inserted upon the
front, at the inner margin of the eyes, gradually thickened or slight-
ly club-shaped toward apex; prosternum not visible between the
eoxa3; elytra convex, covering the abdomen, the latter with six free
ventral segments ; front coxie conical, prominent, contiguous ; middle
ones somewhat distant ; hind ones small, conical or transverse, often
widely separated ; tarsi 5-jointed. claws simple. Nearly 700 species
are known, about 175 of which are from the United States. These
are treated in the following papers :

LeConte. "Synopsis of the Scydma'nidii? of the United States,"
in- Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI. 1852. 149-157.

Casey. -"Revision of the Scydnm j n.i<.hv of the United States,"
in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897, 351-548.

In his Revision, Casey divided the family into two subfamilies,
only one of which, the Scydmtenina?, is represented in Indiana. The
principal distinguishing characters given of this subfamily are as
follows: Antenna? generally distinctly clavate, usually elbowed.
but with the basal joint short or moderate in length ; hind coxae
transverse or transversely oval ; metasternum large ; abdomen short ;
elytra never striate or with rows of punctures. The subfamily is
separated into ten tribes, four of which arc 1 known to be repre-
sented in the State, while two others may be.

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF

(/. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi awl-shaped, finely aciculate and oblique;

antenna- widely separated at base.
?>. Prosternum short and deeply sinuate before the cox;x> ; neck short and

abruptly constricted.

c. Xeck narrow; eyes in front of middle of head; srutellum wanting.

Tribe I. EIVONNIXI, p. -!">.

<<. Xeck wide: eyes basal or sub-basal in position; srutellum always
present. Tribe II. SCVD.M.KXINI, p. 301.

hh. ProsternniH rather long and pubescent before the cnx:e; thorax ob-
oval : length less than .8 of a millimetre.

Tribe III. OPRESINI, p. 302.
mi. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi obtuse, never awl-shaped, obscure or

fused rigidly to the apex of third, sometimes wanting.
(I. Hind coxae transverse, extending to the sides of the body; antennae
widely separated at base.

THE AXT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. '2!K!

r. Head deeply inserted and strongly dertexed. the neck invisible;
eyes basal, frequently wanting: elytra mure or less rounded at
tip; scutellum large and distinct; prosternmn very short and
deeply euiarginate before the cox.-r.

Tribe IV. CEPHENIINI, p. 302.

<<: Head exserted and but feebly inclined, the neck exposed and con-
stricted; eyes sub-basal; third palpal joint obconic; prosternmn
rather long and well developed before the coxte.

Tribe V. EUTHEITNI, p. 303.

dil. Hind coxae oval, not reaching the sides of body; antennie inserted
close together at the apex of the front ; neck strongly constricted ;
hind trochantins elongate: pygidium vertical or greatly inclined.

Tribe VI. EUMICRINI, p. 303.

Tribe I. EUCONNINI.

The special characters of this tribe are set forth in the above
table. Three of the six genera recognized by Casey are represented
in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUCONNINI.

a. Thorax with two or more fove;e near the basal margin.

b. Third joint of maxillary palpi obconic. gradually narrowed toward
base; antennal club three- or four-jointed. I. EUCONNUS.

lih. Third joint very slender, abruptly elavate in front of middle; b dy
glabrous; head large; antennal club four-jointed.

II. 1'YCNOPIH'S.

(/</. Thorax without fovete. tin. ugh often more or less transversely impressed
near base, conical in form and never narrowed at base nor carinate
near hind angles. III. CONNOPHRON.

I. EUCONNUS Thorns. iSfiO. (Or., "to know well.")

Head exserted, the eyes in front of middle; thorax oblong, more
or less narrowed at base and with at least two foveae or pits near
the hind margin. Six species have been recognized from the State,
while two others may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF KfCONNUS.

a. Antenual club four-jointed.

ft. Elytra with long, erect and very sparse hairs; head sparsely pubes-
cent; clypeus separated from the front by a tine suture.
c. Head much narrower than thorax; secondary sexual characters of

male on third and fourth ventral segments.

(1. Carina on side of thorax visible only at base; secondary male
characters large and conspicuous; piceous, the disk of elytra
reddish. 56S. CLAVIPES.

<ld. Carina on side of thorax long and distinct; sec ndary male char-
acters feeble; black, elytra red. 5fiO. SEMIRFBER.

204- FAMILY IX.

cc. Head almost as wide as thorax: secondary male characters cou-
h'ned to the sixth ventral ; antenual club stronger, more abrupt
and more bead-like. BICOLOR.

bb. Elytra very pubescent; head with dense, stiff hairs directed back-
ward; clypeo-frontal suture absent; antenna? with a short abrupt
club, the eighth and ninth joints subequal in width.
c. Larger, 1.6 mm.; elytra not concave toward base; eighth antennal
joint as large as ninth. 570. OCCULTUS.

cc. Smaller, not over 1.2 mm. ; eighth antennal joint distinctly smaller
than ninth. 571. SIMILIS.

wo. Antennal club 3-jointed.

f. Head and elytra glabrous; thorax with t'ovir basal foveoe; antenna?
long and slender, the joints all longer than wide.

572. SALINATOR.

ff. Head and elytra distinctly but sparsely pubescent; thorax with a
well defined carina each side extending obliquely to base; antennal
club darker in color than the stem.
(j. Eighth antennal joint fully as long as wide; elytra not inflated.

573. FATXJUS.
gg. Eighth joint distinctly wider than long, the club stouter. DEBILIS.

568 (1838). EUCONNUS CLAVIPES Say, Long's Sec. Exped., II, 1824, 272;

ibid. I, 179.

Oval, feebly inflated. Head black ; thorax and under surface piceous ;
elytra dark reddish-brown, shining, the sides and tips blackish ; antennae
and legs reddish-brown. Antenna? slender, three-fifths as long as body, the
last four joints longer than wide and one-half thicker than those of stem.
Thorax as long as wide, narrowed at base, broadly rounded in front, the
fovere deep, distinct. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, each with a small
deep fovea at middle of base and a rather strong humeral fold. Four front
femora strongly club-shaped. Length 1.5 mm.

Lake. Marshall and Crawford counties ; frequent in Lake, scarce
in the others. March 26-May 28. The fourth and fifth ventral
segments of males each bear a short, thick discal plate, subdentate
on sides.

569 (- -). EUCONNUS SEMIRUBER Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., IX, 1897,

368.

Oval, rather robust. Black, shining, not punctate; elytra dull red;
antenna^ and legs reddish-piceous. Head not quite as long as wide; an-
teniue slender, half the length of body, the club loosely formed, its joints
gradually larger. Thorax as long as wide, feebly narrowed at base; trans-
verse impression distinct, the fovea? minute. Elytra two-fifths longer than
wide, twice as wide as thorax; humeral fold long and strong; subhumeral
impression long, wide and deep. Length 1.3-1.5 mm.

Marion County; scarce. December 1. Taken in nest of ants
from beneath beech log. Described from northern and central
Illinois,

THE ANT-LTKE STONE BEETLES. 295

570 (- -). EUCONNUS OCCULTUS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. IX, 1897.

372.

Rather narrow, feebly inflated. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining.
Head wider than long, broadly rounded at base. Antenna? one-half the
length of body, the club abrupt, its joints wider than long. Thorax as long
as wide, but slightly wider than head, sides rounded in front, sinuate be-
hind; disk sparsely clothed with suberect hairs and with two fovea?. eacli
side near base, the outer one very small. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
each with a humeral fold, and a fovea near middle of base : disk minutely
and sparsely punctate and rather thickly clothed with yellowish suberect
hairs. Length l.G mm.

Marshall, Putnam and Marion counties: scarce. May 20-No-
vember 30. Taken by sifting decaying vegetable debris.

571 ( -). EUCONNUS SIMILIS sp. nov.

Shorter and more robust than occultux. Rather dark reddish-brown,
shining; antenna? and legs paler. Head almost as wide as thorax, its sides
with dense, bristle-like hairs directed backward. Antenna? short, stout,
slightly longer than head and thorax, the joints bead-like, eighth to tenth
rounded, less transverse than in occult us; eighth two-thirds the size of
ninth, which is equal to tenth ; eleventh one-half longer. Thorax as long
as wide, sides nearly straight, disk sparsely pubescent and with a deep,
transverse impression at base ; this, with a rather large fovea each side
near the hind angles. Elytra ovate, together one-half wider and twice as
long as thorax; humeral fold short, feeble; basal fovea? small, shallow;
surface sparsely clothed with tine yellowish pubescence. Length 1.2 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 17.

572 (1841). EUCONNUS SALINATOR Lee., Proc. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., VI.

1852, 154.

Rather robust. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra with a dark reddish
tinge; antenna? black, reddish-brown at base. Head nearly as long as wide;
occiput with a bristle-bearing puncture each side. Antenna? with joints
3-7 equal, eighth one-half longer, ninth and tenth slightly longer and one-
half thicker than eighth. Thorax as long as wide, but slightly wider than
head ; disk clothed with erect black hairs and with four fovea? at base, the
inner two the larger. Elytra two-fifths lunger than wide, two-thirds -wide-
than thorax; without humeral fold, but each with a deep fovea at middle
of base. Length 1.5 mm.

Lake and Posey counties ; scarce. March 26-April 27.

573 (1842). EUCONNUS FATUUS Lee., Proc. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., VI, 1S52.

155.

Rather stout, feebly inflated. Piceous-black, shining, finely and sparse-
ly pubescent ; legs and antenna? dull brownish-yellow, the club darker. Head
rounded, not quite as long as wide; nearly as wide as tin. rax. Antenna 1
slender, slightly longer than bead and thorax; club abrupt and parallel,
the ninth and tenth joints nearly twice as wide as eighth. Thorax n-it
quite as long as wide, sides rounded; disk with a transverse basal impres-

296 FAMILY IX. SCYDJL-ENIDyE.

siou marked with four small fovea?. Elytra nearly three-fourths wider than
thorax; the humeral folds rather long and strongly marked, each with a
deep fovea at base. Length 1 mm.

Kcs'.-iusko County; scarce. June 24. Sifted from moss in tam-
arack swamp.

K. dcbilis Casey, deep black, length .7 mm. was described from
Detroit.

II. PYCNOPHUS Casey. 1897. (Gr. "compact.")

Head large, truncate at base; neck strongly constricted; an-
tenna' widely separated at base; third joint of maxillary palpi
long. Ihc basal half forming a long and slender peduncle.

574 (1834). PYCNOPiirs KASUS Lee.. Proc. Phil. Ac-ad. Nat. Sci., VI, 1S52.

153.

Rather stout. Uniform pale reddish-brown, shining, nearly glabrous.
Head wider than long, wider than apex of thorax. Autemue longer than
head and thorax, the joints of club gradually increasing in size. Thorax
slightly longer than wide, sides parallel from base to middle, thence con-
verging to apex; disk somewhat flattened and with a small hut deep fovea
near each hind angle. Elytra twice as wide as thorax, sides broadly and
evenly curved; humeral fold short and broad, basal i'ove;e small and deep.
Length 1.0-1.8 mm.

Lake, Starke. Marshall and Marion counties; scarce. May 20-
December 30. Occurs in nests of ants and beneath logs in sandy
places.

III. COXNOPHRON Casey. 1897.

A large genus of closely allied species having the thorax coni-
cal, without basal fovea"; body rather stout and inflated; head mod-
erate in size, convex ; eyes placed in front of middle ; maxillary
palpi with third joint elongate and obconic. the fourth small, slen-
der and aciculate; femora, especially the front and middle ones,
usually strongly club-shaped. Casey has listed 82 species, of which
the following have been taken or may occur in Indiana :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CONNOPHKO.X.

/. P..-IMI! joint of hind tarsi not or scarcely longer than second, the first
four joints being subequal : hind tibia* of male rarely with a spur at
apex.
&. Antennal club 4-jointed, often gradually formed.

c. Clypeus toothed at middle of apical margin, the tooth sometimes

minute; length more than 1 mm.
(I. Elytral pubescence long, erect and generally fine.
c. Clypeal tooth large or moderate and distinct.
f. Species more than 1.5 nun. in length.

THE ANT-LI KK STONE BEETLES. 297

<j. Elytra strongly impressed each side of suture near base.
h. Elytra long, rather acutely pointed behind, fully one-
half longer than wide; blackish-piceous in color; length

2 mill. LONGIPENNE.

hit. Elytra shorter, more obtuse at apex, less than one-half
longer than wide, dull red, clouded with blackish be-
hind ; length 1.9 mm. 575. FORMALE.
gg. Elytra feebly or not at all impressed 011 basal half; black,
tibia? paler, tarsi yellowish. 576. FLAVITARSE.
ff. Species less than 1.3 mm. in length; thorax shorter than
wide, with sides straight; piceous black, the elytra paler.

DENTIGER.

ee. Clypeal tooth very minute.

i. Suture not at all elevated or headed toward base, the sub-

sutural impressions obsolete ; black, elytra red, blackish

toward tips. 577. FOSSIGEE.

ii. Suture more or less beaded toward base, the impressions

long and distinct: body black, throughout. FKMORALE.

dfl. Elytral pubescence coarse, shorter and recurved.

j. Antenna? stout, not longer than head and thorax, strongly cla-

vate, the next to last joints very transverse.
A'. Larger. 1.4-1.0 mm.; basal fovese of elytra strong, the outer
large. 578. CLAVICOKNE.

A'/r. Smaller, not over l.li mm.; basal fove:e small and feeble; an-
teunal club more nearly M-jointed. 57!). ABWC K.NS.

jj. Antenna' rather slender, much longer than head and thorax,
the next to last joints fully as long as wide; body narrowly
oval, pale dull yellow throughout. FURTIVUM.

cc. Clypeus without trace of median tooth.

7. Thorax without distinct transverse impression at base; elytral
suture beaded toward base, the pubescence long, even and sub-
erect ; color black. 580. IXTEGRUM.
U. Thorax with a distinct interrupted impression near base.
m,. Body more inflated; elytra always distinctly more than one-
half wider than thorax, the suture with a broad bead which
is broadly expanded at base; blackish-piceous, elytra dark
reddish-yellow. INNOCUUM.
mm. Body narrow and elongate, but convex ; elytra almost one-half
wider than thorax, the latter with transverse impression
strong; head large, nearly as wide as thorax.

5S1. CLAVATUM.

&6. Antennal club 3-jointed, abrupt; length not over 1 mm.

11. Clypeal tooth well developed, narrow and acute: antemue stouter:
'color dull brownish-yellow. 582. UEIJIT.ITANS.

nn. Clypeal tooth very minute, short and obtuse; antennal funicle
much more slender; hind body narrowly oval; pale chestnut
brown. 583. FTLVUM.

ua. Basal joint of hind tarsi elongate, always distinctly longer than sec-
ond, joints one to four decreasing rapidly in length; hind tibue of
male with a slender terminal spur.

20* FAMILY IX.

tj. Larger, 1.3 or more in length.

p. Color piceous or paler, the elytra generally reddish or dull yellow.
y. Length 1.6 mm. ; elytra with subhurneral impressions large, deep
and conspicuous; dark reddish-brown; elytra paler red.

584. CAPILLOSULUM.

qq. Smaller, 1.3 mm. ; thorax small, not much over one-half as wide
as elytra, strongly impressed near base ; color piceous.

POUTUM.

pp. Black throughout, elytra with at most a faint piceous tinge; legs
pale dull yellow, thorax more than half as wide as elytra.

NIGRUM.

oo. Smaller, not over .0 of one mm. in length : basal joint of hind tarsi
not as long as the next two combined ; color piceous black, the ely-
tra pale reddish-brown. PUMILUM.

C. lontfipenne and C. flat fir/a- were both described by Casey
from Iowa.

575 (_ _). COXXOPHRON FORMALE Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897.

402.

Elongate-oval, rather stout. Piceous-black ; elytra dark red. blackish
behind, thickly clothed with long bristling hairs; abdomen pale at apex;
legs and antenna? dark reddish-brown. Head slightly wider than long, clyp-
eal tooth distinct, triangular. Antemue one-half as long as body, club grad-
ually formed, the ninth joint but slightly longer than wide. Thorax as
wide at base as long, sides feebly curved, base one-fourth wider than head.
Elytra twice as long and nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold and
subhumeral impression well developed, basal fovese feeble; subsutural im-
pressions distinct. Length 1.9 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. March 20-October 21. Oc-
curs beneath bark and rubbish. Resembles fossiger but longer and
with the joints of antennal club more gradually thickened.

576 (1826). CONNOPHROK FLAVITARSE Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI,

1852, 152.

Elongate-oval, rather stout. Black, shining; elytra dull red except near
tips and thickly clothed with long fine hairs; legs reddish-piceous, tarsi pale
yellow. Head much wider than long, the clypeal tooth broadly triangular.
Antenna? less than half as long as body, the joints of club gradually increas-
ing in thickness. Thorax conical, not longer than wide, the base one-fourth
wider than head. Elytra one- ha If longer than wide, humeral fold strong, nf
moderate length, suture finely elevated toward base, the basal fovea dis-
tinct. Length 1.8 mm.

Marion and Posey counties; sc;ircc. April 21-November 28.

*r77 (1xi>7). COUNOPHRON FOSSIGER Lo<\. I'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.

1852, 152.

Unllier sfcnit. fusiform. Black; elytra reddish, blackish toward tips,
Ihirkly clothed with long pale hairs; legs and antenna? reddish-brown, the
femora blackish. Head wider than long, clypeal tooth small, triangular.

THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 299

Antennae half the length of body, the club abrupt, its joints increasing
feebly in thickness, eighth a little longer than wide, as long as tenth but
narrower. Thorax slightly longer than wide, the base nearly twice as wide
as apex, and one-third wider than head. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
three-fourths wider than thorax, each with two small foveaB at base ; sides
evenly curved, humeral fold and subhiuneral impression strong. Length
1.6 mm.

Starke, Vigo and Posey counties; scarce. January 6-June 27.
Occurs beneath chips and rubbish, especially in low, sandy, open
woods.

C. femorale Casey, 1.5 mm. in length was described from Iowa
and Michigan.

578 ( -). CONNOPHRON CLAVICORNE Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII,

1897, 417.

Rather stout, suboval. Uniform pale chestnut brown, polished ; pubes-
cence abundant, coarse, pale and conspicuous, that on elytra rather short
and suberect. Head semicircular behind the eyes ; clypeal tooth elongate
and slender. Antennre stout, shorter than head and thorax, the club large
and as long as the other joints together. Thorax conical, slightly wider
than long, sides nearly straight, apex more than half as wide as base. Ely-
tra oval, widest near middle; four-fifths wider than thorax; humeral fold
short but distinct ; outer fovere strong, subsutural impression faint. Length
1.4-1 .6 mm.

Wayne County; scarce. May 26. Occurs in nests of ants and
beneath logs.

579 ( ). CONNOPHRON ABDUCENS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,

418.

Narrowly suboval. Uniform pale reddish-brown; legs and antenna?
paler ; pubescence of elytra coarse, stiff and recurved. Head rather small,
rounded behind the eyes ; clypeal tooth rounded at tip. Antennae short
and stout, club almost three-jointed, the eighth joint only one-third thicker
than seventh ; ninth and tenth abruptly much wider and strongly trans-
verse. Thorax small, strongly conic ; slightly wider than long ; apex one-
half as wide as base. Elytra two-fifths longer than wide, three-fourths
wider than thorax ; humeral fold and usual impression almost obsolete ;
basal fovese small, subequal. Length 1.2 mm.

Steuben County; rare. May 25. Sifted from sphagnum moss.

C. furtivum, length 1.4 mm., and C. innocuum, length 1 mm.,
were both described by Casey from Illinois, the former from the
northern, the latter from the central portion of the State.

580 ( ). CONNOPHRON JNTEGRUM Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,

425.

Short, rather stout. Black, shining; elytra often with a feeble piceous
tinge, thickly clothed with rather long, suberect pale hairs ; legs and an-
tenna dark reddish-brown. Head wider than long, circularly rounded. An-

FAMILY IX. SCYDM/ENIDyE.

tenna?, long, slender, more than one-half the length of body, the club slender
and gradually formed ; eighth joint only one-third wider than seventh ; ninth
and tenth one-fifth wider than eighth. Thorax scarcely as long as wide,
sides distinctly curved, apex three-fifths as wide as base. Elytra three-
fourths wider than thorax, humeral fold long and strong, subhumeral im-
pressions large and deep, basal fovese large. Length 1.2 mm.

Lake, Starke. Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; frequent.
April 17-June 17. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris. The
front femora are very much enlarged.

581 (1836). CONNOPHKON CLAVATFM Lee.. Proc. Phil. Acacl. Nat. Sci., VI.

1852. 153.

I^longate. narrow. Dark reddish-yellow: head and thorax darker than
elytra, the latter rather thickly clothed with short, pale, recurved hairs;
antenme and legs paler. Head large, as wide as thorax. Antennae as long
as head and thorax, slender, the club sumewhat abrupt, the eighth joint
one-half wider than seventh, ninth and tenth subequal and one-fourth wider
than eighth. Thorax as long as wide, sides curved, converging in front,
apex three-fourths as wide as base; disk with deep, transverse sub-basal
impression. Elytra one-half wider than thorax, sides broadly curved, hu-
meral fold small, the inner basal fovea only distinct. Length 1.2 mm.

Crawford County; rare. May 24. One specimen in Dury col-
lection.

582 (- -). CONXOPHBON PEBILITANS Casey. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. VII.

1S9T, 446.

Rather narrowly oval. Pale chestnut brown, shining: elytra more red-
dish, dusky toward tips, rather thickly clothed with short, coarse, pale
hairs: legs pale yellow. Antennae stout, as long as head and thorax, club
abruptly 3-jointed. Thorax as long as wide, sides nearly straight, apex
three-fifths as wide as base. Elytra three-fourths wider than thorax, hu-
meral fold short and feeble ; inner fovea distinct, outer one obsolete. Length
1 mm.

Kosciusko, Putnam and Monroe counties; scarce. April 22-
June 20. Taken by sifting.

583 (1845). CONNOPHRON Ft'LVUM Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., VI.

1852, 155.

Narrowly suboval. Pale chestnut brown, shining; legs and antenn.-e
paler; elytra with numerous short, recurved pale hairs. Antenna? as 'oug
as head and thorax, club abrupt and 3-jointed. ninth and tenth joints equal
and globular, eleventh one-half longer. Thorax as long as wide, sides
feebly curved; base one-third wider than head. Elytra oval, one-half wider
than thorax, humeral fold very small, basal fovea; obsolete. Length .8-.0 mm.

Marion County; rare. December 1. Taken from nest of ants
in low, open woods.

THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 301

584 (1827). CONNOPHRON CAPILLOSULUM Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

VI, 1852, 152.

Rather stout and inflated. Dark reddish-brown ; elytra paler and brighter
red, thickly clothed with long, erect, pale hairs; legs paler. Antennae dull
yellow, long and slender, the club rather abrupt. Thorax slightly wider
than long, sides feebly curved, disk with a distinct sub-basal impression,
interrupted at middle. Elytra nearly twice as wide as thorax, humeral fold
long and strong, subhumeral impression large and conspicuous, inner fovea
distinct. Length 1.6 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties ; scarce. March 17-April 22.

C. politum Say has been taken in northern Illinois; C. nigrum
Casey was described from Michigan and C. pumilum Casey from
New York, Canada and Iowa.

In addition to those described, there are in the collection at hand
about eight species of Conn.ophron which I have not been able to
identify with Casey's key. Since his collection of types is inac-
cessible for reference, they are for the present left unnamed.

Tribe II. SCYDJVL33N1NI.

As at present restricted this tribe is represented in the United
States by only two genera, one of which occurs in Indiana,

IV. SCYDM^ENUS Latr. 1802. (Gr., "sad + colored.")

The members of this genus are distinguished from those of the
preceding tribe by the smaller thorax, which is more dilated in
front, narrowed toward base, the sides sinuate behind the middle ;
more elliptical and convex elytra ; wider neck ; antennas enlarged
toward apex but never with distinct club ; scutellum usually dis-
tinct ; legs long and well developed, the femora, especially the front
ones, distinctly clavate. But one species has been taken in the
State, though two others may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF SCYDM.ENUS.

a. Head not impressed; thorax with four sub-basal foveue; scutellum dis-
tinct.

6. Elytra feebly inflated and strongly but gradually narrowed behind;

body black. PERFORATUS.

b&. Elytra strongly inflated, less narrowed behind; piceous, the elytra

paler. 585. BADIUS.

aa. Head with two impressions on vertex; thorax with six sub-basal fovese;

scutellum very minute; length less than 1 mm. CORPUSCULXJM.

S. perforates Schaumm. length 1-1.2 mm., ranges from Massa-
chusetts to Iowa.

302 FAMILY IX.

5S5 ( ). SCYDM^ENUS BADIUS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1897,

475.

Oval, rather strongly inflated. Piceous, shining ; ^elytra reddish-brown,
sparsely clothed with rather long, yellowish recurved hairs; antennae and
legs pale reddish-brown. Head much wider than long ; eyes prominent. An-
tenna? a little less than half the length of body, the joints somewhat bead-
like, the outer ones gradually enlarged. Thorax as long as wide, one-fourth
wider than head, dilated and narrowly rounded at apical third, the sides
thence converging and broadly sinuate to base, the fovese small but distinct.
Elytra four-fifths wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely but dis-
tinctly punctate; inner basal fovea large. Length 1.1-1.3 mm.

Wayne County; scarce. May 26.

S. corpusculum Casey is known from Canada and Pennsylvania.

Tribe III. OPRESINI.

Very minute species, chiefly distinguished by the long proster-
uum in front of the coxa?. To the tribe Casey has ascribed three
genera. Of these Opresus, having the eyes median, thorax im-
pressed at base and scutellum invisible, is represented by three
known species, each less than .7 of one mm. in length, which occur
from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Delius, differing in having the
scutellum distinct and the olytral suture elevated, is also repre-
sented by a single species of the same size in Pennsylvania; while
Neladius, having the eyes in front of middle, thorax not impressed
at base and scutellum distinct, is also known by one species from
Pennsylvania.

Tribe IV. CEPHENIINI.

Represented by the single genus :

V. CEPHENNIUM Muller. 1822. (Gr., "red or purple color.")

Small convex species having the head triangular and strongly
deflexed, but slightly visible from above; antennae widely sepa-
rated, their clubs 3-jointed, the joints increasing rapidly in thick-
ness; thorax with a feeble fovea near each hind angle; scutellum
distinct.

586 (1855). CEPHENNIUM CORPOROSUM Lee., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.. VI.

1852, 150.

Oblong-oval, rather robust, strongly convex. Dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing, sparsely clothed with rather short, yellowish recurved hairs; antennae
and legs paler, the former one-half the length of body. Thorax nearly twice
as wide as long, sides broadly curved; disk convex, with a broad shallow
fovea near each hind angle. Elytra together not longer than wide, not
wider than thorax, finely and very sparsely punctate; each with a narrow,
deep impressed line on basal third just within the hunierus and a deep basal
fovea near suture. Length 1 mm.

THE ANT-LIKE STONE BEETLES. 303

Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April 17-April 22.
Sifted from damp vegetable debris.

Tribe V. EUTHEIINI.

This tribe, as characterized in the key, is represented by three
genera. No species of the tribe has as yet been noted in Indiana,
though all of the genera may occur.

KEY TO GENERA OF EUTHEIINI.

a. Hind coxae widely separated; length 1-1.5 mm.

6. Mesosternum broad and flat; antennae only moderately enlarged at
tips. EUTHEIA.

66. Mesosternurn strongly carinate; last antennal joint much enlarged.

VERAPHIS.
art. Hind coxae very moderately separated ; length less than .7 mm.

EUTHIODES.

Ver aphis cristata Brend., black, shining, head with a short
carina, length 1.2 mm., was described from Pennsylvania. Euthi-
odes latus Brend.. brownish -yellow, length .7 mm., is known from
Iowa.

Tribe VI. EUMICRINI.

This tribe, as denned in the key, is composed of three genera,
two of which are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF EUMICRINI.

a. First joint of hind tarsi only moderately elongate; scutellum visible
but minute; body stouter. VI. EUMICRUS.

aa. First joint of hind tarsi fully as long as the next two combined ; scu-
tellum wholly wanting ; body smaller and more slender.

VII. ACHOLEROPS.

VI. EUMICRUS Lap. 1840. (Gr., "good + small.")

Stout convex species having the head large and thick; eyes lo-
cated in front of middle ; neck strongly constricted ; antennas rather
long, funicle capable of being reflexed into the excavated apex of
basal joint, club 3- jointed; thorax usually with two small foveas
each side near base ; femora strongly and abruptly clavate. One
species has been taken, while three others may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUMICRl S.

.. Front broad and feebly prominent between the antennae; elytra distinct-
ly impressed at base, their pubescence rather dense, moderately long
and recurved.

6. Larger, 2.5 mm.; elytra broadly oval, two-fifths longer than wide;
thorax densely punctured toward base. GROSSUS.

[2023402]

304 FAMILY IX.

?>b. Smaller, not over 1.7 rum. ; femora abruptly clavate ; thorax not
longer than wide and subglobnlar ; body stout; antennae with a
strong and gradually formed club. 587. MOTSCHULSKII.

aa. Front strongly prolonged between the antenme; elytra not at all im-
pressed at base, their pubescence long, sparse, erect and bristling.
c. Hind femora not dentate on outer side; thorax not quite as long as
wide ; color pale brownish-yellow. OCHREATUS.

cc. Hind femora dentate on outer side near the trochauters; color pale
reddish-brown. CRURALIS.

E. cjrossus Lee., dark chestnut brown, is a southern species which
lias been taken near Cincinnati.

587 (1850). EITMICRCS MOTSCHULSKII Lee., N. Sp. N. Ainer. Col., I, 1863,26.

Rather stout; suboval, strongly convex. Dark chest-
nut In-own, rather thickly clothed with recurved yel-
lowish hairs; legs slightly paler. Aiitemiie three-h'fths
as long as body, ninth joint as long and twice as wide
as the two preceding united; tenth still wider; eleventh
as long as ninth and tenth together. Thorax ovate, con-
vex, widest and rounded in front of middle ; disk with-
out punctures, but with two distinct fovese each side near
base. Elytra short, broad, very convex, not quite twice
as long as and about three-ht'ths wider than thorax ;

sparsely but distinctly punctate. Length 1.7 mm. (Fig.
Fig. 145. < 16. . . _ .
(Original.) 145.)

Southern half of State ; frequent. April 10-October 31. Forty
or more specimens were sifted from decaying woody fungi on a
maple log near Broad Ripple on the latter date.

E. ochreatiis, and E. cruralis, each 2 mm. in length, were both
described by Casey from Central Illinois.

VII. ACHOLEROPS Casey. 1897.

Narrow-bodied species having the sub-basal fovea 2 of thorax very
faint ; scutellum wholly wanting. One of the two recognized spe-
cies occurs in the State.

588 (1854). ACHOLEROPS ZIMMERMANM Schaum., Analecta Entom., 1841, 26.

Narrowly suboval, strongly convex. Uniform dark reddish-brown, shin-
ing. Head wider than long; eyes placed in front of middle. Antenme one-
half as long as body, club gradually and feebly thickened, ninth joint ob-
conic, as long and two-thirds as thick as the two preceding united, tenth
slightly wider, eleventh still thicker but not as long as ninth and tenth
together. Thorax longer than wide, widest and more rounded at apical
third, the sides theuce oblique and straight to base; disk rather coarsely,

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLKS. :',().")

closely and rugosely punctured near base. Elytra one-half longer than wide,
two-thirds wider than thorax, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate, and
sparsely clothed with short, stiff recurved hairs. Length 1.5 mm.

Lawrence County; r;ire. October 16. Taken from nest of red
ants beneath decaying log.

Family X. PSELAPHID^E.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES.

Very small chestnut-brown, dull yellow or piceous species, not
exceeding 3.5 mm. in length, having the body usually slightly pu-
bescent, head and thorax mostly narrower than elytra and abdo-
men ; elytra short, truncate ; abdomen convex, obtuse at tip and
with half its length exposed above. They live for the most part
beneath bark and stones, where they feed upon Acarina and other
minute animal forms. Others excrete from small tufts of hairs a
substance of which ants are very fond, and they are therefore toler-
ated in numbers in the nests oE these insects. They are even said
to be fed by the ants and to ride about on the backs of their hosts
when so inclined.

The name of the family is from that of the typical genus, Pse
laphus, meaning "I feel my way," in allusion to the greatly de-
veloped palpi or "feelers," the maxillary palpi being usually 4-
jointed. greatly developed and of a variety of remarkable forms.

In addition to the characters mentioned the Pselaphida?. have
the mandibles usually broad and short, with the tips curved and
acute; antennn? usually clavate, rarely bead-like, the number of
joints variable, but usually eleven ; eyes with coarse facets, some-
times wanting; prosternum almost obsolete between the front coxas,
which are conical, prominent, contiguous, the cavities open behind;
middle coxa? rounded, contiguous ; hind ones narrow, transverse,
usually separated; metasternum very broad, its sidepieces simple;
legs long, femora often club-shaped; tibia? slender and without
spurs; tarsi usually 3- (rarely 2-) jointed; claws simple.

Nearly 2,500 species of Pselaphida? are known, about 275 of
which are from North America. The more important papers treat-
ing of these are as follows :

LeConte. "On the Pselaphidae of the United States," in Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 64-110.

Brendel, E. "Synopsis of the Genera and Species of the Fam-
ily Pselaphida." in Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.. VI. 1866. 31-38.

306 FAMILY X. PSELAPHID^:.

V

Brendel and Wickham. "The Pselaphidae of North America,

in Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Univ. Iowa, I, 1890. 216-304; II,

1891, 1-84, pis. VI-XIL
Casey. "Coleopterological Notices, V and VII," in Ann. N. Y.

Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, 1893, 433-509; IX, 1897, 550-630.
Casey. "Remarks on Some New Pselaphidse, " in Can. Ent.,

XL, 1908, 257-281.

The family is divided into two subfamilies, and these in turn
into tribes and genera.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF PSELAPHID/E.

a. Antennae 2-jointed (Fig. 4, No. 10, and Fig. 146, fr) ; front coxse con-
tiguous, hind ones distant. Subfamily I. CLAVIGERIN^E, p. 306.
aa. Antennte 11-jointed (Fig. 146, a), rarely 10-jointed.

Subfamily II. PSELAPHIN^;, p. 308.

Subfamily I. CLAVIGERINAE.

The members of this subfamily have the head narrow; palpi
rudimentary, of but one joint; three basal dorsal segments of abdo-
men firmly united and deeply excavated, forming a cavity on the
sides of which are tufts of hairs ; first and second tarsal joints very
short; third long, with a single claw. The species live solitary in
ants' nests and the construction and smallness of the mouth is such
that their nourishment is supposed to be liquid in form. The ants
caress the tufts of hairs on the abdomen of the beetle with their an-
tenna?; causing the exudation of a fluid, which they greedily swal-
low. Two genera comprise the subfamily, both of which are repre-
sented in the State.

KEY TO GENERA OF CLAVIGERINAE.

a. Eyes wanting. I. ADRANES.

aa. Eyes present. II. FUSTIGER.

I. ADRANES Lee. 1849. (G-r., "imbecile.")

Of this genus only two species are known. One of these has
been taken in the State, while the other proba.bly occurs.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ADRANES.

a. Thorax, when viewed from above, conical ; head cylindrical ; length

1.8 mm. CCECUS.

aa. Thorax bell-shaped ; head obconical ; length 2.5 mm. 589. LECONTEI.

A. coecus Lee., orange-yellow, elytra with regular rows of short
recumbent, stiff hairs, is known from Pennsylvania, Georgia and Il-
linois.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES.

307

589 (1863). ADRANES LECONTEI Brencl., Proc. Eut. Soc. Phil., VI, 1865, 255.

Brownish-yellow ; pubescence fine, in regular rows. Head twice as long
as broad ; vertex with two shallow longitudinal impressions. Last anteuual
joint as long as head, slightly curved, squarely truncate, narrower at its
outer end. (Fig. 4, No. 10.) Thorax bell-shaped, slightly longer than head,
base twice as wide as neck ; disk with an obtuse tubercle behind the middle
and a shallow fovea each side near base. Elytra triangular, at base scarce-
ly wider than thorax, thence rapidly widening to the truncate apex. Ab-
domen much wider than elytra, the first dorsal segment very large, broadly
and deeply concave, its margin curved and convolute near base. Length
2.5 mm. (Fig. 146. It.)

Posey County; rare. August 3.
Lasius niger americanus Emery.

Taken from nest of the ant.

II. FUSTIGER Lec. 1866.

Eyes present but very small, having only eight facets each; an-
tennas with the basal joint small, quadrate ; second joint as long as
head, gradually broader to apex, which is three times as wide as
base.

Fig. 146. a, Chennium monilicornf; 6, Adranes lecontei; c, Fustiger juchsii; d, Tyrus hwneralis. All

highly magnified. (After Brendel.)

590 (1864). FUSTIGER FUCHSII Brend., Proc. Eut. Soc. Phil., VI, 1866, 190.

Dark brownish-yellow, translucent. Head flattened above and, like the
thorax, marked with a network of large shallow impressions. Thorax sub-
globular, equal to the head in length, sides rounded, base and apex trun-
cate. Elytra at base as wide as thorax, thence gradually widening to apex,
disk sparsely and very finely pubescent and behind the middle sloping down-
ward to the deep transverse abdominal fovea. Abdomen convex, broader
than elytra, the basal segment very large, longer than wide. Length 1.7 mm.
(Fig. 146, c.)

Crawford County; scarce. May 17- August 15. Taken from
ants' nests beneath stones on slopes of high hills near Wyandotte
Cave.

808 FAMILY X. I'SKLAPHIIXK.

Subfamily II. PSELAPHlNAE.

In this subfamily the abdominal segments are all separate and
the antenna- have 11 (10 in certain species of Brijaxis} joints.
Three tribes comprise Mie subfamily, all of which are represented
in the State.

KEY TO TRIBES OF PSELAPIHX K.

a. Antenna? approximate at base, inserted beneath prominent horizontal
contiguous tubercles. Tribe I. PSELAPHINI, p. 308.

ac. Antenna? distant, inserted on the sides of the head beneath short, de-
flexed tubercles.
&. Hind coxa? widely separated, transverse, not prominent.

Tribe II. BRACHYGLUTINI, p. 315.
1>1). Hind coxae approximate 01 contiguous, conical and prominent.

Tribe III. EUPLECTINI, p. 328.

Tribe I. PSELAPHIXI.

Our species of this tribe are always narrowed in front, much
broader behind and have the abdomen strongly margined and the
hind coxa- widely separated. The following genera are probably
represented in the State :

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF PSEI.APIIINI.

. Tarsi with two equal claws.

I). Antenme moniliform or bead-like, without a distinct club.

c. Maxillary palpi very small, the basal joints hidden, the last two

united to form a globular club. CHENNIUM.

<<. Maxillary palpi with the last two joints very transverse, fusiform

and compressed. III. CEOPHYLU s.

Jilt. Antenna- davate. the last joint usually gradually larger.

'/. Last three joints of maxillary palpi bearing bristle-like appendages
on the sides.

e. Appendages of last three joints of maxillary palpi short, the

joints triangular ; abdomen carinate. IV. TMESIPHORUS.

ee. Appendages very long, the last three joints oval-transverse.

V. PILOPIUS.
(Irl. Maxillary palpi without appendages on the sides.

f. Last two joints of maxillary palpi lunate, or half-moon shaped,

the terminal one longer. VI. CEDIUS.

ff. Last two joints not Innate.

g. Last three joints of antenna? forming a club: last joint of max-
illary palpi elongate and with a terminal bristle.

VII. TVRUS.

gg. Last joint of antenna? very large, rounded: last joint of palpi
cylindrical, rounded at tip. VIII. HAMOTUS.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES.

309

aa. Tarsi with a single claw ; maxillary palpi very long.

li. Last joint of maxillary palpi club-shaped, very long, third small,
globular. PSELAPHUS.

hh. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, hatchet-shaped, third triangular.

IX. TYCHUS.

Chennium monilicorne Lee., reddish-brown, thorax as long as
wide, pubescence short, dense, appressed, length 2.8 mm., has been
taken near Cincinnati and probably occurs in the hilly regions of
southern Indiana. (Fig. 146, a.)

III. CBOPHYLLUS Lee. 1840. (Or.. "I hide + a leaf.")

Antennal tubercles wider than long, contiguous ; pubescence
short, fine, appressed; front femora each with three strong spines
near the base. One species is known.

Fig. 147. a, Ceophyllus monilis, b, Tmesiphorus costalis; c, Hamotus batrisioides. All highly magnified.

(After Brendel and Wickham.)

*591 (1866) . CEOPHYLLUS MONILIS Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 73.

Elongate-oval. Reddish-brown, not punctate. Head as long and three-
fourths as wide as thorax. Antennae stout, half the length of body, male
with second joint two-thirds the length of tirst, third and fourth equal,
wider than second ; fifth to tenth globose, the eighth largest ; eleventh wider
and bluntly pointed ; female with joints subequal and slightly increasing in
size toward tips. Thorax bell-shaped, as long as wide, sides evenly curved ;
disk with a fine impressed line at base and a fovea each side. Elytra one-
half wider at base than thorax, front half of disk liat with a feebly im-
pressed groove. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra. Length 3.3 mm.
(Fig. 147, .)

Vigo, Franklin, Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. Febru-
ary 28-September 10. Occurs beneath bark of rotten stumps.

310

FAMILY X. PSELAPHID^E.

IV. TMESIPHORUS Lee. 1849. (Gr.. "a fissure + to carry.")

Antennae clavate; frontal tubercles longer than wide; fourth
joint of maxillary palpi triangular and emarginate ; head and tho-
rax with a network of large rounded punctures. Two species are
known.

592 (1869). TMESIPHORUS COSTALIS Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. VI, 184'.), 77.
Elongate-oval. Piceous, shining, clothed with short, fine, appressed yel-
lowish hairs. Head two-thirds as long as broad ; frontal fissure deep,
branching behind the frontal tubercles towards the fovea on vertex ; eyes
prominent. Antennae of male more than half the length of body, second
joint cylindrical, one-third as long and two-thirds as wide as first ; third to
seventh globular, eighth to tenth gradually larger, obconical, eleventh as
long as ninth and tenth together, notched on one side near base ; female an-
tennae shorter, less robust and without notch on last joint. Thorax bell-
shaped. with an obtuse tubercle each side near middle, disk with two fovea
on apical third and a larger one each side near base. Elytra each with a
broad, tlat-bottomed groove on basal half, convex behind; humeri high.

Fig. 148. a, Cedius spinosus; b, Cedius ziegleri; c. Tmesiphorus carinatus; d, Pilopius lucustris. All highly

magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)

prominent. Abdomen broadly margined, first and second dorsal segments
carinate on the sides. Length 3.3 mm. (Fig. 147, fr.)

Throughout the State; common. March 31-December 29. Oc-
curs beneath stones and bark and in ants' nests. Gregarious in
winter beneath half-buried logs in upland woods.

593 (1S70). TMESIPHORUS CARINATUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV,

1824, 97 ; ibid. II, 235.

Pale reddish-brown, densely punctate : pubescence short, appressed. Ver-
tex with median frontal groove broader and not connected by branches with
the fovea. Front fovea of thorax wanting. Abdomen with a median carina,
as well as one each side on the second and third dorsal segments. Other-
wise as in wtitulix. Length 2.5 mm. (Fig. 148, c.)

Crawford County; rare. August 13.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 311

V. PILOPIUS Casey. 1897.

Antennae approximate at base, clavate ; joints 2-4 of maxillary
palpi with long bristle-like appendages, the second joint bent and
clavate, the third transversely lunate ; abdomen with second and
third ventral* not much longer than fourth; first four visible
dorsals equal in length ; front femora with stiff, erect bristles, but
without spines. Two species are known from the State and another
probably occurs.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF PILOPIUS.

a. Pubescence rather sparse; last joint of antennae as long as the three

preceding combined.

It. Tenth antennal joint not at all longer than wide, the sixth joint as
long as fifth; body stout; elytra nearly as long as wide.

594. LACUSTKIS.
&?). Tenth antennal joint distinctly longer than wide.

c. Body stout, generally dark in color; abdomen always black or
blackish ; thorax feebly transverse, never more than one-half as
wide as elytra ; fifth antennal joint slightly longer than fourth.

IOWENSIS.

cc. Body narrower, pale in color throughout, the abdomen never black-
ish ; elytra nearly as long as wide, rather longer than head and
thorax combined. 595. ZIMMERMANNI.

. Pubescence dense, shorter and more scale-like; last anteunal joint much
shorter than the three preceding combined ; elytra as long as head
and thorax. CONSOBRINUS.

*594 ( -). PILOPIUS LACUSTRIS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.. IX, 1897,

619.

Rather stout, subconvex. Dark reddish-brown ; elytra, antenna? and
legs paler. Head as wide as long; occiput with two large fovea? between
the eyes. Antenna 1 of male three-fourths the length of body, joints cylin-
drical, nearly equal; of female, shorter with' joints 7-10 short, transverse,
last joint shorter, oblong-<>val. Thorax wider than long, disk with an ob-
long median fovea at base, reaching almost to middle, and a smaller one
each side. Elytra slightly wider at base than thorax, thence gradually
widening to apex, each with a fine, entire sutural and median stria. Ab-
domen convex, margin broad, tip rounded. Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 148, </.)

Southern half of State: common. April 5-December 23. Oc-
curs beneath logs and bark; gregarious in winter. A number were
once swept from stems of blue-grass in May. Usually known as P.
piceus Lee., from which it is distinguished by its more elongate
and paler elytra and shorter tenth antennal joint.

P. ion- en sis Casey, length 1.7 mm., wns described from Iowa.
595 (1873). PILOPIUS ZIMMERMANNI Lee.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 79.

Pale brownish-yellow, sparsely pubescent. Head with frontal groove
not reaching the oblong frontal fovea?; occiput elevated, its fovea? larger.

312 FAMILY X. PSELAPHID^E.

farther apart and near the eye. Thorax as long as wide, narrower in front
than in lacustris, the median foveaj nearly circular, the ones on sides small.
Elytra more convex, the lines or stria? less deep. Length 1.7 mm.

Jackson and Crawford counties ; scarce. August 15-October 14.

P. consobrinns Lee., pubescence very dense, giving a very rough
appearance, is said to occur "east of the Mississippi River," but
has not yet been taken in the State.

VI. CEDILTS Lee. 1849. (Gr.. "careful.")

Antenna! tubercles wider than long, contiguous; last two joints
of maxillary palpi unequal, the fourth oblong, thicker; front fe-
mora each with three strong spines on basal half. Two of the three
species are known from the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF CEDITS.

<i. Larger and more robust, 2.5-2.7 mm. ; head transversely excavated be-
tween the antennal cavities. 596. ZIEGLERI.
mi. Smaller and more narrow, not over 2 mm. ; head not excavated at apex.

597. SPINOSUS.

596 (1867). CEDIUS ZIEGLEKI Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist.. VI. 1849. 74.

Fuscous-brown, clothed with short dense appressed hairs. Head as
long as wide; disk between the prominent eyes convex, punctured and with
two circular fovea>: sides with a spine behind each eye. Antennae nearly
half the length of body; joints 2-4 equal, as lung as wide, fifth smaller, sub-
globular; sixth and seventh equal, globular, eight shorter, transverse and in
male with its inner side prolonged as a flat tooth ; 9-10 wider, eleventh much
larger. Thorax convex, as long as wide : disk sparsely and rather finely
punctate, with two small fovere near apex and a larger one each side near
base, the latter two connected by a curved line. Elytra one-third wider
than long, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate; each with a wide shallow
groove on basal third. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, broadly
margined, the first dorsal with a carina each side. Length 2.7 mm. ( Fig.
148, 6.)

Putnam and Crawford counties; scarce. March 28-May 28.
Taken from nests of ants (Formica rufa in/< (/i-u. i

597 (1868). CEDIUS SPINOSUS Lee.. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI. 1849, 75.
Resembles ~ic</h'ri in form and color but smaller and less densely pu-
bescent. Head broader than long. Antenna^ similar, with the outer joints
less enlarged. Thorax very finely and sparsely punctate, without foveje on
front half, the basal foveie smaller and connected by a fine impressed line.
Elytra as in zici/lrri, but more finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen con-
vex, the first segment with carinre. Length 1.8- L' mm. (Fig. 148. </.)

Marshall and Fulton counties; rare. April 31 -May 3.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 313

VII. TYRUS Aube. 1833. (Without meaning.)

Antenna 1 clavate ; palpi with first joint minute ; second long,
curved ; third short, obovate ; last joint with a needle-like spine at
apex ; third tarsal joint longer than second. Two species probably
occur in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYKVS.

(/. Antennae rather elongate in both sexes, the next to last joint of funiele
not transverse ; ca rinse of abdomen well developed.

598. HUMERALIS.

. Antennae shorter and stouter, the three outer joints of fuuicle trans-
verse in female; thorax a little wider than long; carinae of abdomen
very short and inconspicuous. CONSIMILIS.

598 (1875). TYRUS HUMERALIS Aube, Ann. Ent., II, 1836, 84.

Robust, compact. Piceous-black, clothed with tine, short appressed hairs ;
elytra, antennae and legs reddish-brown. Head as long as broad, with two
small t'oveae between the eyes. Antennae of male with joints one and two
cylindrical ; 3-7 rounded, gradually smaller ; eighth and ninth larger, globu-
lar; tenth obconical, twice as long and thick as ninth; eleventh largest,
ovate; female with joints 3-9 subequal, tenth larger. Thorax bell-shaped,
widest at middle; disk with a median rounded fovea and a tine, transverse
sulcus near base. Elytra with humeri prominent, disk very finely and
sparsely punctate ; each with a deep impressed line and fovea on basal
half. Abdomen but little longer than elytra, margins very broad, the last
dorsal notched at tip in male. Length l.G mm. (Fig. 146, d.)

Southern half of State; scarce. April 16-June 18. Taken by
sifting and from beneath bark of stumps.

T. cousin) His Casey, reddish-brown, elytra paler, length 1.8 mm.,
was described from Kentucky and Indiana. I have not seen a
specimen from the State.

VIII. HAMOTUS Aube. 1844. (Gr., "like + ear.")

Head not constricted behind the antenna! tubercles; third joint
of maxillary palpi very small, subglobular; last joint long and cy-
lindrical ; pubescence yellowish, loose, coarse and long ; elytra and
abdomen very convex ; second and third tarsal joints equal. One
species is known.

599 (1876). HAMOTUS BATRISIOIDES Lee.. X. Sp. N. Amer. Co].. I, 1863, 127.
Elongate-oval, convex. Fuscous-brown, shining. Head as broad as

long, very convex; vertex with two small foveae. Antennae nearly as long
as body; first and second joints cylindrical, thicker than third to fifth,
which are quadrate and gradually smaller; sixth to tenth a little wider;
eleventh pear-shaped, subeompressrd, half as long as the preceding joints
together, somewhat smaller in female. Thorax as wide as long, sides

314

FAMILY X. PSELAPHID/E.

evenly curved, disk faintly, irregularly and coarsely punctate, with a small
median triangular fovea near base and a smaller rounded one each side,
the three connected by a fine curved impressed line. Elytra one-fifth longer
than thorax, finely punctate, each with a short basal groove and fovea.
Length 1.8 mm. (Fig. 147, c.)

Monroe County; rare. May 13. Sifted from debris of beech
stump. Dury finds them at Cincinnati between April 2 and May 2,
' ' in the decayed interior of a standing dead tree. ' '

Pselaphus longiclavus Lee., blackish-brown, elytra blood-red,
length 1.8 mm., is known from Iowa to Louisiana. P. bellax Casey,
dark reddish-yellow, length 1.4 mm., was described from Michigan.

IX. TYCHUS Leach. 1817. (No meaning.)

Antenna? attached to the under side of the frontal tubercles,
which are large, close together, separated by a short canal; upper

Fig. 149. n, Tychus lomipalpus, b, Bythinus tychoides; c, Decarthron brendeli; d, Rybnxis brendeli.
All highly magnified. (After Brendel and Wiekham.)

surface of head with a small puncture each side near the front part
of eye.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TYCHUS.

a. Thorax with four small fovete at base and a larger one each side ; ely-
tra depressed, the sutural lines parallel ; third and fourth joints of
palpi equal. 600. LONGIPALPUS.

<i(i. Thorax with five basal fovere; elytra more convex, the sutural lines
curved; third palpal joint triangular, shorter than fourth.

601. MINOR.

<iiiii i 1STM. Tvcin s LONGIPALPUS Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI. 1849,82.
Pale reddish-brown, subdepressed, sparsely clothed with long, suberect
hairs. Head as long as wide. Antennae longer than head and thorax, first
joint twice as long as second, third to eighth subequal : ninth globular, twice
as wide as eighth; tenth larger; eleventh ovate, twice as long as tenth.
Thorax snbglobular, slightly wider than long, widest at middle ; basal fovea

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 315

very small, rounded. Elytra one-half longer than thorax, sutural lines
deep ; discal ones fine, limited to basal half. Abdomen narrowly margined.
Length 2 mm. (Fig. 149, a.)

Clark County ; rare. May 5.

601 (1879). TYCHUS MINOR Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 82.

Dark reddish-brown, shining, coarsely pubescent ; antennae and legs
paler. Head as long as broad, convex, its fovere very minute. Antenna?
slightly longer than head and thorax, first two joints nearly one-half wider
than three to seven, which are cylindrical; eighth globular; ninth and
tenth larger, wider than long ; eleventh rounded-ovate, as long as the two
preceding. Thorax wider than long, polished, very convex ; basal foveae
five, the middle one the largest. Elytra faintly reticulate, sutural lines
fine, discal ones deep, reaching beyond the middle. Length 1.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 17-October 31. Occurs
usually beneath stones on hillsides. One specimen, from Steuben
County, sifted from sphagnum moss, is much paler and is to be re-
ferred to var. testaceus Casey.

Tribe II. BRACHYGLUTINI.

The differences between this and the preceding tribe are given
in the key. The palpi are less developed and the last joint is oval
or fusiform. The following genera are probably represented in the
State :

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BRACHYGLUTINI.

. Antennae 10-jointed, with a three-jointed club ; vertex with two fovese ;
thorax with sides rounded and with one fovea at base.

X. DECARTHRON.
aa. Antenna? 11-jointed.

1). Abdomen margined ; tarsi with a single claw.

c. Body broad, transversely cylindrical in cross section ; margin of

abdomen wide.

el. Abdominal margin narrowly retuse ; two basal ventrals longer
than the others ; dorsal segments unequal ; last palpal joint
priming-knife shaped. BYTHINUS.

dd. Abdominal margin broadly retuse; basal, dorsal and ventral seg-
ments much longer than others; elytra flat; last palpal joint
fusiform.

e. Vertex without foveae; elytra each with two basal fovese; ven-
tral segments four. NISAXIS.
ee. Vertex with foveae.

/. Antennae with a 3-jointed club ; vertex and thorax each with

three foveae; elytra each with a long discal line.
g. Elytra each with two small basal foveae ; thorax with three
nearly equal foveae.

316 FAMILY X. PSELAPHIDJE.

/(. Three basal foveu? of thorax connected by a curved
groove ; elytra each with a deep subhumeral groove.

XI. RYBAXIS.

/;/;. Basal fovea? of thorax not connected by a groove; ely-
tra without a subhumeral groove.

i. Elytra with margins and sloping sides nearly parallel ;
male with three of the dorsal segments sculptured.

BRACHYGLUTA.

ii. Elytra with sides diverging; male with not more than
two segments sculptured. XII. BRYAXIS.

yy. Elytra each with three small basal foveae; thorax with a
large pubescent fovea each side of base and a small
round median one. XIII. REICHENBACHIA.

ff. Antenna? very short, with only the last joint enlarged; ver-
tex with two fovese; body glabrous. EUPSENIUS.
cc. Body convex ; margin of abdomen narrow ; thorax with one fovea
at base. ANCHYLARTHRON.
bb. Abdomen not margined ; tarsi with two unequal claws ; thorax with
two or three longitudinal grooves; body elongate, more or less
cylindrical, narrow. XIV. BATRISODES.

X. DECARTHRON Brend. 1865. (Gr., "ten + joint.")

Head with disk of vertex longer than wide, the front fovea want-
ing; antennae 10-jointed, the joints, aside from those in club.
rounded ; thorax subglobose and .with a single funnel-shaped fovea
near the middle of the base; elytra broad, each with two basal
f ovea?, the humeri prominent ; abdomen short and wide, the basal
dorsal segment with two distant parallel carinae. One species has
been taken in the State, while three others may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DECARTHKON.

a. Form of body broad, robust.
Z>. Pubescence long, erect.

c. Color black ; fove;e of vertex large and connected with the de-
pressed front by faint converging grooves; length 1.4 mm.

ABNORME.

cc. Color dark red ; fovea? of vertex small, connected with the convex

front by straight parallel grooves ; length 1.6 mm. EXSECTUM.

bb. Pubescence short ; occipital fovea? deep, well separated, not connected

with the concave front ; length 1.4 mm. 002. BRENDELI.

aa. Form slender, elongate ; thorax not punctate ; color pale reddish-brown ;

length 1.5 mm. LONGULUM.

602 (9373). DECAKTHRON BRENDELI Casey, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1887,

464.

Piceous-brown ; elytra dull red; antenna? and legs paler brown. An-
tenna? scarcely as long as head and thorax, eighth and ninth joints trans-
versely oval, tenth one-half longer than wide and three times as thick as

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 317

eighth, ovate, truncate at base. Thorax finely punctulate, slightly wider
than long. Elytra one-half longer than thorax, discal lines parallel. Cari-
na? of first dorsal three-fourths the length of the segment, separated by one-
half its width. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 149. c.)

Lake and Putnam counties; scarce. March 26-May 25.

D. aJmorme Lee., and D. exsectiim Brend., both are recorded as
occurring in the "Northern States east of the Mississippi River,"
while D. longulum is a southern form which may occur in the south-
ern counties.

Bythinus tychoides Brend. (Fig. 149, />.), chocolate-brown, an-
tenna? and legs dark yellow, length 1.2 mm., has been taken at Cin-
cinnati, while Nisaxis tomeniosus Aube, reddish-brown, pubescence
long and fine, body coarsely punctate, length 1.2 mm., is recorded
from southern Illinois.

XI. RYBAXIS Saulcy. 1876.

In this genus the males have a strong tooth on the front tibia 1 .
Two species have been taken in the State, while another may occur.

KEY TO SPECIES OF KYBAXIS.

a. Median fovea of base of thorax large, pubescent ; antenna? of male very
long, the club slender. 603. VALIDA.

. Median fovea small, not pubescent.

6. Carina? on basal dorsal segment of abdomen including but one-fourth
of the width of segment between them; antennal club loose, the
next to last joints not elongate or compressed. CONJUNCTA.

66. Carina? on base of abdomen including one-third of width of segment;
antennal club dilated and compressed in male, densely clothed with
black hairs. 604. BRENDELI.

603 (1014). RYBAXIS VALIDA Brend., Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, I, 1890,

273.

Dark piceous-brown ; elytra and antenna? red; legs paler. Vertex with
a deep impression ; antennae nearly one-half the length of body, first joint
almost as long as third and fourth together; second shorter, oblong,
rounded; third to sixth narrower; seventh and eighth narrower and
shorter; ninth and tenth suddenly increasing in size, wider than long;
eleventh as long as the two preceding together. Thorax deeply impressed
each side near base. Length 2.2 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 16.

R. conjuncta Lee., black, elytra red or darker, length 1.8-2 mm.,
is said to occur "over the territory east of the Mississippi River."

604 (1916). RYBAXIS BRENDELI Horn. Crotch's Check List, 1S73, 36.
Black, shining; elytra ranging to piceous-red ; legs, palpi and club of

antenna? reddish-brown. Head with two very large fovea? between the eyes.

318 FAMILY X. PSELAPHID^.

Antennae with second joint small, oval ; third and fourth smaller, obconical ;
joints 5-8 larger, subglobular, equal ; ninth to eleventh transverse, forming
in male a densely pubescent club, three times as thick as eighth joint and
as long as the five preceding together; in female the club is smaller, less
pubescent and the preceding joints equal and cylindrical. Thorax sub-
globular, the basal groove sharply denned. Elytra each with a discal
groove on basal two-thirds. Front trochanters with a slender spine. Length
1.8 mm. (Fig. 149. <?.)

Lake, StenliMi. and Starke counties; scarce. May 25- June 16.
Brachygluta abdominalis Aube. red-brown, pubescence very fine,
length 2 mm., has been taken near Cincinnati.

XII. BRYAXIS Leach. 1817. (Gr., "to swarm.")

In this genus the thoracic fovere are not connected by a groove.
The following probably occur within the State :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF BRYAXIS.

a. Median basal fovea of thorax smaller than those on sides; last three

joints of male antennae contorted.

1>. Thorax as long as wide, convex ; first dorsal of abdomen without
carinse. PERPUNCTATA.

U). Thorax wider than long, less convex; abdominal carinse present, in-
cluding between them two-fifths of the width of segment.

605. CAVICORNIS.

<ni. Thorax with three large, equal pubescent fovese; sexual marks on the
abdominal segments of male, the antennae not modified.
c. Foveoa of occiput open toward the eyes, or very near them ; thorax
finely punctate ; male with first dorsal segment acutely bilobed ;
length 1.7 mm. 606. ILLINOIENSIS.

cc. Foven? of occiput distant from the eyes ; thorax not punctate ;
black, legs, antenna? and palpi dusky yellow ; length 1.3 mm.

PERFORATA.

B. perpunctata Brend., In-own, punctate, sparsely pubescent,
length 1.8 mm., is known from Illinois.

605 (1927). BRYAXIS CAVICORNIS Brend.. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.. VII, 1866,

194.

Elongate-oval. Fuscous-brown, clothed with long, recumbent pubes-
cence; elytra and legs reddish-brown; antennae dark red. last four joints
fuscous. Head six-sided, fovea? large. Antennae longer than head and
thorax, the last three joints in male each differing in form, ninth wedge-
shaped, tenth screw-shaped, eleventh kidney-shaped. Thorax wider than
long, finely punctate, the basal foveae all visible from above. Elytra finely
and sparsely punctulate ; discal lines straight, converging. Length 2 mm.

Putnam and Posey counties; rare. September 28-October 10.

THE ANT-LOVING. BEET1.KS.

319

cot; (1922). BRYAXIS ILLINOIENSIS Brend., Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.. VI, 1866,

195.

Rather broadly ovate. Piceous-black, shining; elytra dark red; an-
tenna? reddish-brown, legs and palpi paler. Antenna? less than one-half the
length of body; joints 2-8 small, rounded; ninth obcouical, longer; tenth
twice as wide as eighth; eleventh oblong-oval, twice as thick as ninth.
Thorax wider than long, the fovea? very large. Elytra one-third longer
than thorax, sutural and discal lines distinct, parallel, the latter deep at
base and reaching apical fifth. First dorsal of male deeply concave, pro-
longed behind in two acute triangular lobes; second dorsal with a large
median fovea. Length l.S mm. (Fig. 150, a.)

Throughout the State; common. March 20-June 24. On May
(') I took scores of this species beneath driftwood 011 the nmd banks
of the Ohio River near Charleston, Clark County.

B. perforata Brend., is said in Brenclel Wickham's key to oc-
cur in "Michigan, Illinois and Iowa," and in the description which
follows ' ' in New York, Jersey and Long Island. ' '

Fig. 150. a, Bryaxis illinoicnsis; b, Rcichenbachia yracilis; c, Reichenbuchia congener; d, Reichenbachia
propinqun (male). All highly magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)

XIII. REICHENBACHIA Leach. 1826. (Name of a naturalist.)

A large genus of small, broad-bodied species having the base of
1 borax marked with a large fovea each side and a very small round
one on the median line; elytra each with three small basal foveae,
The following species are known from or perhaps occur in the State :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF REICHENBACHIA.

(/. Ci rinse of first dorsal segment of abdomen separated by less than one-
third the width of the segment ; antenna? not modified in the sexes.
b. Cariuse separated by a space not wider than that between the su-
tural lines of elytra.
c. Thorax punctured.

d. Punctures of thorax fine and sparse ; caring of first dorsal quite
short and divergent. 607. GEMMIFER.

(Id. Punctures of thorax distinctly coarser and very dense; dorsal
cnrina- one-hall' (he length of segment, and less divergent.

COS. CANADENSIS.

[2123402]

320 FAMILY X. rSELAl'IHI)^;.

cc. Thorax without punctures; abdominal carinae rather long; elytra

punctured and subrugose. G09. RADIANS.

6&. Carinae separated by a space wider than that between the sutural

lines, but less than one-fourth the width of segment,
r. Thorax distinctly punctate; pubescence short; carinse of first dor-
sal nearly one-half as long as the segment, divergent and sep-
arated at tip by one-fourth the width of segment. CRIBRICOLLIS.
ee. Thorax not punctate.

/. Pubescence short and strongly recurved ; pale reddish-brown ;

median fovea of thorax very small. CONGENER.

ff. Pubescence long, bristling and semierect; elytra shorter than

wide ; piceous, the elytra paler.

//. Abdominal carinae fully one-half the length of segment, feebly
curved and strongly divergent ; form less convex.

610. RUBICUNDA.

(l(l. Abdominal cai-inae one-third the length of segment, straight,
less divergent ; form narrower and more convex.

Gil. GRACIIIS.
<ia. Carinae of first dorsal separated at base by one-third or more the width

of segment; pubescence short and strongly recurved.
7(. Antennae similar and unmodified in the sexes.

/. Thorax strongly and closely punctured; carinae of first dorsal sh rt.
straight and parallel. PTNCTICOLLIS.

//. Thorax not punctured ; body black or piceous, with bright red ely-
tra ; male with last dorsal with a broad rounded notch and last
ventral broadly concave. CORPORALIS.

/,//. Antemire dissimilar in the sexes, that of male with fifth joint strong-
ly diluted, the sixth scarcely longer than seventh; elytra dark red-
dish-brown. PROPINQUA.

HIT (1'Jl'si. J.'KICHENBACIIIA GEMMIFER Lee.. Trans. Amer. Knt. >(-.. VIII.
1880, 182.

Dark reddish-brown; antennae, legs and elytra paler; pubescence very
fine and short. Head as long as wide, the three fovea? circular and equal
in size. Antennae half as long as body; second joint as long but not as
thick as first; third to eighth cylindrical and subequal; ninth obcouical.
slightly longer and thicker; tenth larger, subglobnlar ; eleventh twice as
thick as tenth, as long as the three preceding. Thorax subglobular, strongly
convex, median foveae small, deep: side ones as large as those of head; disk
finely, evenly but distinctly punctate. Elytra at base one-third wider than
thorax, smooth except near lips; each with a wide shallow discal line.
Carinse of first dorsal short and strongly divergent. Length 1.4 mm.

Putnam County; vare. April 17. Taken by sifting.

COS (9388). REICHENIJACHIA CANADENSIS Brend., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,

XIV, 1S87. 201',.

More slender than r/anniifn; with darker body. Thorax one-third
broader than long, densely and coarsely punctured, the median fovea
smaller. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, distinctly but finely and
sparsely punctate; discal lines deeper and more distinct. Length 1.5 mm.

TIIK ANT-LOVIX<! liK KTI.KS. 321

Starke County; rare. May 18 -June 17. Sifted from vege-
table debris on margin of sphagnum swamp.

009 (1930). REICIIENIJACIIIA RADIANS Lee., Trans. Anier. Ent. Soe., VIII,

1SSO, 182.

Filiform light chestnut l>r<>\vn ; anteiin;e and legs paler. Head as wide
as long; the t'ove.-e small but deep. Antenn;e longer than head and thorax,
the joints nearly as in gcmmifcr, the eighth and ninth smaller than there.
Thtirax subglobnse, smooth, the foveoe on sides one-third larger than those
of head, the median one much smaller. Elytra at base one-third wider
than thorax, finely, sparsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Carinoe of
first dorsal reaching nearly to middle of segment. Length 1.5 mm.

One specimen in Webster collection labeled "Ind.," LeConte's
type, came from Illinois and his description is so brief that I am not
certain as to the identity of the specimen at hand. However, it
runs to radians both in his key and in that of Brendel.

R. cribricollis Brend., piceons-black, elytra dark red, length 1.3
mm., is known from Illinois and Iowa. R. congener Brend. (Fig.
150, r.), reddish-brown, length .0 mm., is an eastern species which is
recorded from Cincinnati.

<>10 (1932). REICIIENBACHIA KUBRICUNDA Aube, Ann. Soc. Ent., II, 11G.

Piceous-black, not punctured ; elytra, legs and antennae dull red. Head
wider than long; foveoe large, equal. Antenrue not half as long as body,
second joint oblong; third to seventh equal, cylindrical; eighth globular;
ninth as long and twice as wide as third ; tenth subglobular, one-half thicker
than ninth; eleventh one-half wider than tenth and longer than the two
preceding. Thorax one-third wider than long; foveoe on sides very large,
median one small and deep. Elytra at base as wide as thorax at middle,
humeri prominent; discal lines reaching apical third. Length .1.3-1.5 mm.

Throughout the State; common. April 17-June 13. Occurs be-
neath cover in damp localities.

Gil (1935). REICIIENBACHIA GRACILIS Casey, Contrib. Desc. Coleop. N. A.,
I, 1884, 32.

Dark piceous-red ; pubescence long, suberect and pale ; elytra dull red ;
antennae and legs paler. Head longer than wide; foveoe deep and equal.
Antennae longer than head and thorax, first three joints gradually decreas-
ing in size ; fourth to eighth equal, slender, subcylindrical ; ninth subglobose,
thicker; tenth nearly twice as wide as long; eleventh compressed, as long
as the three preceding together. Thorax wider than long, strongly con-
vex, polished, foveae on sides large, median one minute. Elytra very con-
vex, discal lines sharp, nearly entire. Length 1.4 mm. (Fig. 150, It.)

Starke and Orange comities: rare. .June 2-June 16. Beaten
from hickory.

322

FAMILY X. PSELAPHID^E.

//. '/nun-ltri'Hix Lcc., black with rust-rod elytra, legs and an-
tenna?, length 1.4 mm., is recorded as occurring in the "region east
of the Mississippi River." R. corporalis Casey, length 1.7 mm.,
was described from Michigan and Canada. E. propinqua Lee.,
piceous-black, elytra dark blood-red, length 1.4 mm., is a boreal spe-
cies which probably inhabits northern Indiana. (Fig. 150, d.)

Eupscnius glaber Lee., yellow, without pubescence or punctures,
length 1 mm., is a southern species which may occur in the Ohio
River counties.

Anckylarthron (Verticinotus} cornutus Brend., dark yellow,
faintly punctured, sparsely pubescent, is recorded from Ohio and
Iowa.

I J

Fig. 151. a, Batrisodes ionte; b, Batrisodes ferox; c, Batrisodes globosus; d, Batrisodes spretus. All highly
magnified. (After Brendel and Wickham.)

XIV. BATRISODES Reitt. 1881. (dr., "Batrisus + like.")

A large genus of subcylindrical. rather narrow, elongate spe-
cies, having the head elongate-oblong, with two foveas connected by
a curved groove on vertex; antennas with a three- jointed club; last
joint of maxillary palpi fusiform, more convex on the outer side ;
thorax with two or three longitudinal grooves and a transverse
curved groove connecting the three basal fovete ; elytra very convex,
their discal lines confined to basal half; legs long, femora clavate.
The species which have been taken or perhaps occur in the State
may be separated into two groups as follows :

KEY TO GROUPS OF INDIANA BATBISODES.

a. Hind tibiae without a terminal spur; elytra each with two fovese at base.

Group .4.

ua. Hiiid tibi;e with a long terminal spur; elytra each with three t'ovese at
. base. Group 13.

THE ANT-LOVING BEET L MS. 323

GROUP A.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP A.

a. Vertex without a median cariiia ; occiput swollen behind, overlapping
the neck ; middle femora of male with a curved spine near the tro-
chanters. 612. ION.T:.

mi. \'ertex with one or more carinse.

1). \'ertt'x with three ca rinse converging in front,

c. Front tibia? of male with a strong recurved spine near the middle ;

middle femora notched above. (Fig. 151, &.)

il. Occiput swollen above; hind tarsi of male with second joint di-
lated. ARMIGE1I.
<><!. Occiput not swollen ; hind tarsi of male simple ; elytra punctu-
late; ninth antennal joint one-half the width of tenth, eleventh
wider than tenth, ovate. 613. FEROX.
cc. Front tibia? of male simple; middle femora not notched above; hind
tibia? rather suddenly and strongly dilated on the inner side at
basal third. 614. CAVICRUS.
1>1}. Vertex with one median carina. 615. CONFINIS.

*612 (1894). BATRISODES ION^E Lee., Bost. Jouru. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 94.
Uniform reddish-brown, shining, sparsely clothed with long yellowish
hairs. Head longer than broad, its surface sloping from the prominent
occiput to front margin. Antennae half the length of body, joints 2 to S
subequal, ninth larger, slightly transverse; tenth large, globular; eleventh
oblong-ovate, much thicker and toothed on inner side in male. Thorax
bell-shaped, widest at middle, slightly narrower at base; disk with three
impressed lines, the median one entire and ending at base in a small fovea ;
sides with a small acute tubercle. Elytra sparsely and distinctly punctate ;
humeri rounded, not prominent. Abdomen slightly depressed at base, sparsely
and finely punctate. Length 2.5-2.7 mm. (Fig. 151, a.)

Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. August 10-December 10.
( )ne specimen on the latter date from beneath a partly buried chunk
in sandy woods. A species of southern range, described from
Georgia.

B. armiger Lee., reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent, length 2.4
mm., is known Prom Pennsylvania.

613 (1898a). BATRISODES FEROX Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1S49, 95.
Uniform reddish-brown, rather sparsely pubescent. Head quadrate;
fovea? of vertex small and in a line behind the middle. Antenna? half the
length of body, joints 3-5 cylindrical, 6-9 quadrate or rounded and slightly
wider; tenth larger, globose in male, obconical in female; eleventh thicker.
oblique, truncate at apex, rounded at base, as long as the two preceding.
Thorax widest at apical third, sides strongly curved, apex half as wide as
base; disk with three impressed lines, median one obsolete in front; basal
fovea? deep. Elytra one-sixth wider at base than thorax, finely and evenly
punctate; humeri with an obtuse spine. Ca rinse of basal dorsal very short,
separated by one-fifth the width of segment. Length 2.4 mm. (Fig. 151, b.)

:}24 FAMILY x.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-Xovenibpr 28. Oc-
curs in nests of ml ants. 7,./.s-/j/.s\ beneath stones. Keadily known by
Iho notched apex of middle femora.

G14 (0421'). I-.ATKISODES CAVICRUS Casey, Ann. X. Y. A cad. ScL. VII. ISO:},

408.

Reddish-brown, coarsely and sparsely pubescent; elytra, legs and club
of antenuse paler. Head wider than Inn.!?, as wide as thorax. Auteume hall'
as long as body, second joint longer than third; three to eight equal in
width, gradually shorter: ninth and tenth abruptly wider, slightly trans-
verse; eleventh much larger, subglobular. Thorax slightly longer than
wide; median sulcus of disk feeble, with two or three acute recurved spines
each side; median sub-basal fovea large, the side ones distinct. Elytra as
lung as wide, not punctate: humeri rounded. Carin.-e <if first dorsal sep-
arated by one-sixth the width of segment. Male with a rounded subapical
impression on last ventral. Length 1.8 mm.

Crawford County; rare. August 15. Described from North
Carolina. Bury finds it rather plentiful near Cincinnati.

015 (1890). BATRISODES CONFIMS Lee., Bost. Jouru. Nat Hist., VI, 1849, 9(1.
Reddish-brown, shining, finely and sparsely pubescent. Head as broad
as long, vertex elevated with one median carina. Anteume slender, half as
long as body, joints 2-9 subequal. tenth hut one-third thicker and not longer
than ninth, eleventh oval, acute, twice as long and one-half wider than
tenth. Thorax as wide as long, median sulcus flue, entire, basal fove;e very
small, side ones distinct. Elytra at base not wider than thorax, smooth,
humeri feeble, discal lines very short. Length 2 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 22.

GROUP B.

In this group the hind tibia 1 bear at the outer end a very fine
and slender terminal spur, and the base of each elytron is marked
with three small rounded fovea 1 (two in frontalix). The following
species are known from or probably occur in the State.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROT'P B.

'/. Front of head in either sex not separated by a snlcus or groove from

the clypeus; last antennal joint of male with an erect basal tooth;

thorax with crests on disk; elytra strongly punctate. SCHAUMII.

da. Frontal margin in the male separated from the clypeus by a snlcus or

excavation ; in the female continuous with the clypeus.
l>. Antennae stout, the joints almost all wider than long, bead-like, sev-
enth and eighth smaller than those preceding or following.

GIG. CASEYI.

bb. Antennal joints, especially those of funicle. more slender, not wider
than long, joints 7 and 8 not smaller.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 325

c. Frontal margin produced beyond the line between the bases of an-
tennae.
(?. Vertex more or less scabrous or roughened and carinate.

c. Vertex vaulted or elevated, feebly scabrous; last anteuual joint
of male long, with an erect tooth; elytra punctate, the shoul-
ders not angulate ; length 1.5 mm. 017. RTPARIUS.
cc. Vertex not vaulted, coarsely scabrous; last antennal joint of

male without a tooth; length 2.1* mm.

/'. Fovea- of occiput not pubescent; frontal margin of male

notched in middle; shoulders angulate. SCABRICEPS.

ff. Fovea? of occiput pubescent; head very flat; frontal margin

triangular: thorax with conspicuous discal crests and deep

grooves, so that the disk appears to be marked with five

lines. IINEATICOLLTS.

<1<1. Vertex smooth; front more or less elevated.

{j. Antenna? alike in the sexes; fovea? of occiput pubescent; ver-
tex not carinate.

//. Thorax without crests or spines; sulcus of vertex deep; ely-
tra not punctate; length 2.2 mm. FUOXTALIS.
Jili. Thorax with four basal spines; snlcus of vertex shallow;
elytra very finely and sparsely punctate; length 1.9 mm.

SIMPLEX.

gg. Antenna 1 unlike in the sexes, the tenth joint in male globose

and very large; in female but one-half thicker than ninth;

fovea? of occiput not pubescent; vertex carinate; length

1.7 mm. 61S. GLOBOSUS.

cc. Frontal margin not produced beyond the line between the bases of

antenna?; tenth antennal joint of male very large.
L Humeri blunt, rounded; fovea? of occiput not pubescent.

./. Keddish-brown : tenth joint in male with a small fovea at the

base; length 1' mm. 010. VIRGIXI.E.

././. Black or piceous ; antenna: 1 and legs red; tenth joint foveate

on under side.
/,-. Median sulcus of thorax obsolete; length 1.0 mm.

620. SPBE1TS.

/,/,-. Median sulcus present: fovea- on under surface of tenth
joint very large. G21. FOVEICORXIS.

//. Ilumeri spinous : fovea of occiput pubescent: length 2 mm.

7. Basal joint of male antenna^ bluntly toothed below; tenth j lim
large, with a small, round, deep puncture at base on under
side. HENTICOLLIS.

//. Basal joint not toothed below; tenth joint not punctate be-
neath : black, with reddish antenna' and legs.

in. Flytra smooth, vertex not punctate; third j lint of male an-
tenna 1 longer than second or fourth and swollen on one
side. 022. NioRiCANs.

nun. Flytra indistinctly punctate; vertex with a central trans-
verse puncture; three basal joints of antenna 1 suboqually
decreasing in size. STRIATUS.

FAMILY X. I'SKLA

B. schuiiinii Aube, piceous-black, length 2.1 nun., is known from
Pennsylvania and Illinois.

616 ( -). BATRISODES CASEYI Dury Mss.

Uniform reddish or chestnut-brown, sparsely clothed with stiff, sub-
erect yellowish hairs. Head large, as wide as thorax ; vertex strongly
swollen, not carinate; fove:e of occiput very small. Antenna? short, stout,
reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to 10 wider than long, 11 oblong-oval,
nearly as long as the three preceding. Thorax as wide as long, median
sulcus deep, abbreviated in front, basal fovese round, deep. Elytra smooth,
convex, humeri not prominent. Length 2.5 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath chunk in
open sandy woods. Dury has three or four from Kentucky opposite
Cincinnati.

617 (1902). BATRISOUES RIPARIUS Say, Journ. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., IV.

1824, 98; ibid. II, 235.

Reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent Head slightly wider than long, its
margin broad, flat, produced in front ; the fovese small, deep, not pubescent.
Antennae of male half the length of body, joints 2 to 8 gradually smaller
and rounded; ninth much larger, transverse, toothed on outer side; tenth
still larger, globose; eleventh not as thick, more than twice as long, with a
large tooth inside the base; in female the joints are regular, the last one
not as long as the two preceding, acute-ovate. Thorax slightly longer than
broad, sparsely punctate, the basal fovea small, distinct. Elytra very con-
vex, strongly punctured; humeri blunt or rounded. Length 1.4-1.6 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 18- April 22.

B. scabriceps Lee., piceous. leg's and antenna* paler, is said to
occur from Pennsylvania to Illinois and Iowa. B. lineaticolUs
Aube and B. fronlalix Lee., have been recorded from Cincinnati.
B. s-hnjtlfj- Lee. is a boreal species which has been taken in northern
Illinois.

618 (190.3). BATRISODES GLOBOSTS Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 184!),

100.

Reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head with ver-
tex roof-shaped, the crest carinate; fove;e small, deep, round, not pubes-
cent; margin broad, Mat. densely punctate. Antennae half as long as body,
second joint obconical. three to eight globular and of same width as sec-
ond; ninth thicker, wider than long; tenth in male globular, four times
as thick as ninth; eleventh narrower than tenth, ovate, acute, obliquely
impressed from middle mi outer side. Thorax slightly wider than long.
median sulcus deep, ending near base in a deep fovea from which a trans-
verse groove curves to fovetv on sides. Elytra indistinctly punctiilate. one-
half longer than thorax, each with three small, rounded fovea' at base;
discal lines short, shallow: humeri tuberculate. Legs long, thighs clavalc.
Length l.S mm. (Fig. 151, c.)

THE ANT-LOVING HKETLES. 327

Throughout the State; common. March 5-November 28. Oc-
curs in numbers in the large cone-shaped nests of ants and beneath
stones on sloping 1 hillsides.

619 (1910). BATRISODES VIRGINIA Casey, Coiitrib. to Desc. of Coleop. of N.

A., II, 1884, 90.

Reddish-brown, shining; elytra d;irk red; antenna? and legs paler. Head
large, quadrate, punctured in front: eyes small; vertex with two small,
rounded fovea.' connected by a curved groove. Antenna- less than half the
length of body, first joint as long as the next two together, second longer
than third; ^ to 8 quadrate, equal; ninth larger, one-half wider than hmg;
tenth large, globular ; eleventh as long as three preceding together, obliquely
acuminate. Thorax as wide as long, median sulcus narrow, deep, with a
small erect tooth each side of the basal median t'ovea. Elytra finely, sparse-
ly and distinctly punctate. Length 2 mm.

Putnam, Fayette and Crawford counties; frequent. April 17-
August 15.

020 (1906). BATRISODES SPRETTS Lee., Bost. Jouru. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849, 100.
Piceous-black ; elytra dark red, sparsely and finely pubescent. Head
wider than long, wider than thorax, punctulate in front, smooth behind ;
eyes prominent; occiput elevated, broadly depressed each side; vertex not
carinate. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, joints 2 to 8 oblong; ninth
longer and wider, transverse ; tenth large, quadrate-rounded ; eleventh twice
as long but narrower than tenth, ovate-acuminate. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, widest before the middle, median basal fovea small ; basal tuber-
cles minute. Elytra convex, not punctured ; humeri without tubercles.
Length 1.7 mm. (Fig. 151, d.)

Southern half of State; frequent. April 17-October 11. Taken
by sifting damp vegetable debris and in nests of white ants.

621 (9414). BATRISODES FOVEICORNIS Casey, Bull. Cal. Acad. Sci., II, 1887.

462.

Reddish-brown, not punctate; sparsely clothed with long hairs. Head
as wide as long ; vertex nearly flat, carinate at middle. Antennae with sec-
ond joint one-third shorter and narrower than first; third to seventh longer
than wide, eighth quadrate; ninth wider than long; tenth much wider,
globose, flattened and with a large fovea beneath in male; eleventh wider
and as long as the three preceding together. Thorax with fovere and sulci
deep, the median sulcus obsolete on basal third. Elytra with rounded
humeri. Length 2 mm.

Monroe County; rare. May 13. Sifted from debris of beech
stump.

R. deniicollis Casey, black, elytra dark red, antennae and legs
paler, length 1.8 mm., is known from Virginia and Iowa.

328 FAMILY X. - PSELAPHIM3.

<!> ( 1!)04 ) . KATKISODES NIGRICANS Lee., Bnst. Journ. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, DO.

Black, shining, sparsely pubescent ; antenna?, palpi aud legs reddish.
Head as long as broad, front punctate ; vertex convex, carinate. Antennas
with fourth joint half as wide and about as long as third; fifth to eighth
subeqnal, as wide as long; ninth longer, rounded; tenth nearly twice as
l hide as ninth, globose; eleventh one-half longer, ovate, acute. Thorax
\\illi median suh-us very deep, the basal tubercles acute; fovere on sides of
base pubescent. Elytra witli humeri subacute, discal lines reaching middle.
Length '2 mm.

Lake ( 'nimly ; rare. Ma\ 1.

B. si riot us Lee., of which xhnnlcj: Lee. is perhaps a synonym, is
said to occur from Massachusetts to the Missouri River.

Tribe III. EUPLECTINI.

In this tribe the form is more depressed and linear than in those
preceding-, thus approaching- the Staphylinidu'. They have the an-
tenna- widely separated at base; ahdomen distinctly margined, with
six ventral segments; hind coxa- conical, prominent and contiguous.
The following genera, as limited by Casey, are probably represented
in the State.

KEY TO INDIANA GENEEA OF EL'PLECTINI.

(i. Tarsi with two equal claws; antenna? slender, bead-like, last three joints
forming a loose club; first visible dorsal nearly as long as second and
without pubescent line. RAFONUS.

na. Tarsi with two unequal claws or with but a single claw.

1>. Antenna? elbowed, the basal joint elongate ; thorax twice as wide as
long, bilobed, and armed at sides with three inflexed spines.

XV. RHEXIUS.
lib. Antenna? straight, first joint not elongate.

c. Tarsi with two unequal claws, the second in the form of an ap-

pendage nearly one-half the length of the principal claw.
(L Thorax with a fine entire median groove, its sides not spinous;
body shorter, head more transverse; elytra each with four
basal punctures, prolonged backward by a line.

XVI. RHEXIDITS.

<]fl. Thorax without a median impressed line ; body longer, more
parallel; head less transverse. RAMECIA.

r<: Tarsi with but a single claw, or with the second one very minute.
i'. Antenna] club gradually formed, the last joint only moderate in

size.
f. Prosternum not carinate along the middle ; first dorsal not

longer than second.

!/. Thorax with a central discal impression; elytra each with
a discal stria.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 329

It. Head large, truncate; antcnn;e very remote; first dorsal
of abdomen with distinct basal eariiue.

XVII. EUPLECTUS.

lili. Head smaller, the front more abruptly and strongly nar-
rowed; antenna? less distant; abdomen without basal
carince. THESIASTES.

g<j. Thorax without a diseal impression; elytra without discal
stria?. BIBLOPI.ECTI s.

//. Prostermnn finely but distinctly carinate throughout the mid-
dle of its length; thorax with a small, subapical impression,
its basal fovea? connected by a transverse sulev ; antenna-
less widely separated, the tenth joint larger than usual.

TIIESIUM.

ee. Antenna 1 club consisting almost entirely of the larg > abrupt ter-
minal joint; thorax without discal impressions.
/. Ninth and tenth antennal joints very shoi't. distinctly trans-
verse.

./'. Elytra with a subhumeral t'ovea from which an acutely ele-
vated carina extends to apex; also with discal stria? reach-
ing to middle ; head never wider than thorax, the latter
with a large fovea on each side connected by a transverse
groove. ACTIUM.

jj. Elytra without trace of a subhumeral fovea and without

discal stria?, but with an elongate basal impression.
7r. Firs* dorsal segment of abdomen much elongated and with-
out trace of a median impression.

XVIII. TRIMIOMELBA.

kk. First dorsal shorter, equal to second. XIX. MELBA.

ii. Ninth and tenth antennal joints larger, less transverse; elytra

with a discal stria and with two basal fovea? but without

subhumeral fovea; sulcus of thorax not continued down the

flanks but ending in small enlargements near the margin.

TBIMIOPLECTUS.

Rafoinis tolulcc Lee., dark brown, polished, clothed with long,
dense pubescence, antenna 1 and legs yellowish, length 2.1 mm., oc-
curs rarely near Cincinnati.

XV". RHEXiusLec. 1849. (Gr., "I break.")

Head and thorax each wider than long; tarsi with two unequal
claws; antenna 1 elbowed. One of the three species occurs in 1 1n-
State.

(>!'.'! (1!>f>7). IJiiKxirs i.xsc'i'M'Ti's I.ec., Host. Joiirn. Nat. Hist., VI. IMU.

103.

Subcylindrical, depressed. Pale reddish-brown, clothed with short erect
hairs. Head twice as wide as long, base truncate, front rounded, concave
and with three fovea?; occiput carinate. Antenna? reaching base of thorax,
joints 3 to 8 transverse, nearly equal; ninth twice as wide as third; tenth

FAMILY X.

longer and wider; eleventh conical-ovate, as long as ninth and tenth to-
gether. Thorax almost as wide as head, sides broadly curved; disk with
a median groove, and a fovea each side near base connected by a trans-
verse line. Elytra as wide as long; discal lines deep, confined to basal
third; hnineri prominent, armed with a tubercle: margin with a sharp edge.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, the basal segment with two short carinae.
Length 1.2 mm. (Fig. 152, a.)

Monroe, Lawrence and Clark counties; scarce. April 9-May 8.
Taken by sweeping blue-grass; also by sifting.

Fig. 152. a, Kheiius insculptus; b, Rhexidius canaliculatus; c, Triiniomelba dubia; </, Melba parmlii; e, Euplec-

tus confluent. (After Brendel and Wickham.)

XVI. RHEXIDIUS Casey. 1S87. (Gr., "a crack or fissure.")

Head much wider than long ; thorax with a median groove ; hind
coxae contiguous; tarsi with two unequal claws. One species occurs
in the State.

024 (1971). KIIKXIDIUS CANALH ri.ATrs Lee., Bust. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI.

1X49. 107.

Elongate-oval, subcouvex. I'ale brownish-yellow, rather densely and
finely pubescent. Head one-half wider than long, front transversely im-
pressed; vertex elevated, feebly sulcate and with a small round fovea each
side close to the eye. the two connected by a curved groove. Antenna? short,
stout, not reaching base of thorax, joints one and two subequal, cylindrical,
as long as wide; three to eight narrower, rounded, slightly transverse;
ninth twice as wide as long; tenth twice as wide as ninth; eleventh wider
Ihan 1enth and longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax widest at
middle, sides broadly curved: disk convex, tinely and sparsely punctate, and
with an entire median impressed line and a transverse shallow one near
base, connecting a fovea on each side. Elytra at base as wide as thorax,
disk minutely punctate. Last ventral of male with a shallow transverse
impression. Length 1.2 mm. I Fig. 152. 7>.)

Putnam County; rare. April 17. Sifted from damp vegetal) 1 .! 1
debris.

Ratnccia crlni/a Brend.. brown, very densely pubescent, length
1.6 mm., is said to occur in the "Northern States;" Ramrcia arcu-

THE ANT-LOVING BEKTLKS. 331

ala Lec., brownish-yellow, legs and antennae paler, pubescence
feeble, length 1.2 mm., is known from the Middle and Southern
States.

XVII. EUPLECTUS Leach. 1817. (Gr., "good + fold.")

Depressed, linear; abdomen with three basal segments equal in
length, the fourth prolonged, the border wide; ventrals six in fe-
male; seven, the last one carinate, in male. The following species
have been taken or may occur in the State :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF EUPLECTUS.

a. Head narrower than thorax ; first and second dorsal segments with
short cariun? ; elytra convex ; sutural lines deeply impressed, discal
ones half the length of elytron. 625. FOSSULATUS.

ad. Head as wide as or wider than thorax.

ft. Foveae of head widely distant, situated behind the middle ; body less

slender, more convex.

c. Head not wider than thorax ; shoulders wider than head or thorax.
<1. Sides of elytra nearly straight, divergent; sides of thorax broad-
ly and evenly curved; pubescence feeble; length 1.2 mm.

SPINIFER.

<lil. Sides of elytra curved; those of thorax sinuate behind middle;
length 1.5 mm. INTERRUPTUS.

cc. Head wider than thorax.

c. Shoulders wider than head, thorax narrower, as wide as long ;

base of abdomen narrower than elytra. CONGENER.

ec. Shoulders as wide as head; sides of elytra parallel; form linear,

subdepressed ; head not punctured. UNEARIS.

&&. Foveae of head smaller, much nearer together, situated in front of

middle; head strongly punctured. 626. CONFLUENS.

625 (9442). EUPLECTVS FOSSULATUS Brend.. Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. Iowa, II.

1891, 59.

Dark brown, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head wider than long, de-
pressed in front ; occiput convex between the fove;e. Antennae as long as
head and thorax; joints three to eight very small, wider than long; ninth
and tenth each one-half wider than the one preceding; eleventh oval-
acuminate, longer than ninth and tenth together. Thorax wider than long;
disk minutely punctate and with a largo fusiform median sulcus, which ends
behind in a deep triangular fovea, the latter connected by a deep groove
with a large fovea each side. Elytra with liunieri high and prominent;
each with three basal punctures. Length 1.2 mm.

Lawrence and Crawford counties; rare. May 11-May 27.
Taken by sifting. Casey places this under Thcsiastes but the two
basal segments of abdomen are distinctly carinate as described by
Brendel,

332 FAMILY X. 1'SELAPHID.E.

E. spiitifcr Casey, brown, shining, not punctate, was described
from Illinois; E. interrupt us Lee., rust-red, pubescence not dense,
and E. congener Casey, brown, legs paler, pubescence short, dense,
conspicuous, are both recorded from near Cincinnati; E. lincaris
Lee., brown, length 1.5 511111., is said to occur "east of the Mississippi
River."

<>2G (10X1). EUPLECTUS CONFLUENS Lee., Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VI, 1849,

105.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Uniform reddish-brown, finely pubescent.
Head wider than long, with two deep parallel grooves, the intervening space
nearly smooth; elsewhere coarsely punctured. Antenn:e reaching middle
of thorax, joints three to eight subequal, wider than long, bead-like; ninth
and tenth wider; eleventh ovate, wider than tenth. Thorax as wide as
long, finely punctate; disk with a deep oblong fovea before the middle and
a triangular one near base, the latter feebly connected with a large deep
one each side. Elytra faintly punctate, densely pubescent, discal lines deep
at base, not reaching middle. Abdomen longer than elytra, the first and
second dorsals carinate. Length 1.2-1.5 mm. (Fig. 152, e.)

Marion County; rare. May 28.

Bibloplec his raficeps Lee., dark brown, elytra darker, surface
not punctate, pubescence short and fine, length .7 mm., is known
from Michigan and Illinois.

Thrsium cavifrons Lee., reddish-brown, legs and antennas paler,
pubescence rather dense, pale, length 8 mm., occurs in the "Mis-
sissippi Valley."

Actium augustum Casey, pale reddish-yellow, length 1.2 mm.,
was described from Pennsylvania.

XVIII. TRIMIOMELBA Casey. 1897.

Differs from Melba in its larger head with more remote fovea 1 ;
longer first dorsal and second ventral segments; ninth and tenth
antennal joints small, doubly convex; hind tarsi long, slender, th '
second joint twice as long as third. One species has been taken,
while another may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRIMIOMELBA.

<i. Head nit punctate, (lie front obtusely rounded between the antenna 1 :

fove:e of occiput small and deep: width across the shoulders equal

to that of thorax. ( OXVKXTI.A.

nil. Head distinctly punctate, (lie front, more narrowly siihangulate ; fove;e

larger and less separated: width of shoulders less than that of thorax.

627. DUBIA.

T. coHrc.ruld Lee., deep yellow, very convex, pubescence not visi-
ble, length .7 mm., is known from Pennsylvania and Illinois.

THE ANT-LOVING BEETLES. 'W>

627 (1909). TEIMJOMKIJJA DURIA Lee., Bost. Jotirn. Nat. Mist., VI, 1849, IDS.

Dull brownish-yellow, shilling, very finely pubescent. Head slightly
wider than long, finely but distinctly punctate. Auteunte reaching middle
of thorax, joints 3 to 8 bead-like, very small, ninth and tenth wider but not
longer, eleventh very large, ovate-conical. Thorax as wide as long, widest
just in front of middle, disk with a deep transverse sulcus at base, connect-
ing a small fovea each side. Elytra each with two basal fovere, the discal
lino reaching middle. Length .8 mm. (Fig. ir>2, r. )

Putnam Connlv; rare. April 22.

XIX. MELBA Cas^y. 1S!)7. (A name.)

Head smaller; last, antenna! joint large, cone-shaped; occiput in
<mr species with a median impression; first, dorsal not elongate;
second ventral short. ) than the next two. Males with front and
middle femora, much swollen. Three spfvics perhaps occur in the

Slate.

KIOY TO IN1MA.NA Sl'KClKS OF MKU'.A.

ii. Discal stri;e of elytra short.

6. Thorax not punctured, as wide as head. 628. PA UVULA.

1>1>. Thorax finely and distinctly punctured, wider than head.

THOKACICA.

an. Discal strife half the length of each elytron. 629. MAJA.

62X (1966). MELBA PARVULA Lee., Bost. Jouru. Nat. Hist, VI, 1849, 108.

Brownish-yellow, shining, finely pubescent. Head one-fifth wider than
long, smooth, frontal margin slightly curved; occipital foveae deep. An-
tenna- as in T. dnbia, the last joint larger. Thorax subglobose, narrower at
base; disk with a deep transverse basal groove which is angulate at middle
and unites with a small fovea each side. Elytra strongly convex, the discal
groove limited to basal fourth. Length 1 mm. (Fig. 152, (/.)

Starke and Monroe comities; rare. May 8-May 18.

M. thoracica Brend.. dull yellow, pubescence fine, abundant,
length .9 mm., was described from Illinois and Iowa, and is said to
occur on moist, rotten wood, with ants, and to be abundant in June.

629 (- -). MELBA MAJA Brend., Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc., XIX, 1892, 167.

Differs from imrriilii in. the longer discal stria of elytra and in having
the sutural stria punctured on the outer side. Length 1.1 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 17.

Triinioplccfuft r,l>wlf-ins Brend., yellow, pubescence fine and
sparse, length 1.2 mm., was described from Iowa and may occur in
Northern Indiana.

334 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

Family XL STAPITYLINID^B.
THE ROVE BEETLES. THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES.

A very large family of slender-bodied, small or medium-sized
beetles having the elytra truncate and very short, leaving always
some of the abdominal segments exposed, and covering usually only
two or three of them. The abdomen, both above and beneath, is of
corneous or horn-like texture, yet very flexible, and when the in-
sect is disturbed it is turned up over the back as if the beetle were
about to sting. However, they are perfectly harmless, though some-
times disagreeable on account of emitting an odorous fluid from the
tip of the abdomen. The ventral segments are eight (rarely seven)
in number, while there are ten dorsal ones. The wings are usually
fully developed, often exceeding the abdomen in length, and when
not in use are folded beneath the short elytra.

In addition to the characters mentioned, the Staphylinidae have
the labial palpi three-jointed except in Tribe I ; maxillary palpi 4-
jointed (5-jointed in Aleochara} ; mandibles long, sharp and sickle-
shaped, usually crossing one another at tips when at rest; an-
tennas variable in insertion and form, 11- (rarely 10-) jointed;
mesosternum short, its sidepieces large; metasternum rather large,
with narrow sidepieces; front coxre usually large, conical, promi-
nent and contiguous, the coxal cavities rarely closed behind; hind
coxae contiguous except in the second subfamily; tarsi usually 5-
jointed, rarely 4- or 3-jointed.

In habits the Staphylinids are to be classed as beneficial, as they
feed upon decaying animal and vegetable substances, and thus not
only act as scavengers, but also aid in reducing the manure heap,
and the manure when spread, into a more available form of plant
food. The larvae, except in the absence of wings, resemble the
adults both in structure and habits, and together with them occur
beneath bark, in fungi and in decaying plants, while some are guests
in the nests of ants, being reared and attended as carefully while
young, as are the young of the ants themselves.

Sharp says that "it is probable that one-hundred thousand spe-
cies or even more of StaphylinidcP are at present in existence."
This may be an exaggeration. But 9,000 species are at present de-
scribed, 1,500 of which are from the United States alone, and many
new ones are turning up each year. As in the other families, the
present paper treats only of those which have been taken in the
State, or which, from their known range, should occur. It is prob-
a.ble that fully half as many more really occur, many of which are
at present unknown to science. The literature treating of the

THE SHORT- WLNGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 335

known North American species is scattered through many volumes
and the more important papers will be mentioned under the respec-
tive tribal headings.

The family is divided into eleven subfamilies, nine of which are
known to be represented in the State, while the other two may be.

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF STAPHYLINIDJE.

a. Antenna; 11- (rarely 10-) jointed, without abrupt club and not received

in cavities on the under side of thorax:.
l>. Antennae inserted upon the front between the eyes, and behind, their

front margin.

c. Front coxae large, conical ; hind coxae transverse, contiguous ; fourth
joint of maxillary palpi distinct; antennae not at all clavate;
thoracic spiracles visible. Subfamily I. ALEOCHARIINLE, p. 336.
cc. Front coxse small; hind coxie small, conical, widely separated;
fourth joint of maxillary palpi obsolete ; antennae slender, the
last three joints suddenly larger ; eyes large and prominent.

Subfamily III. STENINJE, p. 400.

bb. Antennae not inserted upon the front between the eyes; hind coxa-
contiguous.

(L Antennae inserted at the front margin of the front of the head, fili-
form or gradually thickened ; fourth joint of maxillary palpi dis-
tinct. Subfamily II. STAPHYLININ^, p. 367.
<ld. Antennae inserted at the sides of the front of the head.

.'. Front coxae conical, prominent, rarely (Tribe Proteinini) trans-
verse.

f. Hind coxae conical.

</. Tarsi 5-jointed, very rarely the middle and hind ones 4-
jointed ; front coxae long, strongly projecting from the pro-
sternum ; eyes not prominent ; antennae inserted under a
more or less prominent frontal ridge.

Subfamily IV. P^EDEKIN^, p. 414.

gg. Tarsi 4-joiuted; front coxae short; first joint of maxillary
palpi at least one-half as long as second.

Subfamily VII. EU.ESTHETIN.E. p. 458.
//. Hind coxae transverse or triangular.

li. Seventh ventral segment retractile and hidden.

i. Head inclined, narrower than thorax and more or less in-
serted in the latter ; body convex, conical and pointed
behind ; thoracic spiracles visible ; epipleura distinctly
limited by a cariua.

Subfamily V. TACHYPORIN^, p. 441.

ii. Head directed forward ; body slender, depressed ; epipleura

ill defined, n.it limited by a cariua; thoracic spiracles

hidden. Subfamily VI. PHLCEOCHARINTE, p. 457.

lib. Seventh ventral segment exposed ; antennre inserted under

the widened margins of the front of head.

12223402]

FAMILY xi. STAI'UYLIXIU/E.

j. Middle coxte very widely separated; front of head trun-
cate just before the eyes; last joint of labial palpi very
large, lunate. Subfamily VIII. OXYPOKIN.E, p. 459.

jj. Middle coxae contiguous or nearly so ; front more or less
prolonged before the eyes; labial palpi with last joint
normal. Subfamily IX. OXYTELINJE, p. 401.

ee. Front coxse globose, not prominent; hind cox?e transverse; form
very elongate, slender, parallel.

Subfamily X. PIESTIN.E, p. 4s: 1 ,.

(/<;. Antenme 9-jointed with abrupt dub. received in cavities on under side
of thorax : hind cox.-e small, rounded and widely separated.

Subfamily XI. MICROPEPLIN/E, p. 484.

Subfamily I. ALEOCHARINAE.*

Antenna? inserted between the eyes and behind their front mar-
gin, 11- jointed (10-jointed in the Tribe Oligotini) ; elytra either
covering entirely the first two dorsal plates of the abdomen or leav-
ing the apical half of the second plate uncovered; abdomen mar-
gined at the sides, the second ventral plate rudimentary; front coxa 1
conical, prominent, usually shorter than the front thighs; hind
coxa? contiguous, with broad, flat external lamina? and with elevated
internal lamina?, the latter narrowed behind or subparallel; tarsi
variable, 3-, 4- or 5-jointed.

The larva? are but little known, greatly resembling in general
those of the Tachyporina?. The species of Aleocharina? are among
the smallest of the family, are very numerous and their life habits
are extremely diversified. They occur under stones, on dead ani-
mals, in excrement, in mushrooms and toadstools, in decaying veg-
etable matter, under the bark of various trees, under moss, in old
tree trunks and at running sap. Some live on the shores of running
or stagnant water, some exclusively on the seashore or on the shores
of brackish water, while others live in shore sand, in caves, a few in
flowers and a great number in the nests of ants and termites. A
few are also found in the nests of vertebrate animals, like wood-
rats, squirrels, swallows, etc. No member of the subfamily is known
to have any economic importance except as a scavenger.

The best works of reference on the American Aleocharinag are :

Erichsou. Ka?fer der Mark Brandenburg, Berlin, 1837.

Genera et species Staphylinorum, Berlin, 1840.

GaiHjllxiui >. Die Kaefer von Mitteleuropa, II. Wien, 1895.

Cuxt i/. "Observations on the Staphylinid Groups Aleocharina?,
and Xantholinini. chiefly of America," in Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis. XVI, 1906, 125-434.

* The outline and keys to tribes and genera of this subfamily were furnished by Dr. A. Fenyes of Pasadena
California, through whose hinds all the species have passed. The other matter, including keys to species and
descriptions, was prepared by the writer. W. S. B.

THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 33^

Fenyes. "A Preliminary Systematic arrangement of the Aleo-
charime of the United States and Canada," in Entom. News.
XIX, 1908, 56-65.

The work of Director L. Ganglbauer has been the one principally
drawn upon for the present classification of the subfamily.

KEY TO THE INDIANA TRIBES OF ALEOCHAKIN^E.

a. Head prolonged in a beak in front; inner lobe of the inaxilla? entirely

corneous or horn-like, its inner side with teeth or spines.
&. All the tarsi with three joints. Tribe I. DINOPSINI, p. 337.

&&. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints.

Tribe II. MYLL^ININI, p. 338.

aa,. Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the maxillre
corneous on the outer side, coriaceous or leather-like on the inner
side.
c. All the tarsi with four joints.

d. Antennae with 11 joints. Tribe III. HYGKONOMINI, p. 338.

dd. Antennae with ten joints. Tribe IV. OLIGOTINI, p. 339.

cc. Front and middle tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints.

Tribe V. BOLITOCHARINI, p. 339.
ccc. Front tarsi with four, middle and hind tarsi with five joints.

Tribe VI. MYRMEDONIINI, p. 344.
eccc. All the tarsi with five joints. Tribe VII. ALEOCHARINI, p. 3GO.

Tribe I. DINOPSINI.

Head prolonged in a broad and short beak in front. Lobes of
the maxilke very long and narrow, the inner lobe entirely horn-
like, its inner side with unequal teeth on apical half. Maxillary
palpi very long and slender, apparently only three-jointed, the
fourth joint minute, scarcely visible, aciculate. Labial palpi with
the basal joint very large, elongate, the second and third joints
small. All the tarsi with three joints.

The tribe contains only the single genus :

I. DINOPSIS Matth. 1838. (Gr., ' ' wonderful + face. ")

Antenna 1 slender, head rather large ; thorax transverse, elytra as
long as or one-third longer than thorax ; abdomen strongly narrowed
behind the middle and with two anal styles.
030 (2088). DINOPSIS AMERICANA Kr., Linn. Ent., XI, 1857, 38.

Elongate, slender, depressed. Piceous, subopaque, sparsely clothed with
very fine short, prostrate piib<>s<vnro; antemup, labrum, palpi and tarsi dull
yellow. Thorax convex, more than twice as wide as long, sides rounded on
apical half, hind angles rectangular ; surface, as well as that, of elytra and
abdomen, very minutely and densely granulate-punctate. Elytra one-third
longer than thorax, the granules arranged in oblique stria?. Length 3 mm.

Putnam and Franklin counlics; rare. June 11 September 25.

338 FAMILY XI. STAPIIYLINID/E.

631 (2089). DINOPSIS MYTXJENOIDES Kr., Linn. Ent., XI, 1857, 38.
Smaller and somewhat paler than amcricana. Dull brown, the thorax

and elytra thickly clothed with silken yellowish prostrate pubescence; an-
tennte, legs, front margin of thorax and last ventral and dorsal segments,
dull brownish-yellow. Thorax and elytra as in amcricana, the latter about
as long as thorax, the granules finer. Length 2-2.5 ram.

Laporte and Posey counties; scarce. April 18- July 15. Occurs
in moist places beneath rubbish.

Tribe II. MYLL./ENINI.

Head prolonged in a beak in front. Lobes of the maxillae very
long and slender, the inner lobe entirely corneous, its inner side with
saw-like teeth. Maxillary palpi very long and slender. Labial
palpi very thin, bristle-like. Front and middle tarsi with four,
hind tarsi with five joints.

The tribe contains only one genus.

II. MYLL^NAEr. 1837. (Gr., "to twist.")

Antennae slender, head rather small; elytra as long as or shorter
than the thorax; abdomen strongly narrowed toward the apex.

632 (2086). MYLIJENA MTNUTA Grvh., Mon. Col. Micr., 1800, 174.

Dark brown ; legs and apical third of antennae dull yellow. Thorax
one-half wider than long, sides of disk strongly sloping toward the front
angles, which are rounded. Elytra about two-thirds the length of thorax,
its surface, as well as that of the latter, densely and minutely punctate.
Length 2 rnm.

Putnam County; frequent. March 20-October 17. Taken by
sitting vegetable debris from about a hillside spring.

633 (- ->. MYLI^ENA VULPINA Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr., 1907. 381.
Head, thorax and abdomen in great part, piceous; legs, basal joint of

antenna', tip of abdomen and elytra (in great part) brownish-yellow; an-
tei'iKt and base of elytra fuscous. Thorax one-third wider than long, hind
angles obtusely rounded. Elytra as wide and as long as thorax, the sur-
face, as well as that of the latter, minutely and densely punctate; apex
notched near the outer angle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than
elytra ; densely and finely punctate. Length 2.2 mm.

Laporte County; rare. July 15.

Tribe III. HYGRONOMINI.

Head not prolonged in a beak in front; antennas with eleven
joints; inner lobe of the maxillae externally corneous, internally
coriaceous; all the tarsi with four joints.

TIII<: SIFORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 339

The only genus of the tribe occurring in Indiana is :

III. GYRONYCIIA Casey. 1893. (Gr., "circle + claw.")

Elongate, linear, depressed; head of moderate size; antennas
long, slender, the outer joints usually slightly enlarged; third joint
of maxillary palpi but slightly longer than second; thorax oblong;
elytra long and well developed ; tarsal claws divergent, abruptly
bent downward behind the middle.

634 (9608). GYRONYCHA FUSCICEPS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893,
376.

Dull reddish-brown, head pic-onus : legs and basal joints of antennae pale
yellow. Head about as Ions as wide, shorter and slightly narrower than
thorax ; antennae as long as thorax and elytra, the outer joints feebly but
distinctly larger, the third shorter than the second. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, sides feebly rounded ; disk, as well as that of elytra, faintly alu-
taceous, minutely and densely punctate. Elytra one-third wider and longer
than the thorax, thickly clothed with fine, short yellowish pubescence.
Length 2.7 mm.

Putnam County; i-are. October 17.

Tribe IV. OLIGOTINI.

Head not prolonged in a beak in front. Antenna? with ten joints
only. Inner lobe of the maxilla? as in the preceding tribe. All the
tarsi with four joints.

Although no representative of the tribe has been found thus far
in Indiana, yet it is very probable that one or more members of the
following genus occur :

OLIGOTA Mannh. 1830. (Gr., "little.")

Very small; antenna- 1 short, the outer joints much thickened;
head rather small, narrower than thorax, base not constricted; tho-
rax very short, much wider than long, as wide at base as elytra
which arc rather short ; abdomen pointed behind.

Tribe V. BOL1TOCHAKINI.

Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the max-
illa? horn-like or corneous on inner side, leather-like on outer side
(in Silusa the whole inner lobe is horn-like). Front and middle
tarsi with four, hind tarsi with five joints. The following genera
are probably represented in the State :

3-tO FAMILY XI. STAI'HYLIXIDJE.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF BOLITOCHARINI.

n. Mesosternal process broadly truncate or emarginate behind; middle
coxse widely separated; labial palpi with two joints only.

IV. GYROPH.ENA.

mi. Mesosternal process more or less pointed behind; middle coxa' moder-
ately separated or contiguous.
lj. Labial palpi with two joints only.

c. Hind tarsi with the first joint at least as long as the second and
third together; front tarsi with the first joint distinctly longer
than the second: lignla very broad and short, very broadly
rounded in front; labial palpi short, their first joint swollen.

PLACUSA.

cc. Hind tarsi with the first joint not or only a little longer than the

second; front tarsi with the first three joints equally long; ligula

very narrow; labial palpi with both joints more or less elongate.

(I. Labial palpi moderately long, not bristle-like; ligula moderately

narrow, split at tip ; body depressed. V. HOMALOTA.

dd. Labial palpi very narrow, prominent, stiff, bristle-like; ligula

very narrow, entire, more or less narrowed toward tip; body

rather convex. SILVSA.

bb. Labial palpi with throe joints.

e. Ligula entire.

/. Labial palpi with the second joint as long as and scarcely nar-
rower than the first. VI. LEPTUSA.
ff. Labial palpi with the second joint longer and narrower than the
first; thorax wider than elytra. VII. PHILOTERMES.
ee. Ligula split, or bifid at tip. VIII. P.OLITOCHARA.

IV. GYROPiLKNA^Iannh. ism (Gr., "a circle + to show.")

Form short and broad; antenna' rather short; head strongly
transverse; eyes prominent; third joint of maxillary palpi thick-
ened; thorax short, broad, distinctly margined; elytra large, abdo-
men short and broad; surface smooth, shining, almost destitute of
hairs or punctures. The species live in fungi and are gregarious.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GYROPH.ENA.

'/. Anteniue abruptly dilated beyond the fourth joint, the last seven joints

forming n loose parallel dub.
t>. Klytra and abdomen almost wholly black or piceons.

';:;.">. coiatrscviA.

l>~h. L'l.vtra and abdomen almost wholly pale. <;.",(;. I.OHATA.

<ni. Autennal joints gradually enlarged from fourth joint to tip: abdomen

blcolored.

G. Eyes always separated by more than twice their own width; base

and apex of abdomen pale. n.37. VIXTT.A.

cc. Eyes more convex, separated by not more than their own width;

basal half of abdomen pale, apex black. r.38. DISSIMILIS.

TIIK SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGEB BEETLES.

<;:)5 (L'OSU). GYUOLMM:NA coiuu set. LA Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph.. 1S40. 180.

Short, broad, subparallel. Blackish-piceous, shining; elytra often more
or less brownish ; antenme and legs pale yello.w. Thorax t\vice as wide as
long, slightly wider than head, sides curved, surface minutely and sparsely
punctate. Elytra a little wider and longer than thorax, sparsely pubescent;
minutely, roughly and sparsely punctate. Length 1-1.5 nun.

Marion, Monroe ;i:id Posey comities; frequent locally. June 2-
October 31. Occurs in lealliery fungi on sides of oak and beech
si limps.

<;:;; ( ). GYKOIMI.K.NA I.OHATA Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. SI. Luuis. X\'l,
11)06, 293.

Uather stout, spindle-shaped. Brownish-yellow, shining; head black,
outer apical angle of elytra, disk of thorax and fourth dorsal segment of ab-
domen more or less fuscous. Antenna? reaching base of elytra, joints 5-10
brownish, slightly wider than long. Thorax much wider than head, two-
thirds wider than long, sides broadly rounded into base; disk smooth with
the exception of almut ten widely scattered punctures, the post-median pair
strong. Elytra a fourth wider and one-half longer than thorax, minutely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2.2 mm.

Marion County ; rare. Mny 22. Taken by sweeping. Described
from New York.

G37 (2077). GYROPII^.NA VIM LA Erichs.. Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 186.

Rather stout, subparallel. Pale reddish-yellow ; head, apical third of
elytra, except at suture, and fourth and fifth dorsal segments of abdomen
black or piceous. Thorax not quite twice as wide as long, parallel and
rounded on the sides; surface very sparsely and obsoletely punctate with
two larger punctures behind the middle. Elytra about one-fifth wider and
one-half longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Length 1.5-
2.5 mm.

Southern half of State ; frequent. March 20-September 25.
Occurs on fleshy fungi.

G38 (2078). GYROPHVENA DISSIMILIS Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 186.

Form of rinula. Pale dull yellow; head, apical angles of elytra and
apical half of abdomen blackish ; antenna? and legs yellow. Thorax wider
than head, nearly twice as wide as long, otherwise as in vinula. Elytra
with the humeri more narrowly exposed than in that species. Length !..">
2.3 mm.

Southern half of State; frequent. May 13-Septeinber 25.

PLAcrsAEr. 1837. (Gr.. "plate.")

Antenna' shrrt. head rather small ; thorax broad, strongly trans-
verse; elytra large, abdomen subparallel.

No member of the genus has as yd been recorded from Indiana,
but its occurrence in the State is very probable.

:U2 FAMILY XL STAPHYLINID^E.

V. HOMALOTA Mannh. 1SW. (O., "a fiat surface.")
To this g"iius. :is characteri/.ed in the key. belongs one Indiana
species.

639 (2008). HOMALOTA PLAXA Gyllli., Ins. Suec., I, 1810, 402.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Piceous, opaque; antenna, elytra and last
dorsal segment of abdomen brownish ; legs dull yellow. Head large, its sur-
face densely and rather coarsely punctate. Thorax slightly wider than
head, one-fourth narrower at base than apex; sides rounded, disk finely
and densely punetale and with a distinct median impressed line. Elytra
one-third wider and ab.iut one-half longer than tin -rax. densely and rather
coarsely punctate. Abdomen as long as the rest of the body, slightly nar-
rower than elytra ; its sides parallel and of equal width to terminal seg-
ment. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.

Maiicn and Putnam counties; scarce. February 4- December 7
Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.

VI. LEFT us A Kr. 1858. (Gr., "slender.")

Elongate, slender parallel forms having the antennte rather
short, head moderately large, thorax usually narrower than elytra
and slightly narrower at base than apex.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTUSA.

(i. Abdomen in great part pale.

b. Thorax and elytra uniform brownish-pieeuus. much darker than the

base of abdomen. 640. CASEYI.

bb. Thorax and elytra reddish-yellow, or of the same hue as the basal

portion of abdomen. 641. ELEGANS.

mi. Abdomen, as well as thorax and elytra, dark brown or piceous.

642. OBSCURA

640 ( -). LEPTUSA CASEYI Feny., Eiitoin. News., XVIII, 1907, 61; tri-

color Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906, 351.
Slender, parallel, convex. Uniform dark brown or piceous, subopaque :
abdomen pale reddish-yellow the fourth and fifth dorsal segments in part
or wholly piceous ; antenna? black, paler at base and tips ; legs pale. An-
teume longer than head and thorax, the second and third joints elongate
and subequal, the outer joints broader than long. Thorax a third wider
than head and two-fifths wider than long ; surface rather coarsely, densely
and shallowly punctate. Elytra slightly wider, one-third longer and more
deeply and roughly punctate than thorax. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Putnam (Vunly; rare. April 22. Taken by sifting. This is
Casey's tricolor described from Iowa and Cincinnati. Ohio. Fenyes,
loc. cil., showed that Casey's name was preoccupied.

V

t'41 ( ). LEPTUSA ELEGANS sp. nov.

Form of caxei/i, but a little more slender. Reddish-yellow, shining,
sparsely clothed with very line prostrate hairs; head, middle joints of an-

THI-: SHOI;T-WIN<;KI> SCAVKNOKI; BKKTLKS. ;M:i

temue and fourth and fifth segments of abdomen piceous. Anteun;e shorter
than in cmr?//, the second and third joints shorter and more narrow at base
than there. Thorax one-third wider than long; sides strongly rounded into
base and apex ; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a distinct im-
pression in front of scutellum. Elytra not wider and scarcely longer than
thorax ; surface coarsely, roughly and densely punctate. Abdomen not wider
than elytra, parallel to tip ; finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Described from four specimens taken near San Pierre, Pulaski
County. June 19. Occurs beneath cover in dry sandy places. A
handsome little species of nearly equal width throughout.

<>42 ( -). LEPTUSA OBSCURA sp. nov.

Form of citxriii. Piceous. subnpaque : thorax and elytra dark brown:
base of anteurue and legs paler. Thorax one-half wider than head, sides
rounded into base, disk rather coarsely and densely punctured. Elytra two-
thirds longer and distinctly wider than thorax; more coarsely and roughly
punctate than there. Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra. Length
2.5-3 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 17-April 22. A
pair taken in coitu from beneath a chunk in low open woods.

VTI. FHILOTERMES Kr. 1857. (Gr., "to love + termes.")

Small and rather broad species having the head large, antenna?
stout; abdomen large, flat; legs rather short. The species live with
termites or white ants.

G43 (2073). PHILOTERMES PILOSUS Kr., Linn. Entom., XI, 1857, 14.

Rather broad, depressed, parallel. Reddish-yellow, strongly shining,
sparsely clothed with short, erect yellowish hairs ; elytra and fourth and
fifth abdominal segments indefinitely darker. Head not punctate. Thorax
subelliptical, twice as wide as head, truncate in front, sides rounded into
base; surface smooth or nearly so. Elytra one-half longer but much nar-
rower than thorax and slightly wider than abdomen, smooth. Abdomen not
punctate. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Crawford and Posey counties; scarce. April 19-May 26. Oc-
curs in the nests of the white ant or termite, Tcrmcs flavipes Koll.,
which are usually in rotten or decayed wood. The beetles are very
active and often quickly escape when the nest or gallery is un-
covered.

644 (2075). PHLLOTERMES FUCHSII Ki'aiit/,., Linn. Enl. 7eits., XI, 1857. 11.
More slender than iiilosiix. Fuscous r smoky brown, shining, thickly
pubescent; antenna? and legs paler. Antemue longer than head and thorax,
joints 4-10 wider lhan long; eleventh larger, ovate-acuminate. Thorax as
wide at middle as length of elytra, all the angles rounded; apex truncate;
surface, as well as that of head, finely and very densely punctate with yel-

344 FAMILY XT. STAI'HYLINID^.

lowish erect hairs on sides and scattered erect black ones on disk. Elytra
less densely and less finely punctured. Seventh segment of abdomen closely
punctured above and with an inferior lobe in male. Length 1.2 mm.

Marion County; rare. May 15. Taken from among termites
beneath bark. Described from Tennessee.

VIII. BOLITOCIIARA Mannh. 18M (Gr.. "fungi + to delight in.")

Rather broad forms having the antennae short, stout, less than
half the length of body; abdomen somewhat narrowed toward tip;
legs long and slender.

045 (2009). BOLITOCHAKA TRIMACULATA Er., Geu. Sp. Staph., 1840, 105.

Rather stout and broad, subparallel. Dark brown to piceous, shining,
sparsely clothed with short, prostrate yellowish hairs; elytra dull yellow,
with the apical half, except at suture, and a common rounded basal median
spot, dark brown ; legs and basal joints of antenna? yellow : basal half of ab-
domen often tinged with reddish. Thorax sul (elliptical, more than one-half
wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk rather finely and closely
punctate and with a rounded impression in front of scutellum. Elytra
slightly wider and two-thirds longer than thorax, coarsely, roughly and
shallowly punctate. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra, coarsely and
rather closely punctate both above and below. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Southern two-thirds rf State; scarce. March 20-November f>.
Taken from beneath debris in damp localities.

(>4(i (9591). UOLITOCHABA BLANCHARDi Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII.
1892, 369.

Rather stout, parallel. Head black; thorax piceous, slightly paler along
the basal margin; elytra fuscous, the basal third and often the suture, dull
yellow ; legs and abdomen reddish-yellow, the last two or three segments
of the latter in great part piceous. Thorax three-fourths wider than long,
sides broadly rounded into base, disk finely, densely and somewhat roughly
punctate and with a distinct impression on middle of base. Elytra slightly
wider and one-half longer than thorax, impressed along the suture on b;isal
half, rather finely and closely punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower than
elytra, ftvbly tapering, finely and densely punctate; fifth dorsal segment of
male carinate at middle. Length 2.T-."..2 mm.

Fulton. .Marion and Putnam counties; frequent. April 30-Xo-
veinber 28. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.

*

Tribe VI. MYUMEDOXIINT.

Head not prolonged in a beak in front ; inner lobe of the maxilla-
with its outer side horn-like, its inner side leather-like. Front tarsi
with four, middle and hind tarsi with live joints. The following
genera are known to be represented in the State.

THE SHORT-WING RD S('.\ V K\<; KR BEETLES. 345

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF MYUMEDONIINI.

. Sides of the front dorsal segments of abdomen without tufts of hair.
b. Maxillary cavity or hiatus only narrowly separated, from and not
reaching as far behind as the eyes; inner lobe of maxilke with a
row of long, curved teeth, or comb-like on the inner margin toward
the curved apex ; epimera of metasternum as a rule not reaching
beyond the hind margin of elytra.
c. Head strongly constricted behind into a neck, the latter only about

one-fourth as wide as head.

'/. Scutellum not carinate. IX. CHITALJA.

'/(/. Scutellum acutely and strongly carinate. X. FALAGRIA.

cc. Head not or only moderately constricted behind.

e. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base distinctly trans-
versely sulcate or transversely constricted.

f. First joint of hind tarsi at least as long as second and third
together. XI. TACHYUSA.

ff. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than second and third to-
gether.

(j. Thorax transversely impressed at base. XII. GNYPETA.

gg. Thorax not impressed at base. XIII. MERONERA.

ee. Front ventral segments of abdomen at base not transversely sul-
cate or constricted.

h. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with four joints.
i. Seventh segment of abdomen not cariuate in male.

XIV. TINOTUS.
ii. Seventh segment of abdomen carinate in male.

j. First four joints of hind tarsi gradually decreasing in

length; elytra simple in male. XV. PLATANDRIA.

jj. First four joints of hind tarsi equal ; elytra carinate in

male. XVI. HOPLANDRIA.

hh. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints.

k. Abdomen wholly without punctures ; basal joint of hind tarsi

as long as the next two combined. XVII. XESTURIDA.

kk. Abdomen with distinct punctures ; hind tarsi with four basal

joints equal.
/. Entire body clothed with rather long erect hairs.

XVIII. TRICHIUSA.
II. Body at most in parts clothed with erect hairs.

XIX. ATHETA.

bb. Maxillary hiatus or cavity separated from the eyes by rather large
cheeks and reaching behind further than the eyes ; inner lobe of
maxillae with three or four curved teeth on the inward turned apex
and with long and dense pubescence behind these teeth, the outer
lobe very long and slender; epimera of metasternum always reach-
ing beyond the hind margin of elytra; first joint of hind tarsi elon-
gate longer than second and third joints together. XX. ZYRAS.
aa. Sides of front dorsal segments of abdomen with dense tufts of yell iw
hairs. XXI. XENODUSA.

34G

FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^E.

IX. CHTTAMA Slip. 1883.

Rather elongate species having Ihe head large ; antenna? long ami
stout, the last joint much shorter than the two preceding combined;
thorax cordate; elytra with prominent, almost square shoulders; ab-
domen nearly parallel : middle cox;p widely separated ; legs long and

li shorter than the next three

stout, the basal joint of hind tarsi

combined.

647 (2002)

Fig. 153. X 15. (Original.)

CHITALIA BILOBATA Say, Trans.

Amer. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836,

356; ibid. II, 589.

Elongate rather stout convex. Dark brown
to piceous, shining; legs and basal joints of
autenn;e brownish-yellow. Thorax cordate,
slightly wider than head and as long as wide.
sides rounded in front, strongly converging
behind ; disk finely and sparsely punctate and
with a wide, deep median groove; scutellum
finely and densely granulate and often with
a median line. Elytra one-half wider than
thorax, as wide as long, finely and sparsely
granulate-punctate, more densely so on basal
half. Abdomen narrower than elytra, rather
closely and roughly punctate. Length 3-
3.3 mm. (Fig. 153.)

Throughout the State; scarce. April 16-October 31. Taken
beneath bark and by sifting vegetable debris in moist woods.

X. FALAGRIA Mannh. 1830.

This genus is closely allied to the preceding, differing mainly by
having the scutellum distinctly carinate. The meso- and metasterua
are on the same plane, whereas in Ciii1<iH<i the mesosteruum is raised
above the metasternum.

648 (1996). FALAGRIA CINGULATA Lee., Prof. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1866.

370.

Elongate, slender, convex. Pale to dark reddish-brown, shining, feebly
pubescent; elytra often paler at base; apical half of abdomen blackish; legs
dull yellow or in part piceous. Antennae reaching apex of elytra, second and
third joints subequal. Thorax narrower than head, longer than wide, sides
rounded in front, converging and sinuate toward base; disk minutely and
sparsely punctate and with a deep median groove. Scutellum finely and
sparsely granulate and with a single median farina. Elytra nearly twice
as wide but not much longer than thorax, minutely and indistinctly punc-
late. Abdomen narrower than elytra, slightly widened behind the middle,
linel.v and rather closely punctate. Length 2.5-3 mm.

1'iitnain, Monroe. Lawrence and 1'osey counties; scarce. April
]8-June 9. Taken by sifting. Much more slender, with a nai--

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 347

rower and loss deeply grooved thorax mid a more dislindly punc-
tured head than in Chit alia bilohn-ta.

649 (2003). FALAGKIA DISSECTA Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1S40, 49.

Stouter and a little shorter than cinyulata. Black or piceous, shining,
sparsely clothed with short fine hairs ; antennae and elytra often brownish ;
legs brownish-yellow. Antenn;e not reaching middle of elytra. Thorax
wider than head and slightly wider than long, sides strongly rounded in
front, thence converging to base ; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with
a deep median groove. Scutellum with two carinse at middle. Elytra one-
half wider and slightly longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate ;
abdomen parallel, narrower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length
2-2.5 mm.

Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 26-Decem-
ber 7. Taken by sifting. The darker color and the two carinas of
scutellum readily distinguish this from cingulata.

XL TACHYUSA Erichs. 1837. (Gr., "swift,")

Slender-bodied forms having the antennas long and slender;
middle coxre almost contiguous ; thorax narrower than elytra ; abdo-
men narrow, usually constricted at base and with the first three
dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, the impressions coarsely
sculptured and divided on the median line by a fine carina which
joins the raised basal margin.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TACHYUSA.

a. Abdomen highly polished, almost smooth; larger, 3-3.5 mm.

650. GRACILLIMA.

aa. Abdomen alutaceous and pubescent, minutely and closely punctate;

smaller, not over 2.8 mm.
&. Thorax convex or feebly flattened; abdomen wholly dark.

651. AMERICANA.

bb. Thorax with a deep median groove; abdomen pale at base.

652. CAVICOLLIS.

650 (2046). TACHYUSA GRACILLIMA Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29.

Elongate, slender. Blackish-piceous, shining ; antennae and legs red-
dish-brown, tarsi yellow ; basal segments of abdomen reddish. Antennae
reaching tips of elytra, the second and third joints elongate, sub-equal.
Thorax about as wide as long, scarcely wider than head; sides feebly
rounded in front, almost straight on basal half; disk finely and rather
densely punctate, in female often with a faint median impression. Elytra
(ue-half wider and two-thirds longer than thorax, rather coarsely, sparsely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at base than middle.
Length 3-3.5 mm.

Starke and Lawrence counties ; scarce. June 4-June 16. Prob-
ably occurs sparingly along shores throughout the State.

348 FAMILY XI. STAIMIYLTNID.I-:.

651 (- -). TAciivrsA AMERICANA Casey, Trans. Acacl. Sci. St. Louis,

XVI, 1906, 207.

Slender, convex. Blackish-piceous, shining, sparsely clothed with pros-
trate yellowish pubescence ; elytra dark brown, the tips paler ; antenna? fus-
cous or reddish-brown ; legs pale yellow, the femora often darker. An-
tenna? reaching middle of elytra, the second joint longer than third. Thorax
about as long MS wide, distinctly wider than head, disk convex (male),
feebly flattened along the middle (female), finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra about one-half wider and a third longer than thorax, minutely,
sparsely and roughly punctate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.

Clark and Posey counties; scarce. May 6-June 3.

652 (2043). TACIIYISA CAVICOLLIS Lee., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29.
Elongate, very slender, sparsely and finely pubescent. Thorax and ely-
tra reddish-brown, the latter with tips paler; head and apical half of ab-
domen piceous; antenna? and legs pale yellow, the former fuscous at apex;
base of abdomen reddish-yellow. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides
nearly straight; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a broad deep
groove at middle. Elytra a third wider and one-half longer than thorax,
finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen distinctly narrower at
base than middle. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Lawrence County; rare. August 7.

XII. GNYPETA Thorns. 1857. (Gr., "to fall on the knees.")

Rather stout species having the middle coxae well separated, their
cavities closed behind ; antenna? rather long ; neck two-thirds or more
as wide as head; thorax with a short transverse impression before
the scutellum ; abdomen narrower than elytra, very feebly con-
stricted at base.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GNYPETA.

a. Deep black; thorax widest at apical third; dorsal basal segments of ab-
domen coarsely and distinctly punctured. 653. NIGKELLA.
.fl. Dark reddish-brown to piceous; thorax widest at middle; basal seg-
ments of abdomen without punctures. 654. BALTIFERA.

653 (2044). GNYPETA NIGRELLA Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 29.
Deep black throughout, shining, sparsely clothed with fine grayish

hairs; antenna? and legs piceous. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, the
first three .joints equal in length. Thorax slightly wider than head, two-
fifths wider than long, sides broadly rounded in front, thence feebly con-
verging to base; disk almost without punctures, but with a faint median
line and a transverse impression at base. Elytra distinctly wider and one-
half longer than thorax, minutely and densely punctate. Abdomen nar-
rower than elytra, parallel to near apex. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Starko and Lawrence counties; scarce. Probably throughout
The Stale. May 1l-Aus>'ust 22.

THE SHORT-WTNGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. M4!)

654 (2045). GNYPETA BALTIFERA Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863. 29.
Head and apical half of abdomen piceous, shining ; thorax, elytra ami

basal half of abdomen dark reddish-brown; legs and antennae somewhat
paler. Antennae reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints equal,
longer than first, outer joints gradually larger. Thorax slightly wider than
head, a little wider than long, sides rounded, disk minutely punctate and
with an elongate, triangular median impression on basal half. Elytra two-
fifths wider and a little longer than thorax, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length 2.5-2.8 mm.

Lake and Putnam counties; scarce. April 17-May 28. Taken
by sifting.

XIII. MERONERA Slip. 1887. (Gr.. "femur.")

Very small, rather stout species having the neck less than a third
the width of head; thorax strongly convex, without basal impres-
sion ; abdomen as broad as elytra, not constricted at base.

655 (2004). MERONERA VENUSTULA Er., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 55.
Short, rather stout, subparallel. Head and last three joints of abdomen

piceous. Thorax, elytra and apical portion of antennae brown; legs, base
of antenna? and abdomen, dull yellow. Antennae stouter toward apex, reach-
ing beyond middle of elytra. Thorax slightly wider than long, scarcely
wider than head, sides rounded at apical third, thence feebly converging to
base; surface, as well as that of head, coarsely and densely punctate. Ely-
tra about one-half wider and but slightly longer than thorax, less coarsely
and more sparsely punctate. Length 1.6-1.8 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 5-December 7. Hiber-
nates as imago. Taken by sifting vegetable debris. The elytra arc
often in part or almost wholly piceous.

XIV. TINOTUS Sharp. 1883. (Gr.. "stretched or thin.")

Rather stout species having the antenna? short, head small; tho-
rax short, much wider than long, strongly convex and usually im-
pressed.

656 (9523). TINOTUS CAVICEPS Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 316.
Rather broad, subfusiform, flattened above. Black or piceous, feebly

shining; rather thickly clothed with short, pale, recumbent hairs; legs and
base of antenna? dark reddish-brown. Antennae reaching base of thorax,
second and third joints equal. Head of male broadly and deeply concave.
Thorax one-half wider than head, nearly twice as wide as long, sides
rounded; disk finely and sparsely punctate and with a large, deep median
impression (male) or a broad and feebly impressed median line (female).
Elytra equal in length and widlh to thorax, rather coarsely and rugosely
punctate. Abdomen much longer than head and thorax, nearly equal in
width to elytra, marked with elongate punctures. Length 2-2.5 mm.

'550 FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINID./F,.

Putnam County ; scarce. October 17. Sifted from debris about
a hillside spring.

XV. PLATANDRIA Casey. 1893. (Gr., " broad + male.")

Rather broad fusiform species, having the antenna? rather short
and slender, head well inserted, not constricted at base ; ligula with a
slender process which is deeply forked at apex; thorax elliptical,
much wider than long; abdomen gradually narrowed from base to
tip; hind tarsi nearly as long as tibia?, the basal joint elongate, the
next three decreasing rapidly in length.

657 (9483). PLATANURIA MORMONICA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII,

1893, 345.

Rather broad. Dark reddish-brown, feebly shining, clothed with short
sparse yellowish hairs ; abdomen black ; tibife, tarsi and base of antennae
paler. Anteunse slightly shorter than head and thorax, joints 1 to 3 sub-
equal. Thorax three-fourths wider than long; sides rounded into base,
which is broadly curved and much wider than apex; disk minutely and
evenly punctate. Elytra together one-third wider than long, slightly wider
and more coarsely and distinctly punctured than thorax. Abdomen nar-
rower than elytra, finely and closely punctate. Length 2.5-2.8 mm.

Marion and Lawrence counties; common locally on leathery
fungi growing on beach stumps. May 11-May 24.

XVI. HOPLANDRIA Kr. 1857. (Gr., "armed + male.")

Rather robust species, resembling Platandria in general appear-
ance, but having joints 1 to 4 of hind tarsi equal in length.

658 (2006). HOPLANDRIA LATERALIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Aead. Nat. Sci., II,

1844, 32.

Rather robust. Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely pubescent ; head
and joints 4 and 5 of abdomen piceous ; base of abdomen reddish, legs and
base of antenna? pale. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, joints 2 and ::
equal in length, the former stouter. 6-10 also equal and wider than the
others. Thorax much wider than head, one-half wider than long; sides
rounded into base, apex truncate, disk rather finely and closely punctate.
Elytra nearly twice as wide as long, one-fourth wider and more coarsely
1 mnctured than thorax. Length 2-2.5 mm.

Throughout the State, frequent : more so in the southern coun-
ties. March 1 9-September 25. Taken by sifting vegetable debris
in moist places. The elytra are often marked with fuscous on the
sides and near the scutellum.

XVII. XKSTURJDA C;isey. 190(1. (Gr., "refuse.")

Closely allied to Trit-Jiiusa, but in addition to characters men-
tioned in key. differing in its more slender antennae, broader neck.

THE 'SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 351

longer and more slender tarsi and less hairy upper surface. One
species is known from the Eastern United States.

659 (- -). XESTURIDA I^EVIS Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906,

325.

Short, rather stout. Dark reddish-brown, strongly shining, sparsely
and finely pubescent; head and abdomen piceous ; antennae dusky, their
basal joints and legs dark brownish-yellow. Head wider than long, paral-
lel ; antennae reaching middle of elytra, the second and third joints elongate,
subequal. Thorax wider than head, one-third wider than long; sides
parallel, rounded into base; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely, sparse-
ly and roughly punctate. Elytra three-fifths wider but only slightly longer
than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, feebly narrowed toward the tip,
the sides strongly margined. Length 1.7 mni.

Clark County ; rare. May 6. Taken from beneath a log on the
muddy banks of the Ohio River. Described from near Vicksburg,
Mississippi. The Indiana specimen is in the collection of Dr.
Fenyes.

XVIII. TRICHIUSA Casey. 1893. (Gr., "a little hair.")

Rather stout, convex species, bristling with long hairs and hav-
ing the third joint of maxillary palpi much longer and thicker than
second, fourth small, slender, oblique ; head and thorax both rather
small ; elytra wide, abdomen broad ; hind tarsi with four basal joints
equal.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF TRICHIUSA.

. Elytra with coarse punctures not bearing hairs, mixed with the smaller,

rougher, hair-bearing ones, the intervals polished, not alutaceous;

color in great part reddish-brown. 660. PARVICEPS.

aa. Elytra with a single set of minute hair-bearing punctures, the intervals

less shining and distinctly alutaceous ; color deep black. 661. ATRA.

660 ( ). TRICHIUSA PARVICEPS Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI,

1906, 328.

Short, stout, rather convex. Reddish- or chestnut-brown, shining, sparse-
ly clothed with pale, erect, conspicuous hairs; head and indefinite subapical
cloud of abdomen black ; legs and base and tips of antennre dull yellow.
Antennae reaching nearly to middle of elytra, the outer joints gradually
stout and compact ; the second and third ones nearly equal. Thorax one-
half wider than head, two-fifths wider than long, sides broadly rounded,
hind angles small but distinct ; disk with fine, rather close punctures, with
coarser ones intermixed on basal half. Elytra a third wider and longer
than thorax, punctured as mentioned in key. Abdomen slightly narrower
than elytra, the sides parallel, distinctly and rather closely punctate.
Length 2 mm.

Putnam and Monroe counties; scarce. April 17-May 13. Taken
by sifting rotten beech wood.
[2323402]

:)52 FAMILY XI. STAI'HYLINIDJE.

001 (- -). TRICHK-SA ATBA Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. SI. L., XVI, 1900.

329.

Form of the preceding but shorter. Deep black, shining, clothed with
sparse erect hairs; legs pale; antenna* fuscous, paler at base, reaching base
of thorax, more slender than in i>arriceps, second joint much longer than
third. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded into base, surface
minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half wider and longer than
thorax, the punctures more distinct than there. Abdomen parallel, as wide
as the elytra. Length 1.5 mm.

Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 17-May 12.
Taken by sifting woody debris.

XIX. ATIJETA Thonis. 1S50. (Gr., "without place or position.")

A large genus of small brown or blackish species having the head
usually narrower than thorax, the latter never wider than elytra ;
the body not clothed with prominent erect hairs as in Trichiusa.
The following species from the State have been identified by Dr.
Fen yes or are described as new, and there are also a half-dozen or
more unidentified ones at hand.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ATHETA.

w. Eyes moderate or rather large in size, separated at most by less than

twice their long diameters.

l>. Abdomen parallel or only very feebly narrowed behind the middle.
c. Third joint of antennae not, or only a little, shorter than second.
<l. Thorax only very feebly transverse, about one-third wider than

long.

c. Middle coxa: 1 almost contiguous; seventh dorsal segment of ab-
domen in male simple; color mostly black or piceous.
f. Front of head not impressed.
g. Cheeks (genre) entirely margined.

//. Male with eighth dorsal segment of abdomen simple, the

sixth ventral truncate at tip. <;r>2. PALUSTRIS.

hJi. Male with hind margin of eighth dorsal quadridentate.

the sixth ventral rounded at tip. 063. DICHROA.

(lit. Cheeks margined only behind; elytra in part and legs dull

yellow. 004. ^EMULA.

ff. Front of head distinctly impressed. 665. CAVICEPS.

". Middle coxa? more widely separated: seventh dorsal abdominal

segment of male with a blunt tubercle at middle; elytra

wholly or in great part pale.

/. Thorax without a median impressed line; eleventh antennal
joint stout, conical, almost as long as joints x 10 together.

006. DEN TATA.

//. Thorax wilh a distinct median impressed line; eleventh joint
not longer than and 10 together. 607. SULCATA.

ihl. Thorax strongly transverse, one-half or more wider than long,
densely and rather coarsely punctate: abdomen pale at base.

TTTE SHORT-WrX(JKI) SCAYEXGEi; TiEETLES. i^")'!

y. Seventh dorsal segment of male with a small flat tubercle.

(573. UNIfiRANOSA.

././'. Seventh dorsal segment of male simple. 674. VIRGINH-A.

cc. Third joint of antennae at least one-third shorter than second.
/. . ( 'olor black and yellow.

/. Thorax as broad as elytra ; form much stouter than in the
next. GUN. FIAVKOLA.

//. Thorax distinctly narrower than elytra; form slender.

669. PENNSYLVANIA.

/,/,. (' >! r black or piceous, the elytra often slightly paler.
in. liead and thorax coarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate.

670. PUNCTATA.

nun. Head and thorax very finely punctate.

/(. Au tenure wholly piceous; legs fuscous. 671. POLITA.

nn. Antennae with basal joints pale; legs wholly pale.

672. FESTINANS.

/ih. Abdomen narrowed or more or less pointed behind the middle.

o. Antennae long and stout, reaching nearly to middle of elytra ;
thorax finely, densely but distinctly punctate; color black.

675. MACROCERA.

oo. Antennae shorter and more slender, reaching only to base of elytra.
/*. Third joint of anteniue distinctly longer than second.

(/. Elytra dull yellow with a median black cloud at base; thorax
not impressed. 676. SORDIDA.

f/q. Elytra uniform brown: thorax with a median impression on
basal half. 677. LAURENTIANA.

pp. Third joint of anteniue shorter than, or at most as long as sec-
ond.

/. Apical half of abdomen piceous; thorax and elytra coarsely

and densely punctate. 678. LTJTEOLA.

n: Last two joints of abdomen pale yellow; thorax and elytra

finely, less densely punctate. 679. SUBPYGM.EA.

IKI. Eyes very small, separated by three or more times their long diameters.

.s. Front of head convex. 680. ANAI.IS.

8ft. Front of head concave. 681. CAVIFKONS.

662 (9503). ATHETA PALUSTRIS Kiesw.. Stett. Ent., Ztg., V, 1844, 3is.
Elongate, rather slender. Head and abdomen black; antenna?, thorax

and elytra piceous, finely and sparsely pubescent; legs dusky yellow. Head
convex, finely and closely punctate; antennae short, stout, reaching base o!
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax about as wide as long,
sides rounded into base, disk finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-
fourth wider, one-half longer and more coarsely and distinctly punctate
than thorax. Length 1.8-2 mm.

Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 25-April 11.
Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.

663 (2011). ATHETA DICHROA Grav.. Col. Mier.. 1802, 186.

Elongate, moderately robust. Black, feebly shining; legs, base of an-
tennae, elytra and tip of abdomen dull yellow. Antenna' reaching base of
thorax, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax nearly one-

I \.\IILY XT. STAI'IIYLINID^.

third wider than long. Imply and densely punctate; disk with a very fine
median line which expands into a shallow impression at base. Elytra
scarcely wider than thorax, densely and finely punctate. Abdomen finely
and very sparsely punctured. Length 3 mm.

Starke and Clark counties; scarce. May 7-May 19.

<;<M (2010). ATHETA .i:\ii I.A Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 102.

Elongate, rather slender. P.lack, shining; elytra, legs and base of an-
tenna? more or less dull yellow. Antennae slightly longer than head and
thorax, third joint distinctly longer than second. Thorax scarcely one-
third wider than long, minutely and rather sparsely punctate; disk with a
rather wide, shallow impression at middle of base. Elytra one-third wider
and one-half longer than thorax, densely and rather coarsely punctate.
Length 2.7-3 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Clark counties; frequent. March 6-No-
vember 28. Taken by sifting. The sides of elytra are more or less
fuscous.

GG5 ( ). ATHETA CAVICEPS sp. nov.

%

Elongate, rather stout, parallel. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous,
sparsely clothed with fine, pale prostrate hairs; elytra dark dull reddish-
brown; antennae piceous, the basal joints and legs dull reddish-yellow.
Front of head with a broad shallow impression. An tenure slender, reach-
ing middle of elytra, the third joint slightly longer than second. Thorax
one-third wider than long, sides broadly rounded into base, surface finely
and sparsely punctate and with a faint median impressed line. Elytra
scarcely wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely and roughly punc-
tate. Abdomen equal to elytra in width. Length 2 mm.

Lake, Marshall and Marion counties ; rare. May 15-May 20.

MO (- -). ATHETA DENTATA Brnh., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1906, 342.

Elongate, robust. Blackish piceous, shining,
sparsely and finely pubescent; elytra dull clay
yellow, the huineri, margins and apical angles
often darker ; legs dusky yellow. Head broad,
convex, almost smooth. Antennae stout, reach-
ing beyond base of thorax, second and third
joints subequal, eleventh almost as long as 8-10
combined. Thorax slightly broader than long,
sides nearly straight, hind angles rounded, sur-
face sparsely, finely and roughly punctate and
with a feeble impression at middle of base. Ely-
tra but slightly wider and one-third longer than
thorax, minutely and roughly punctate. Length
3-3.2 mm. (Fig. 154.)

Throughout the State; common in the
southern counties; less so northward.

March Hi-November 29. Our largest species; taken by sifting,
rarely by beating, and probably hibernates.

THE SHOET-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. ^55

r><>7 ( ). ATHETA SULCATA sp. nov.

Elongate, robust. Pieeous, shining; elytra uniform dull clay yellow;
antenna" fuscous, the two basal joints and lc-s pale yellow. Head broad,
front subdepressed, finely alutaceous. Antenna." as in dcntata, the apical
joint shorter. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides rounded on apical
third, thence nearly straight to base, hind angles obtuse; disk finely and
densely punctate, with a distinct but fine median impressed line and a
feeble impression at middle of base. Elytra as in dentata. Abdomen finely
and rather closely punctate; under surface much more densely pubescent
than in dcntata; the apical half of the seventh dorsal segment reddish-
translucent and with a distinct median tubercle in the male. Length
3.5 mm.

Posey County ; rare. April 22.

COS (2015). ATHETA FLAVEOLA Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., II,

1844, 30.

Rather stout. Dull reddish-yellow; head, sixth dorsal segment of
abdomen and often the tips and sides of elytra black or piceous ; legs and
base of antenna" pale yellow. Thorax one-third wider than long, sides
rounded into base ; disk finely and closely punctured. Elytra scarcely nar-
rower than thorax, sparsely and minutely punctate. Abdomen slightly nar-
rower than elytra, sparsely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2 mm.

Orange County; rare. May 31 June 1. Taken from fleshy
white fungi.

669 (- -). ATHETA PENNSYLVANIA Brnh., Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1907,

388.

Elongate, very slender. Reddish-yellow ; head and fifth to seventh seg-
ments of abdomen black ; elytra in part piceous ; legs and basal joints of
antenna pale yellow. Thorax scarcely wider than head, about as broad
as long, sides rounded into base, disk finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra
one-half wider and more coarsely punctured than thorax. Abdomen slightly
narrower than elytra, smooth or nearly so. Length 1.7-2 mm.

Lawrence and Crawford counties ; scarce. March 6- July 29.
Sifted from rotten fungi.

670 ( ). ATHETA PUNCTATA sp. nov.

Rather robust. Head, thorax and elytra dark reddish-brown, shining;
abdomen piceous ; antennae dusky, the two basal joints and legs dull yellow.
Head convex, almost as broad as thorax, coarsely, sparsely and evenly
punctate. Anteunse rather slender, longer than head and thorax, second
joint obconical, nearly one-half longer than third. Thorax one-third broader
than long, sides rounded into base, disk punctured as the head. Elytra
slightly wider and scarcely longer than thorax, the punctures a little smaller
and more sparse than there. Abdomen as wide as elytra, minutely and
sparsely punctate. Length 2 mm.

Posey County; rare. June 3. Sifted from debris of beech
stumps. Very distinct from allied species by the coarse, sparse
punctures of upper surface.

856 FAMILY XI. STAIMlYLIXm.i:.

till <2'.>i:u. ATHKTA POUTA Melsh.. I'roc. Phil. Acad. Nat. S-i.. II. 1844. 31.

Short and rather robust. Head, thorax and abdomen black, shining;
antenna' piceous; elytra and legs dusky or fuscous yellow. Head rather
broad, convex, sparsely and finely punctate; antenna' short, stout, reaching
base of thorax, the third joint two-thirds the length of second. Thorax
suborbicular. scarcely wider than long, sides rounded into base, disk very
finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-half longer and one-third wider
than thorax; more coarsely and somewhat roughly punctate. Abdomen as
wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.5-1.8 mm.

Marshall, Marion. Putnam. Monroe and Clark counties; fre-
quent. March 6-October M. Taken by sifting rotten woody debris
and leaves in damp places.

<;~2 (2013). ATM ETA FESTINANS Er.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 112.

More slender than the preceding. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra dark
reddish-brown to fuscous; antennae piceous, the basal joints and legs pale,
dull yellow. Antenna? more slender than in poll t a, reaching middle of
elytra. Thorax one-third broader than long, sides rounded into base; disk
finely and rather densely punctate and with a faint median impression on
basal half. Elytra slightly wider and one-third longer than thorax, rather
coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen parallel, equal in width to elytra.
Length 1.7-2 mm.

Marion, Putnam, Vigo, Lawrence, Clark and Posey counties;
; ;irce. January 7-Xovember 8. Taken by sifting.

<;7;> ,_ _). ATHETA UNIGRANOSA Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Zeitsch., 1900. ">21.

Elongate, rather slender. Head and middle of abdomen black; thorax,
elytra, legs, base and tip of abdomen and base of antenna? dull yellow.
Antenna' reaching base of thorax, the third joint a little shorter than sec-
ond. Thorax one-half wider than long, finely and rather closely punctate;
disk with a faint median line and a rounded impression at base. Elytra
scarcely wider and one-third longer than thorax, finely and densely punc-
tate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, parallel, finely and rather
sparsely punctate. Length 2.7 mm.

Lawrence County; scarce. July 29. Taken from fungi.

c,74 (_ _). ATHETA VIRGINICA Brnh., Deutsch. Ent. Ztschr., 1907, 393.

Elongate, rather robust. Head, thorax and apical two-thirds or more
of abdomen piceous; antenna? and elytra brownish-yellow; legs pale yel-
low; two basal joints of antenna? and base of abdomen usually reddish-yel-
low. Front of head with a small round median impression, sparsely and
finely punctate; antenna- reaching beyond base of thorax, the third joint
slightly longer than second. Thorax one-half wider than long, sides rounded
into base and apex: disk densely and rather coarsely punctate and with a
shallow median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly wider, one-half
longer and more coarsely, sparsely and roughly punctate than thorax. Ab-
domen parallel, a little narrower than elytra, indistinctly punctate. Length
2.5-2.S nun.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENUKl! I5KETLES. 357

Throughout the State; frequent. April .11 -November 21. Oc-
curs beneath vegetable debris in low moist woods; also in fungi.
This is said by Dr. Bernhauer to be a variety of crassicornis Fab.

675 (- -). ATHETA MACROCEBA Thorns., Ofo. Vet. AK. Forh., 1850, 100.

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black ; elytra
and antennae piceous; legs dull yellow. Antennas long, rather stout, reach-
ing beyond base of elytra, second and third joints subequal, fourth to tenth
as wide as long, eleventh equal to ninth and tenth. Thorax as wide as
elytra, sides rounded into base, disk finely, evenly and densely granulate-
punctate. Elytra scarcely wider than thorax, more sparsely punctate than
latter. Abdomen parallel to apical third, minutely and sparsely punctate.
Length 2.5 mm.

Marion County ; rare. May 15. Taken by sweeping.

670 (2040). ATHETA SORDIDA Marsh, Col. Brit., 1802, 514.

Elongate, robust. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous; antenna? brown;
legs dull yellow. Antenna? longer than head and thorax, the second joint
one-half the length of third. Thorax as wide as elytra, sides feebly rounded,
disk convex, densely and finely granulate-punctate and with a faint median
impressed line. Elytra one-third longer and a little more sparsely and
coarsely punctate than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from middle
to apex, densely and rather coarsely punctate. Length 2.8-3 mm.

Lake, Marion, Putnam and Dubois counties; scarce. May 12-
November 28. Sifted from moist vegetable debris.

677 ( ). ATHETA LAURENTIANA sp. nov.

Elongate, slender, sparsely clothed with yellowish pubescence. Head,
thorax and abdomen dark brown or piceous; antenna? and elytra uniform
brown; legs paler. Head convex; antenna^ reaching slightly beyond base
of thorax, the second joint two-thirds the length of third. Thorax sub-
quadrate, sides nearly straight on basal half, hind angles rounded; surface,
as well as that of head, elytra and abdomen, finely and indistinctly punc-
tate and with an oval median depression on basal half. Elytra one-third
wider and one-half longer than thorax. Abdomen distinctly tapering from
middle to apex. Length 3 mm.

Lawrence County; scarce. May 11. Taken from fungi.

678 (2014). ATHETA LUTEOLA Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph.. 1X40, 114.

Short, rather robust. Head and apical half of abdomen brownish-
piceous; antenna?, thorax, elytra and basal segments of abdomen brownish-
yellow, sparsely and finely pubescent; legs paler. Antenna- shorter than
head and thorax, second joint stouter and slightly longer than third. Thorax
as wide as elytra, twice as broad as long, sides rounded into base and apex;
disk convex, with a faint median impression on basal half. Elytra slightly
longer than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 2 mm.

358 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIBJE.

Throughout the State, common in the southern counties; much
less so northward. March 13-November 1. Taken by sifting damp
vegetable debris. Probably hibernates as irnago.
r,79 (_ _). ATHETA SUBPYGMJEA Brnh.. Deutsch. Entom. Ztschr., 1909, 526.

More slender than lutcnln. Pale brownish-yellow; head and fifth and
sixth segments of abdomen piceous; antennae dusky except at base, rather
slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax and elytra as in luteola, but
much more finely punctate, the former without median basal impression.
Length 2 mm.

Starke and Kosciusko counties ; rare. June 18-June 24. Sifted
from sphagnum mosses in tamarack swamps.

680 (2022). ATHETA ANALIS Grvh., Col. Micr. Brunsv., 1802, 76.
Elongate, very slender. Black, shining ; thorax and elytra dark brown-
ish-yellow to piceous; antennae, legs and last one or two abdominal seg-
ments brownish or dusky yellow, the tarsi paler. Antennae reaching base of
thorax, the second and third joints equal. Thorax suborbicular, slightly
narrower than elytra ; sides rounded into base and apex ; disk, as well as
that of elytra and abdomen, finely and densely punctate and with a small
transverse impression on basal third. Elytra one-third longer than thorax.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel. Length 1.8-2 mm.

Putnam and Marion counties; frequent. March 20-November
28. Taken by sifting.

681 (9498). ATHETA CAVIFEONS Sharp, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1869, 33.
Form of analis. Dark reddish-brown, head piceous; antennae, legs and

last two abdominal segments dull yellow. Head with a broad but shallow
median groove. Antennas, thorax and elytra nearly as in analis, the thorax
with an entire faint median impressed line in front of the basal impression.
Length 2 mm.

Marion County ; rare. November 21.

XX. ZYRAS Steph. 1832. (Gr., "razor.")

Rather broad species, having the head much wider than long,
slightly narrower than thorax; antenna:- robust, longer than head
and thorax, the third joint longer than second, legs long and slender.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ZYRAS.

(/. Black, the elytra fuscous; eyes very large, placed less than half their
length from base of head ; thoracic punctures extremely fine.

682. CALiGiNosrs.

an. Reddish-brown: eyes smaller, placed at nearly their own length from
base; thoracic punctures fine but distinct. 683. PLANIFER.

C.S2 (<)52S). /YHAS CAUGlNOStis ('"ase.v, Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci.. VII, 1893,

323.

Rather stout, parallel. Black; antennae and legs dark reddish-yellow;
elytra dull fuscous, shining. Thorax three-fourths wider than long, sides

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES.

359

broadly curved, hind angles obtuse and blunt; disk alutaceous, very finely
and sparsely punctate, sometimes with a fine median impressed line. Ely-
tra slightly wider and longer than thorax, finely, distinctly and densely
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, polished. Length 3 mm.

Putnam County; rare. October 17. Described from Indiana
and New York.
G83 (9533). ZYBAS PLANIFER Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 320.

Rather stout, subparallel. Dark reddish-brown, shining, the elytra
darker except on humeri ; abdomen black, the first three segments in part
or wholly pale; legs and base of antennae pale reddish-brown. Antenna
reaching middle of elytra, the third joint twice the length of second, ob-
conical. Thorax one-half wider than long, widest at apical third, sides
straight on basal half, disk convex, finely and sparsely punctate and with
a faint median impressed line. Elytra two-fifths wider and slightly longer
than thorax, rather coarsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen one-fourth
narrower than elytra, parallel, smooth or nearly so. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce. March 20-
May 25. The thorax of male has a large flattened median area and
is more coarsely punctate than in female.

XXI. XENODUSA Wasm. 1894. (Gr., "strange + guest.")

Robust brown species having the antenna? very slender, head
small; thorax wider than elytra, the sides much elevated; abdomen
as broad as elytra, parallel, the first four or five dorsal segments with
tufts of yellow hairs on the sides.
GS4. (2041). XENODUSA CAVA Lee., N. Sp. N. Am. Col.. I, 18G3, 30.

Elongate, robust, parallel.
Reddish-brown, shining,
sparsely pubescent. Antetmse
reaching middle of abdomen,
the third joint twice the length
of second. Thorax nearly four
times as wide as long, sides
broadly reflexed. hind angles
acute, much prolonged, base
bisinuate, disk minutely and
indistinctly punctate. Elytra
one-half narrower and slightly
longer than thorax. Length
5-6 mm. (Fig. 155.)

Throughout the State ;
scarce. April 25-August
17. Occurs in the nests of
several kinds of ants.
Usually but two or three

of the beetles are found at

Fig. 155. (Original.)

360 FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINID^I.

a time, but I once took L?0 or more from among a colony of the ant
('<IHI/HU>IHK pennsylvanicus beneath the bark of an elm log near
Bloomington. It is said that they are fed by the ants and in turn
exude a seeretion which is much liked by their hosts.

Tribe VII. ALEOCHARIM.

Usually rather robust species having the head not prolonged in a
beak in front; inner lobe of the maxilla 1 moderately long, its outer
side horn-like, its inner side leather-like, usually with long, thorn-
like teeth toward the tip. densely hairy behind the teeth; all the
tarsi with five joints. The tribe is represented in the State by five
genera.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF ALEOCHARIM.

r/. Head prominent, more or less strongly constricted behind; first joint
of antenna- scapiform. but only moderately long; epipleurn of thora-c
always visible from the side; third to fifth dorsal segments of ab-
domen always transversely silicate or constricted.

/(. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth joint and shorter than

second and third together; body small, linear; third to sixth dorsal

segments of abdomen transversely sulcate. XXII. PHLCEOPORA.

lilt. First joint of hind tarsi longer than the fifth joint and at least as

long as the second and third together.

c. First joint of antenna- at most only obliquely emarginate at tin-
very tip. XXIII. CALODEUA.
f-c. First joint of antenn.-e obliquely snlcate or emarginate (for the re-
ception of the second joint) in the apical fourth or fifth.

XXIV. AMAROCITAKA.
</<,'. Head not or only very feebly constricted behind, its base retracted or

only moderately prominent; first joint of antenna- never scapiform.
'/. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three joints.

XXV. OXVI-ODA.
dil. Maxillary palpi with five, labial palpi with four joints.

XXVI. ALEOCIIARA.

XXII. PHLCEOPORA Erich. 1837. (Gr.. "bark - to walk.")

Elongate, narrow forms having the head rather broad, strongly
constricted; abdomen elongate and parallel.

i;xr (- -). PHLCEOPOKA st r.i.v.vis Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI,

190(1. :;io.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Dark brown, feebly shining; head and ab-
domen pic-eons; antenna- fusci.us. the basal joints and legs yellow. Antenna-
reaching base of thorax, the outer joints transverse. Thorax as long as
wide, sides rounded in front of middle, thence nearly straight to base, disk
finely and sparsely punctured. F.lytra a third wider and a little longer than

TITK SHOUT- \vix(ii-:n s".\ VKXiiKi; HKi-TU's.

thorax, finely but distinctly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely-
tra, the first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base. Length 1.s-
2 uirn.

Lake and Marion counties; rare. July 23-December 21. Taken
from beneath bark of pine.

XXIII. CALODERA Maniih. 1830. (dr., "beantifnl + skin.")

Head broad. ])roininent ; thorax much narrower and shorter than
the elytra; legs rather long' and slender.

i;s(i (- -). CALODERA INFVSCATA sp. nov.

Elongate, rather robust, parallel. Dark brown, feebly shining, sparsely
and finely pubescent; head and apical segments of abdomen picemis. An-
tenna- stout, reaching base of thorax, the first joint pale. Thorax slightly
wider than head, a little longer than wide, sides parallel behind the middle;
surface, as well as that of elytra, finely and densely punctate. Elytra 'ine-
lialf wider and one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen narrower than ely-
tra, parallel, the first four dorsal segments rather deeply impressed. Length
1.S mm.

Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting.

XXIV. AMAROCHARA Thorns. 185^. (dr.. "I shine + I am glad.")

Head oval, antenna? rather robust; thorax subquadrate, scarcely
narrower than the elytra; abdomen parallel.

('NT (- -). A. \IAROCHABA FENYESI Sp. HOY.

Elongate. : lender, parallel. Dark chestnut brown, shining: abdomen
piremis ; legs dull yellow. Thorax subquadrate, sides nearly straight, rounded
into base; disk minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra but slightly wider
and longer than thorax, more distinctly punctate than there. Abdomen:
about as wide as elytra, the first three dorsal segments impressed at base-
Length 1.8-2 mm.

Lawrence and Clark counties; scarce. May 6-May 12. Taken
from beneath rubbish on the muddy banks of streams. Named in
honor of Dr. A. Fenyes. of Pasadena. California, the acknowledged
authority on North American Aleocharinu'.

XXV. OXYPODA Mannh. 1880. (Gr.. "sharp + feet.")

Rather robust species clothed with silky pubescence; head nar-
rower than thorax, antenna 1 elongate; 1 borax as wide or wider than
the elytra, the latter with the outer hind angles emarginate; abdo-
men usually narrowed behind the middle; legs rather elongate.
Five species have been taken in the State.

362 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF OXYPODA.

a. Larger, 3-3.2 mm. ; dark brown, elytra and legs paler.

688. SAGULATA.

. Smaller, not over 2.5 mm.

&. Thorax subparallel aiid curved at the sides, the apex almost as wide
as the base, the latter as wide as the base of elytra.

c. Dull brownish-yellow ; abdomen piceous, pale at tip, distinctly

tapering from base to apex. 689. AMIGA.

cc. Reddish-brown ; abdomen with only the fourth and fifth dorsal seg-
ments piceous, its sides nearly parallel. 690. PALUSTKIS.
bl>. Thorax subconical or with the apex distinctly narrower than base.

d. Body rather slender ; abdomen feebly tapering from base to apex ;

color chestnut brown. 691. OHLIQUA.

dd. Body linear ; abdomen straight and nearly parallel ; color brownish-
yellow. 692. PEREXILIS.

688 (2062). OXYPODA SAGULATA Erich., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 146.

Elongate, rather robust. Dark brown to piceous, sparsely clothed with
fine yellowish hairs ; elytra reddish-brown ; legs and basal joints of antenna?
iiale yellow. Antennae reaching base of thorax, the second joint slightly
lunger than third. Thorax one-half wider than long, the base as broad as
the elytra, sides moderately curved ; angles rounded, the front ones de-
flexed; disk finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra one-third longer
than thorax, more coarsely and densely punctate. Abdomen at base slightly
narrower than elytra, distinctly tapering behind the middle, densely punc-
tate, the first two segments impressed at base. Length 3-3.2 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. May 13-October 31. Taken by
sifting.

r,so (- -). OXYPODA AMIGA Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906, 312.
Elongate, subfusiform. Dull brownish-yellow, clothed with rather long.
shaggy pubescence; head and abdomen picenus. the latter pale at tip; an-
tenna fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Antennae reaching to basal
third of elytra, the second joint one-third longer than third. Thorax three-
fourths wider than long, sides strongly curved, surface, as well as that of
elytra and abdomen, very finely and rather closely punctate. Elytra about
two-fifths longer than thorax. Abdomen at base one-third narrower than
elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, the first three dorsal segments deeply
impressed nt base. Length 2-2.2 mm.

Throughout the State ; one of the most common members of the
subfamily. January 18-December 8. Taken by sifting vegetable
debris in !<>\v. moist woods. Hibernates beneath mullein leaves, bot-
tom rails of fences and other cover.

090 ( ). OXYPODA PALUSTRIS sp. nov.

Rather stout, subt'usil'orm. Dark reddish-brown, shining, sparsely and
finely pubescent ; head, elytra and fourth and fifth dorsal segments of ab-
domen piceous. Antennae reaching middle of elytra, second and third joints

THE SHORT-WINGED SC.VFEKGER BEETLES. 363

subequal. Thorax twice as wide as long, as wide at base as elytra ; sides
broadly curved, hind angles obtuse; surface, as well as that of elytra, finely
and densely punctate. Elytra one-third longer than thorax. Abdomen
slightly narrower and more coarsely punctate than elytra, sides parallel to
beyond the middle, the first three dorsal segments rather feebly impressed
at base. Length l.S-2 mm.

Starke County ; rare. May 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss of
a cranberry bog.

091 (- -). OXYPODA OBLIQUA Casey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906,
316.

Rather slender, convex. Chestnut brown, feebly shining ; head and ab-
domen piceous; tips of fifth and sixth abdominal segments and a faint, nar-
row oblique line reaching from humerus to apex of each elytron, reddish-
yellow; antenna? fuscous, the basal joints and legs pale. Thorax three-
fifths wider than long, sides broadly and feebly curved from near the base
to apex, disk finely and densely punctate and usually with a faint rounded
impression at middle of base. Elytra equal in width to and about one-
fourth longer than thorax, more coarsely and roughly punctate than there.
Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to
apex, the impressions of second and third dorsal segments shallow but dis-
tinct. Length 2.5-2.7 mm.

Marion, Putnam and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 17-No-
vember 21. Taken by sifting.

692 (- -). OXYPODA PEREXILIS Casjey, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XVI, 1906.

316.

Linear, convex. Brownish-yellow; head piceous; antenna? and apical
half of abdomen fuscous, the base of former and the tip of latter paler; legs
pale yellow. Antenna? reaching base of thorax, the second joint one-half
longer than third. Thorax one-half wider than head, two-fifths wider than
long, sides feebly curved, disk very finely and densely punctate. Elytra
slightly narrower and a little shorter, and more coarsely and roughly punc-
tate than thorax. Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, rather coarsely
and roughly punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm.

Marion, Putnam. Clark, and Posey counties; scarce. March 20-
Tuly 4. Taken by sifting moist vegetable debris.

XXVI. ALEOCTIARA Grvh. 1802. (Gr., "warmth + gladness.")

Rather broad and stout species having the head small, much nar-
rower than thorax ; eyes large, antenna? usually short and stout ;
thorax broad, the hind angles almost always rounded ; elytra short
and broad, their tips not emarginate or sinuate near the outer
angles; abdomen usually coarsely and sparsely punctate and with
the first three or four dorsal segments narrowly and acutely im-
pressed at base. Eight species have been taken in the State.

:>(54 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ALEOCHARA.

a. Form rather broad and stout, rarely parallel ; mesosternum without

trace of carina at any point.

ft. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen simple and subtruncate at apex in
both sexes.
c. Antenna? stout and spindle-shaped, not reaching base of thorax, the

joints strongly transverse ; thorax wholly black.

</. Elytra wholly black; thorax finely and sparsely punctate; length

5-7.5 mm. 693. LATA.

dd. Elytra in great part red; thorax coarsely and roughly punctate;

length 4 mm. 694. RUBRIPES.

c<: Antenme more slender, reaching middle of elytra, the joints less

transverse : thorax wholly black ; elytra red, the base and sides

narrowly black. 695. PLEURALIS.

lih. Sixth dorsal segment of abdomen with a number of sharp, triangular

teeth at apex in male, simple in female; thorax with sides dull red;

elytra in great part red. 696. LUSTRICA.

mi. Form more slender, linear, parallel; mesosternum cariuate.

e. Color in great part black or piceous ; first three dorsal segments of

abdomen impressed at base.

/- Thorax finely and evenly punctate over its entire silrface; elytra

wholly piceous. 697. SCULPTIVENTRIS.

ff. Thorax unevenly punctate, the punctures at middle of disk in two

uneven rows, the space between the rows smooth.
//. Dorsal segments of abdomen coarsely punctate, especially so in
the basal impressions; elytra each with a large, well defined,
rounded, dull yellow spot at inner angle near suture.

698. BIMACULATA.

//.'/. Dorsal segments of abdomen finely and more densely punctate;
elytra each indefinitely dull reddish at apex near suture.

699. BIPUSTULATA.

t'c. Color pale reddish-brown; first four dorsal segments of abdomen im-
pressed at base. 700. LUCIFUGA.

693 (2053). ALEOCHARA LATA Grvh., Col. Mirr. I'.runsv.. 1802. 186.

Very stout and broad. Deep black, shining,
sparsely clothed with grayish pubescence; tarsi
reddish-brown. Thorax two-thirds wider than
long, strongly rounded at base; sides feebly
curved, converging toward apex, disk minutely
;iml sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly wider
and about as long as thorax; coarsely, closely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as wide
as elytra, thence feebly but distinctly narrowed
to apex, marked with coarse, sparse, oval punc-
tures. Length 5-7.5 mm. (Fig. 15<>. i

Southern half of State, frequent. March
24 September 25. Occurs beneath carrion.

Fig. 156. Ljne shows natural size.

(Original.) Mating April 29.

THE SHORT-WINCED SCA VK\(! K K liKKTLES. 365

<i<)4 (- -). ALEOCIIARA RUBRIPKS, sp. nov.

Rather stout. Head, tlmrax and abdomen black, shining, sparsely
clothed with yellowish hair; elytra dull red. darker along the base and
sides; antenn;e and legs reddish-hrnwn. llea<l more than half the width
of thorax and. like the latter, coarsely, evenly and rather sparsely punc-
tate. Thorax one-half longer than wide, sides broadly rounded into base.
Elytra about as wide and long as thorax, rather closely and coarsely punc-
tate. Abdomen as broad as elytra, sides parallel; upper surface coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Length 4 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 21.

<>95 ( -). ALEOCHARA PLEURALIS Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L.. XVI,
1906. 141.

Rather stovrt, subparallel. Pic-eons black, shining; elytra in great part,
legs and tip of abdomen dull red: antenna- fuscous, paler at base, the sec-
ond joint much shorter than third. Thorax more than twice as wide as
head, two-thirds wider than long, sides and hind angles rounded; disk finely
and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly narrower and a little shorter than
thorax, rather finely, sparsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen at base as
wide as elytra, thence distinctly tapering toward apex: coarsely and sparse-
ly punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Lake I aporte and Yigo counties; scarce. May 2-July 3. Oc-
curs iu fleshy fungi.

r>9fi (- -). ALEOCHARA LUSTRICA Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. IV, 1834.
li;s : ibid. II. 5xr>.

Very close to pleuriiUx. IMtfers in having the thorax dull red at sides,
the base and sides of elytra more broadly picemis. Elytra and abdomen
more coarsely, densely and roughly punctate. Length 4 <> mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April Li-October 1. Occurs on
fleshy white fungi in dense, damp woods; also beneath carrion.

<>97 (9548). ALEOCHARA sci I.PTIVENTRIS Casey. Ann. X. Y. Acad. Sci., VII.
1893, 285.

Rather stout, linear, parallel. Piceous. shining: abdomen black; legs.
basal joints of antenna^ and sometimes the tips ;>f elytra dull brownish-red.
Antenna? reaching beyond base of thorax, the second joint shorter than
third. Thorax twice the width of head, one-half wider than long, the sides
rounded into base. Elytra evidently wider and about the length of thorax,
finely, densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than ely-
tra, parallel: the basal impressions of first three dorsal segments very
large, deep, coarsely and densely punctate. Length 3.8-4.5 mm.

Marion. Orange and (lark comities; scarce. April 2f)-Septein-
ber 9. Occurs on decaying fungi.

098 *(2055). ALEOCHARA IMMACTLATA Own., Col. Micr. Brunsv.. 1S02. 1ST.
Rather stout, parallel. Klack. shining; elytra paler near apex as men-
tioned in key; tibia-, tarsi and tips of lower abdominal segments dull brown-

366 FAMILY XI. STAPHY-LINID^E.

ish-red. Antennae reaching base of elytra. Thorax more than twice as
wide as head, three-fifths wider than long, sides rounded into base; disk
rather closely and unevenly punctate on sides and with two elongate, shal-
low punctured impressions at middle, the space between them smooth. Ely-
tra slightly narrower and shorter than thorax; densely and coarsely punc-
tate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, densely and coarsely punctate
above. Length 4 0.5 mm.

Southern half of State; scarce. January 1-May 5. Occurs in
horse dung and fungi. Hibernates beneath logs.

G99 (2059). AJLEOCHARA BIPUSTULATA Linn., Faun. Suec., 1761, 232.

Rather slender, parallel. Black, strongly shining, sparsely pubescent;
elytra with an irregular dull reddish spot at inner angle near suture ; legs
piceous, tarsi paler. Thorax as wide as elytra, twice as wide as long, sides
rounded into base, punctate as in bimaculata, the punctures on sides more
coarse and sparse than there. Elytra slightly longer than thorax, rather
coarsely, closely and deeply punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel.
Length 2.5-^1 mm.

Beach of Lake Michigan. Lake County; rare. June 6-June 28.
A member of the boreal fauna. A. u it id a Grvh. is a synonym, as is
probably also A. verna Say.

700 (9551). ALEOCHARA LUCIFUGA Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893,

288.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Pale reddish-brown, shining; head and
dorsal segments of abdomen more or less piceous. Antennae stout, reaching
beyond base of thorax, the second- and third joints subequal. Thorax about
one-fourth wider than long, sides evenly rounded, apex narrower than base ;
disk finely, sparsely and indistinctly punctate. Elytra very slightly wider
and about as long as thorax, rather coarsely, closely and roughly punctate.
Abdomen elongate, slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence" feebly
tapering to apex; the impressions of basal segments rather coarsely and
closely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.

Two specimens were taken in Truett's cave, Monroe County,
July 9, about 700 feet from the entrance. They were found be-
neath some moldy chicken bones left by visitors. Casey, loc. cit.,
says: 'This interesting species is said to inhabit caves, but as the
eyes are well developed, it probably only seeks their seclusion and
darkness during the day." Garni an* says of it and another spe-
cies: 'I>olh have pretty well developed eyes, and may, therefore,
live at times in ordinary situations, but they are perfectly at home
in the deepest, parts of caves, and are at times very abundant there.
In all my collecting in ordinary situations I have not seen either
species out of doors, and am disposed to consider them true cave
dwellers." Mr. Garman is doubtless right, for no beetle is going to

* Psyche, VII, 1894, 81.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 367

crawl into the deepest recesses of caves each day and emerge again
at night. So far hicifin/a has only been found in eaves, and. like
(Jiirdius spcla-us Horn, lias probably inhabited them too short a
I line to entirely lose the eyes.

Subfamily II. STAPHYLININAE.

Rather large or medium-sized black or brown species having the
antennas 11-jointed, situated at the front margin of the front;
spiracles of the thorax visible; front coxa; large and conical; tro-
chanters of hind legs prominent ; abdomen strongly margined. The
principal literature treating of the North American species of the
subfamily is as follows:

Horn. "Synopsis of the Quediini of the United States," in.

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. VII, 1878, 149-167.
fforn. "Synopsis of the species of Staphylinus and the more
closely allied Genera inhabiting the United States," in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VII, 1878, 185-200.
LcConte. -"Short studies of North American Coleoptera," in
Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII, 1880, 168-174. Tabulates the
genera Leptaciuus, Xantholiniis and Leptolinus.
Jlorn. "Synopsis of the Philonthi of Boreal America," in

Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884, 177-244.
Casey. See above under Aleocharina\

Three tribes comprise the subfamily, all of which are repre-
sented in the State.

KEY TO TRIBES OF STAPHYLININAE.

(i. Side margins of the thorax simple. Tribe I. QUEDIINI, i>. 3<>7.

<m. Side margins of the thorax double.
h. Antennae widely separated at base.

Tribe II. STAPHYLININI, p. .">7.">.

l>h. Antenna? rather close together at base: elytra often reddish, and in
most species overlapping along the suture.

Tribe III. XANTHOLININI, p. 394.

Tribe I. QUEDIINI.

The members of this tribe have the antenna 1 inserted at the front
point of the side margin of the front: head usually with a distinct
suture beneath the eyes; thorax smooth and glabrous with but few
dorsal punctures, its side margin single and acute; tarsi in our spe-
cies 5-jointed. Three of the four recogni/ed genera are repre-
sented in the State.
[24234021

368 FAMILY XI. STAI'HYLINID.E.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF QUEDIINI.

a. Antenna' rllmwed, the first joint elongate; front tnrs;il daws larger

than (lie others. XXVII. ACYLOPHORVS.

/HI. Antenna' straight, rirst joint not elongate; tarsal claws similar on all

the feet.

1>. Palpi awl-shaped; length less than . r nun. XXVIII. HETEROTHOPS.
lilt. 1'alpi filiform; length more than 5 mm. XXIX. (..H'Kiurs.

XXVII. ACYLOPHORUS Nordni. 1 S37. (Gr., ' ; gland + l)earing. ")

Rather small, spindle-shaped species having the head oval, with
four coarser punctures each side, two over each eye and two behind
these; antenna? reaching base of thorax, the second joint longer than
ihird; thorax broader than long, narrowed in front, disk with two
punctures each side of middle in front, one at front margin, the
other one-third behind it.

701 (2091). AcYLOPHORi's FI.AVICOLUS Sachse., Stettin Zeits., 1852, 14."..
Black, shining, elytra and abdomen sparsely pubescent; thorax and legs

reddish-yellow; antennae dusky, the basal joint paler. Head behind the
eyes with numerous fine punctures and short hairs. Elytra together slightly
wider than long, coarsely, rather closely and very roughly punctate. Ab-
domen as wide at base as elytra, thence strongly tapering to apex, coarsely
and rather closely punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Kosciusko and Putnam counties; scarce. April 17-October 17.
Oc- ur beneath vegetable debris close to water. The fifth dorsal ab-
dominal siy:ment is often pale at apex.

702 (2092). ACYLOPHORUS PRONUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 521.
Hlark. shining; antenna? piceous. usually paler at base; legs dull yel-
low, varying to piceous. Otherwise as in fl.avicollis. Length 4.5-6 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent, March 2( (-October 31.

XXVIII. HETEROTHOPS Steph. 1831. (.Gr., "different + eye.")

Smnll spindle-shaped species having the head with three or four
coarse punctures, the front one nearly at middle of inner margin of
eye; thorax as in AcylopJiorus, the disk with two punctures on
middle of apical half and two smaller ones on apical margin. Males
with the sixth abdominal segment emarginate. Two of the three
species have lic'Mi taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HETEROTHOPS.

a. Third joint of antenna 1 as long as second, eleventh not longer than ninth
and tenth together; head with four punctures each side; length 3.5-
4.5 mm. 703. F

TIIK SHOUT- \VINMiK]) SC A V HNUKU BEETLES. .">(>!)

(/. Third joint of antenn.-f si-. -lively longer than half the second; eleventh
longer than ninth and tenth together; head with three punctures
each side ; length 2.5 rum. 704. PUSIO.

70.3 (2096a). HETEROTHOPS FUSCULUS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 35.
Head black, elytra and abdomen reddish-piceous ; thorax, legs and three
basal joints of antenna? paler. Antenna? longer than head and thorax, the
last joint obliquely truncate at tip. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in
front, sides nearly straight; base broadly curved. Elytra together slightly
longer than wide, rather finely, uot densely punctate. Abdomen more dense-
ly and finely punctate. Length 3^.5 mm.

Wolf Lake, Lake County, March Ifi. Rare. Listed as a variety
of fu)ui{/altix, but if the two are distinct the name fusculus has
priority.
704 (2007). HETEROTHOPS PUSIO Lee., New Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 35.

Head black, shining; thorax piceous; elytra, abdomen and antenna-
dark reddish-brown, pubescent; legs dull yellow. Antenna? not longer than
head and thorax, eleventh joint as long as ninth and tenth united. Thorax
as wide as long, narrowed in front, base broadly curved. Elytra slightly
wider at base than thorax, rather finely and densely punctate; abdomen
at base a little narrower than elytra, thence very feebly tapering to apex,
very finely and densely punctate. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.

Throughout the State, common ; especially so beneath the dead
leaves surrounding old beech logs in dense lowland woods. April
17-November 28. The basal joints of antenna? and last segment of
abdomen are usually pale.

XXIX. QUEDIUS Steph. 1831. (L., "filth F- to eat.")

Medium-sized black or brown, linear or spindle-shaped species,
having the labrum either acutely notched at middle and hence bi-
lobed, or entire and broadly curved or truncate in front; head
marked each side with at least four punctures, one at base of an-
tennae-, two above and one behind each eye; thorax usually narrowed
in front, the disk with sides deflexed toward the front angles and in
all species, except fcnt.r and rrnii.i\ with a "dorsal row" of three
coarse punctures each side of middle of apical half; often also a sec-
ond row between these and the margin and other smaller ones along
the apical and basal margins. Nineteen species are known from
the United States, ten of which have been taken in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OK (JC KDI IS.

11. Tarsi above hairy; thorax with three discal punctures each side.
It. Labrum bilobed.

c. Hind tibise with distinct spinules on the outer side; scutellnm
smooth.

370

FAMILY XI. STAPHYLIN1DJE.

d. Front of head without punctures.

c. Margin of thorax distinctly flattened ; color reddish-brown.

705. SPEL.EUS.
ee. Margin of thorax not flattened; color wholly or in great part

black or piceous.
f. Head broadly oval.

lj. Second joint of antenna? shorter than third ; length 7-
II mm. 706. FULGIDUS.

yg. Second joint as long as third; length 5-6 mm.

707. SUBLIMBATUS.

//. Head elongate, as long as thorax. 708. PEREGRINUS.

del. Front of head with two punctures ; elytra very irregularly punc-
tured. 709. CAPUCINUS.
cc. Hind tibiae without spinules ; form depressed ; elytra without punc-
tures. 710. L-^VIGATUS.

&b. Labrum entire, either curved or truncate.

h. Labruni broadly curved; eyes moderate in size; length 7-12 mm.

711. MOLOCH IN us.
lili. Labrum truncate; eyes very large, prominent; length 5-6 mm.

712. HYPERBOliKlS.

da. Tarsi above glabrous ; thorax with two discal punctures each side.

i. Form slender; thorax with sides nearly parallel. 713. FEROX.

ii. Form robust ; thorax narrowed in front. 714. VEKMX.

705 (2099). QUEDIUS SPEL^US Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1871. 332.

Elongate, rather slender. Uniform pale red-
dish or chestnut brown, the elytra sometimes
a little darker. Head oval, longer than wide;
eyes small, slightly oblique. Antenna; reach-
ing base of thorax, the second joint less than
one-half the length of third. Thorax broader
than long, slightly narrowed in front, sides
feebly, base broadly curved; disk highly pol-
ished, with small punctures along the mar-
gins and base, in addition to the dorsal rows.
Elytra narrower than thorax, together as
wide as long; closely and rather coarsely and
roughly punctate, sparsely pubescent. Ab-
domen narrower than elytra, parallel. Length
10-14 mm. (Fig. 157.)

.Monroe. Lawrence and Crawford counties; frequent locally in
caves. April 15-November 6. Occurs in decaying organic matter,
usually the excrement of raccoons and other cave visiting verte-
brates, or beneath stones in the vicinity thereof. Although Cope
and Packard both refer to this a.s a "twilight species," all speci-
mens lakcn were in tola! darkness, those in Wyandotte Cave being
1,0(10 i'cd I i-oin the mouth. As the temperature of the caves is very
much Hie same the year round the beetle probably breeds at all
seasons, as the larva* were always found with the adults.

Fig. 157. (Original.)

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 371

706 (2100). QUEDIUS FULGIDUS Fab., Mant. Ins., I, 220.

Moderately elongate. Color variable ; usually with head and thorax
black, elytra reddish-brown, antennae, legs and abdomen piceous or dark
reddish-brown. Head oval, polished, with four punctures each side, the
fourth behind the eye with a few smaller punctures around it. Antennre
reaching the middle of thorax, joints 4-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly
wider than long, narrowed in front, sides feebly, base broadly curved ; disk
with the usual dorsal rows of three punctures, and others along margins
of apex and base. Elytra as wide as thorax, together wider than long;
surface rather finely, not densely punctate. Abdomen as wide as and more
densely and finely punctured than elytra. Length 7-11 mm.

Marion, Putnam, Lawrence and Crawford counties; scarce.
June 11-September 22. The specimens from the last two named
counties were taken in caves and it has been recorded from caves in
Virginia and Kentucky, though it also occurs above ground.

707 (2101). QUEDIUS SUBLIMBATUS Maid., Bull. Mosc., Ill, 1853, 100.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining ; antennae and legs reddish-brown ;
elytra usually with the humeri and a narrow space at apex and along tin-
suture paler. Head oval, with four punctures each side. Thorax wider
than long; sides feebly, base more strongly curved; disk with the usual
rows of dorsal punctures and a few very small ones along the margins.
Elytra as wide as thorax, together longer than wide, rather coarsely, deep-
ly and closely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
sparsely punctate and pubescent. Length 5-6 mm.

Steuben County; rare. June 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss
in tamarack swamp. A member of the boreal fauna.

708 (2102). QUEDIUS PEREGRINUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1806, 53.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Piceous or dark reddish-brown; legs, an-
tennse, and often the last two abdominal segments, paler. Head elongate-
oval, much longer than wide. Antennae reaching middle of thorax, the sec-
ond joint less than half the length of third. Thorax broader than Inng.
narrower in front ; sides feebly, base broadly curved ; disk with the usual
dorsal rows of three punctures. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, a
little longer than wide; rather coarsely, sparsely and shallowly punctate,
sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra, with similar
punctures. Length 6-9 mm.

Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. October 5-December 25.
Occurs in fungi and beneath bark.

709 (2103). QUEDIUS CAPUCINUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806. 40.

Elongate, rather slender. Black or piceous, shining ; antennae, legs and
sometimes the elytra dark reddish-brown. Head orbicular or slightly oval,
with the usual four punctures, some smaller ones behind the eye and two
on front between the eyes. Antenna? reaching the middle of thorax, the
second joint one-half the length of third. Thorax as in pereyrinti*. but

372 FAMILY XI. STAI'IIYLINID.K.

with a second row of two or three punctures each side of the dorsal rows.
Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, together a little longer than vide;
very sparsely, finely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather
closely but not coarsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. March 10- July 16. Occurs in
fleshy fungi in low. damp woods.

710 (2106). QCEDIUS L^VIGATUS Gyll., Ins. Suec.. II, 1810. 306.
Elongate, subparallel. Black or piceous. shining; elytra and margins

of the abdominal segments often reddish-brown. Head broadly oval, punc-
tured as in fiilf/itl'iis. Autenme reaching middle of thorax, the third joint
twice the length of second. Thorax slightly broader than long, not nar-
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved; disk with a sin-
gle row of dorsal punctures each side. Elytra as wide as thorax, together
a little longer than wide, surface smooth. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, sparsely and finely punctured and pubescent. Length 5-0 mm.

Marion County; rare. April 6. Occurs beneath bark.

711 (2107). QuEDirs MOLOCHINUS Grav.. Mon. Col. Micro.. 1806. 4(',.

Elongate, parallel. Plead and thorax black, shining; remainder of body
dark reddish-brown. Head oval, with a row of five or six punctures each
side. e Antenme rather slender, reaching nearly to base of thorax, second
joint one-third shorter than third. Thorax slightly wider than long, nar-
rowed in front, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved: disk with the
usual rows of dorsal punctures and two others each side, placed trans-
versely. Scutellum punctured. Elytra slightly narrower than thorax, to-
gether a little wider than long, densely and rather coarsely punctured and
clothed with brownish hair. Length 7-12 mm.

Kosciusko. Vigo and Orange counties; scarce. April 23-De-
cember 18.

712 (210,8). QUEDIUS HYPERBOREUS Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840, 547.
Rather short, robust. Piceous, shining; elytra brownish, often with a

tinge of bronze; antenna? and legs pale. Head orbicular, strongly narrowed
In-hind, smooth, except four punctures each side. I-Cyes very large, oval,
longer than wide. Antennae slender, reaching basal third of thorax, the
second and third joints subequal. Thorax as wide as long, narrowed in
front, punctured as in moloclnnus. Elytra as wide as thorax, together as
wide as long, rather densely and finely punctate. Abdomen a little more
cnarsel.v and sparsely punctate. Male with sixth ventral triangularly notched
and front femora strongly dilated. Length 5-6 mm.

Steuben County ; rare, -lune 17. Sifted from sphagnum moss.
A member of I he boreal fauna.

71.'i (2114). QiKuii s FKUOX Lee.. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XVII. 1S7S. :;ss.

Elongate, slender. P.lack. strongly shining; antenna' and legs dark red-
dish-brown to piceous. Head orbicular, with the usual row of four coarse
punctures and numerous smaller ones above and behind the eyes. Antenna-
slender, reaching base of thorax, the third joint three times the length of

THE SHORT-WINGED S( 'A V KN( i Kl! HHKTLES. 873

second. Thorax quadrangular, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly
straight, base rounded, disk \vitli only two punctures in the dorsal rows, a
large one near side margin of apical half and a few on basal margin. Ely-
Ira slightly wider than thorax, together one-half longer than wide; disk
with a median row of four or live punctures; detlexed portion of side mar-
gins densely punctate. Abdomen iridescent, rather coarsely and densely
punctate. Length S-.ll mm.

Western half of State; frequent. April 1-November 24. Oc-
curs beneath cover, especially in sandy places near water.

714 (2115). QUEDIUS VEBNIX Lee., 1'roc. Anier. Phil. Sue., XVII, 1S7S, 3S'J.
More robust. Uniform black, strongly shining. Head oval, with the
usual coarse punctures, the small ones only behind and beneath the eyes.
Thorax large, broader than long, narrower in Iroiit; sides moderately
curved, base broadly rounded; disk punctate as in ffrn.r. punctures of basal
margin very small. Elytra as wide as thorax, together slightly wider than
long, sutural striae deep; disk punctate as in fcro.r, those on the detlexed
sides less numerous. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely punctate. Length 12-
14 mm.

Western half of State, as far south as Vigo County; frequent,
especially so along the margins of lakes. April 2-September 27.

Tribe II. STAPIIYL1N1NI.

Head without suture or raised line each side beneath the eyes.
Anienmv distant from each other at base, never elbowed, inserted
mi the front margin of the front, inside of the base of the mandi-
bles; labrum always bilobed, thorax more or less convex, frequently
densely punctured, with the side margins double, the innexed por-
tion between the two marginal lines smooth, variable in width ; tho-
racic spiracles visible. The tribe embraces the largest species of
the family. They live in decaying fungi, carrion, dung and decom-
posing organic matter in general.

The North American members of the tribe are at present dis-
tributed among 13 genera, seven of which are represented in In-
diana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF STAPHYLININI.

(/. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi shorter than third; size large, 10 or

more mm.

li. Thorax punctured, densely pubescent. XXX. LISTOTROPHUS.

lib. Thorax smooth, pubescent only on front angles; middle coxae widely
separated. XXXI. CREOPHILUS.

(/. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi equal to or longer than third.

c. Ligula emarginate; size larger. 11 or more mm.; form usually robust.

d. Middle coxa^ slightly separated: abdomen narrowed at tip; thorax

punctured, pubescent. XXXII. STAPHYLINUTS.

374 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLIXID^E.

dd. Middle coxse contiguous ; abdomen very long, parallel.

XXXIII. OCYPUS.
cc. Ligula entire; size usually smaller, rarely over 10 mm.; form more

slender.

e. Femora spinmis beneath; abdomen bicolored, head and thorax
black. XXXIV. BELONUCHUS.

ee. Femora unarmed; colors not as above; labial palpi slender.

f. First joint of hind tarsi as long as or longer than the fifth ; last
joint of maxillary palpi slender and needle-shaped.

XXXV. PHILONTHUS.

//. First joint of hind tarsi shorter than the fifth, joints 1-4, de-
creasing gradually in length ; last joint of maxillary palpi elon-
gate, conical. XXXVI. ACTOBIUS.

XXX. LISTOTROPHUS Perty. 1830.

Antenna? slender, reaching middle of thorax, not subclavate to-
ward apex as in Creophilus. Side marginal lines of thorax uniting
in front. One of the two known species occurs in the State.

715 (211G). LISTOTROPHTJS CINGULATUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 1G6.

Elongate, robust. Dark brown or piceous, densely clothed with golden,
grayish-brown and blackish pubescence, the black hairs forming irregular
spots on head, thorax and abdomen ; metasternum and tip of abdomen
golden ; antenna? dusky, the basal joints, tibire and tarsi reddish-brown.
Head as wide as or wider than thorax, densely punctate ; eyes large. Thorax
as wide as long, widest at apex, sides rounded into base; disk densely and
finely punctate. Elytra slightly wider but not much longer than thorax,
densely and finely granulate. Abdomen narrower than elytra, sparsely and
coarsely punctate. Length 13-18 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. May 6-September 12.

XXXI. CREOPHILUS Mann. 1830. (Gr., "flesh + to love.")

Antenna? scarcely longer than head, the outer joints gradually
broader, the terminal one longer but narrower than the tenth and
emarginatc at apex; side marginal lines of thorax not uniting in
front, the outer one becoming obsolete one-third from the front
angle.

71G (211!)). CREOPHILUS VILLOSUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 160.

Elongate, robust. Black, shhiing; second and third, and
sometimes the fourth abdominal segments in great part
densely clothed with yellowish-gray hairs; a broad median,
serrate cross-hand on elytra composed of similar hairs.
Thorax suliorbicul.-ir. truncate in front, disk wholly smooth.
Elytra one-third wider and olie-half longer than thorax,
finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra.
Length 12-23 nun. (Fig. 158.)

'THE SHOKT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 375

Throughout the State; frequent. April 6-July 19. Occurs on
decaying fungi and carrion.

XXXII. STAPHYLINUS Linn. 1758. (Gr., "a kind of insect.")

Usually large, robust species, having the middle coxal cavities
always separated, sometimes very narrowly, by the mesostemum;
head as wide as or wider than thorax ; abdomen more or less taper-
ing; color brown or dull black. Of the 22 species listed from the
United States the following are known from or probably occur in
Indiana :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF STAPHYLINUS.

it. Head suborbicular, its hind angles rounded ; sides of thorax behind the
middle sinuate; scutellum pubescent, not velvety.

b. Constriction of neck not deeply impressed above ; abdomen entirely

black, its segments beneath densely punctured and with golden
pubescence along their front margins. 717. BADIPES.

66. Constriction of neck deep above and with golden pubescence; abdo-
men beneath very sparsely punctate. ERYTHBOPTEBUS.
mi. Head usually subtriangular, suddenly narrowed behind, its hind angles
obtusely prominent ; sides of thorax curved behind the middle, never
sinuate; scutellum velvety.

c. Thorax densely and regularly punctured over the entire surface, ex-

cept at times a smooth median line.

d. Front half of abdominal segments beneath densely and finely punc-
tate and clothed with golden pubescence.

e. Abdominal segments above with golden pubescence at base and

sides ; elytra uniform reddish-brown. 718. VULPINUS.

ee. Abdominal segments above with double row of dark velvety
spots at middle ; elytra brown with elongate fuscous spots.

719. MACULOSUS.

dd. Front half of abdominal segments beneath not or but little more
densely punctate than apical half and without golden pubes-
cence.

f. Thorax subopaque, very densely punctate, the pubescence very

evident.

(j. Elytra brownish or piceous ; tip of abdomen always paler.
h. Eyes normal ; femora piceous ; thorax without smooth me-
dian line. 720. MYSTICUS.
hh. Eyes large, two-thirds the length of head; femora pale yel-
lowish above, piceous beneath. FEMOBATUS.
Oil. Elytra black, sometimes with golden spot; abdomen wholly

black.

/. Abdomen above with a double row of small velvety spots;
elytra entirely black, simply punctate. 721. TOMENTOSUS.
ii. Abdomen above without velvety spots; elytra usually with
a large golden pubescent spot, roughly punctate.

722. FOSSATOB.

376 FAMILY XL STAPIIYLIXIDJE.

/'/'. Thorax sliinin.tr. punctures distinctly separate, pubescence scarce-
ly evident.

j. Upper surface brownish or piceuus, not metallic,
/r. Head, thorax and elytra pale reddish-brown.

723. CINNAMOPTERUS.

/,7,-. Entire upper surface piceous. 724. COMES.

././. Uody above with more or less metallic lustre.

/. Legs entirely black : head, thorax and elytra violet.

725. VIOLACEI s.
//. Legs bicolored; head, thorax and elytra bronzed.

VIRIDANUS.

(<. Thorax as wide as long, coarsely and irregularly punctured, with
smooth spaces in front on each side and at middle near base ; color
decidedly bronzed. EXULANS.

717 (2124). STAPHYLINUS BADIPES Lee.. N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 1863, 36.
Elongate, rather slender. Black or blackish-piceous; antennae and legs

reddish-brown. Head densely punctured; antenna? slightly longer than
head. Thorax longer than wide, a little narrower than head ; disk densely
punctate with a smooth median line. Elytra together slightly wider than
long, densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
segments one to five above each with a small spot of golden pubescence at
the middle of the front margin. Length 13-17 mm.

Lake County ; rare. May 1-May 5. Taken from beneath cover
on the beach of Lake Michigan near Pine ; also near Hessville. A
species of northern range.

8. eri/flii'o/rfci'us Linn.. 13.5 mm. in length, piceons, with elytra
and legs pale, has been taken at Detroit, Michigan, and probably
occurs in the northern third of Indiana.

718 (2130). STAPHYLINUS VULPINVS Nordm., Symb. Mon. Staph., 1837, 53.
Elongate, robust. Head, elytra and legs uniform pale reddish-brown;

thorax and antenna? darker brown ; abdomen piceous. the last ventral seg-
ment reddish-brown. Antennae slightly longer than head. Thorax as wide
as head, as broad as long, sides nearly straight, base broadly curved, disk
densely punctate, with a trace of a smooth median line behind the middle.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, as broad as long, very densely punc-
tured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, finely punctu-
late. Length 15-18 mm.

Throughout the State ; scarce. April 1-September 25. Occurs
beneath dead leaves and other cover, especially along the sandy
margins of lakes and ponds.

71!) *(2i::il. STAI-IIYLINIS MAC i i,osrs (Jrav.. Mon. Col. Micr.. 1SO<!, IC.n.

Resembles nilitiitiiN in form and siructiirc. Color darker brown; ely-
tra and upper surface ol' abdomen variegated with fuscous spots; base of
antenna', tibi.-e. tarsi and tip of abdomen pale; femora piceous, with edges
paler. Length 18-25 mm. (Fig. 151), a.)

TIIK snoirr- \VI\CF.I) s- 1 . \YK\riKi: !-]: KTLKS. 377

Throughout the State; frequent. April 28-Deeember 18. Oc-
curs in carrion, decaying hind and dung. Hibernates beneath
partly luiried logs ne;ir ;i food supply.

720 <21:',2'I. STAIMIYI.IM-S MYSTUTS Eridis.. (Jon. Spec. Staph., 1X40. U20.
Moderately elongate, rather robust. I>ark brown to piceous, subopaquo :

tibia*, tarsi, basal joints of antenna' and tip (if abdomen reddish-brown.
Thorax not wider than head, slightly longer than wide, sides nearly straight,
base broadly curved. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together as wide
as long, densely punctate and clothed with brownish hairs. Abdomen as
wide as elytra, above densely punctate, sparsely clothed with brownish and
yellow hairs; segments two to six with a double row of small velvety spots.
Length 10-20 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 15-Oetober 4. Occurs be-
reath cover in upland sandy woods.

X. fcninraius Fab., a southern form. 15 mm. in length, has been
taken by Dury near Cincinnati and probably occurs sparingly in
southern Indiana.

721 *(2135). STAPHYLINUS TOMENTOSUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1800, 101.
Resembles tinjstlcus in form-and structure. Color wholly uniform black.

opaque; thorax, elytra and abdomen sparsely clothed with short, black
(rarely brownish) pubescence. Antennae in both species reaching middle
of thorax. Head and thorax in both very densely and regularly punctate,
the punctures of head coarser than those of thorax. Length 14-10 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. February 6-October 21. Oc-
curs especially along the beaches of lakes, feeding on decaying fish ;
also on fungi.

722 (2i:JO). STAPHYLINUS FOSSATOR Grav., Mon. Col. Micro., 1800, 164.
Elongate, rather robust. Black, subopaque ; antennae and legs piceous ;

elytra usually with a large spot of golden pubescence on the outer apical
angles. Head, antennae and thorax much as in miisticus, the punctures of
head coarser; the thorax with a narrow, smooth median line on basal half.
Elytra as wide as thorax, together as broad as long, densely and roughly
punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent,
densely and finely punctate. Length 13-17 mm.

Putnam and Lawrence counties; rare. August 5-August 21.
Occurs in decaying fleshy fungi.

723 *(2138). STAPHYLINUS CINNAMOPTRKUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1800.

104.

Elongate, rather slender. Head, thorax, elytra, tibiae, tarsi, apical mar-
gins of abdominal segments and entire last segment, brownish-red; antenna?,
under surface, femora- and abdomen in great part piceous. Antenna? a lit-
tle longer than head, slightly paler toward the tip. Thorax as wide as

378 FAMILY XI. STAPTTYLINID^E.

head, sides straight or feebly curved, base broadly curved ; disk coarsely
and rather closely punctate, with a narrow, entire smooth median line.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, densely piinrtulate, sparsely pubescent.
Abdomen evidently narrower than elytra, slightly iridescent, more coarsely
punctate beneath than above. Length 12-13.5 rum.

Throughout the State; common. February 22-December 8.
Occurs on fungi and beneath bark ; hibernates beneath logs, mullein
leaves, etc. The specimens taken in Lake County by Wolcott along
the beach of Lake Michigan average larger and have the femora
wholly reddish-brown. They indicate a distinct race.

724 (2137). STAPHYLINUS COMES Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 36.
Resembles the preceding in form and size. Piceous, feebly shining;

tibia?, tarsi and tip of abdomen pale. Head broader, more coarsely and
confluently punctate and more pubescent than in cinnamopterus. Abdomen
with an indistinct double row of velvety spots above and sometimes with a
pale yellowish spot each side on segments one to five below. Otherwise as
in the preceding. Length 11.5-12.5 mm. A member of the Austroripariau
fauna.

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties; rare. April 19-June 9. Oc-
curs beneath dung.

725 (2139). STAPHYLINUS VIOLACEUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 132.
Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; head, thorax and elytra dark

violet blue to cupreous. Antennae piceous, slightly longer than head. Thorax
as wide as head, as wide as long, sides feebly, base more broadly curved;
disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctured and with a distinct, smooth
median line. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, densely punctulate, sparse-
ly pubescent. Abdomen narrower than elytra, iridescent, densely and finely
punctate at base, more coarsely and sparsely toward apex. Length 12-
14 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 9-August 19. Occurs
on fungi, at carrion and beneath bark and logs. The base of ab-
domen above is sparsely clothed with silver-gray pubescence which
is plainly visible only in a side light.

8. viridanus Horn, 15-16 mm. in length, occurs from New Eng-
land to Michigan and has been taken near Cincinnati. 8. exulans
Erichs., 11-14 mm. in length, is said to range from Canada to Geor-
gia. Both species probably occur sparingly in the State.

XXXIII. OCYPUS Kirby. 1837. (Gr., "swift + foot.")

One elongate, parallel species, having the middle coxse not sepa-
rated by the mesosternum and the last joint of the labial palpi oval,
dilated, occurs in the Eastern United States and Indiana.

THE SHORT- WINGED Sf'A VKNOKK BEETLES. 379

726 (2144). OCYPVS ATER Grav., Mon. Col. Mior.. 1806, 166.

Block, shining: tibia?, tarsi and basal halt'
of antenna? piceoiis. Antenna? slender, reach-
ing middle of thorax. Head distinctly broad-
er than long, finely and sparsely punctate.
Thorax longer than broad, slightly narrower
than head ; sides nearly straight, rounded
into base; disk finely and sparsely punctate.
Elytra a little wider than thorax, together
slightly longer than wide, finely and densely a

punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen slight- Flg - 159 - ( After

ly narrower than elytra, above coarsely and rather closely punctate on
basal half, more finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 15-17.5 mm.
(Fig. 159, 6.)

Vigo and Posey counties; rare. May 11-July 5. Occurs be-
neath stones and other cover near water.

XXXIV. BELONUCHUS Nordm. 1837. (Gr., "a dart + to have.")

One small black and yellow species having the femora armed be-
neath with a row of fine, slender spines, occurs in the State.

727 (2146). BELONUCHUS FOBMOSUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 72.

Elongate, slender. Reddish-yellow ; head, thorax and last two seg-
ments of abdomen black, shining. Antenna? reaching middle of thorax,
fuscous, the three basal joints piceous, apical one paler. Head slightly
broader than thorax, coarsely and very sparsely punctate and with a length-
wise impression between the bases of antennae. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, sides nearly straight, rounded into base ; disk with a row of five deep
punctures each side of middle, and with about six others between these
and margins. Scutellum piceous, coarsely punctured. Elytra one-half
wider and slightly longer than thorax, finely and sparsely punctate. Ab-
domen slightly narrower than elytra, sparsely pubescent, the dorsal seg-
ments punctured on their basal halves. Length 6.5-7.5 nun.

Southern half of State ; common. April 17-November 10. Oc-
curs at maple and other sap, in decaying fungi and carrion, and
rarely on flowers.

XXXV. PniLONTiius Curt. 1830. (Gr., "a lover of dung.")

A large group of small, slender beetles distinguished from allied
genera only by the characters given in the generic key. The tho-
rax, in the great majority of species, is marked on the middle of the
disk with a double row of dorsal punctures, and the number of
punctures in these rows is used in separating the genus into groups.

380 FAMILY XI. STAI'IIYLlXin.T:.

The puncture on the apical margin in front of each of these rows is
not counted ;is belonging to the discal or dorsal row. but to the mar-
ginal series.

The males in most species have the front tarsi more or less di-
lated and rather pubescent beneath and the terminal ventral seg-
ment always more or less emarginate. For convenience the genus
was divided by Horn into five groups, all of which are represented
in Indiana.

KEY TO GROUPS OF THE GENUS PHILONTHUS.

ii. Thorax with distinct and regular rows of dorsal punctures.

1>. Front tarsi more or less dilated and silken pubescent beneath.

c. Three punctures in each dorsal row. Group A.

cc. Four punctures in each dorsal row. Group B.

ccc. Five punctures in each dorsal row. Group C.

bb. Front tarsi filiform in both sexes and finely spinose beneath; dorsal
rows of punctures regular but varying in number. Group D.

aa. Thorax irregularly punctured, no distinct dorsal rows; front tarsi di-
lated. Group E.

GROUP A.

In this group the front tarsi are dilated and the discal rows
contain but three punctures each. The following species have been
taken or should occur in the State :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP A.

ii. Thorax not narrowed in front, as wide as long ; larger, G or more mm.
!>. Elevated line at base of each of the first three dorsal segments of
abdomen in the form of a brace. > , \ abdomen above coarsely
punctured; last ventral of male with a triangular notch.

728. POLITUS.
1>1>. Basal lines of dorsal segments straight.

c. Black or piceous. elytra more or less bronzed.
iL Elytra shining, closely punctured; thorax with a peculiar gulden
iridescence at base. SERICINUS.

iliJ. Elytra rather sparsely and finely punctate; head oval, not wider
than long; legs reddish-brown. 720. UMBRATILJS.

cc. Bicolored ; black, thorax and base of abdomen red.

730. I,/ETULUS.
fin. Thorax narrowed in front; elevated line at base of dorsal segments

straight.

c. Elytra black, distinctly bronzed, roughly punctate. ASPER.

ee. Elytra dark or dull yellow, not bronzed, simply punctate.

731. HEPA TICl'S.

7LN (2149). rmi-oNTtius POLITUS Linn., Faun. Suec., 1740, X43.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; elytra bronzed, sparsely pu-
bescent. Antenn.T piceous, reaching base of thorax, joints 5-10 broader

THE SHORT-AVINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 381

than long. Head feebly bronzed, sparsely punctate behind the eyes. Thorax
slightly broader than long, sides sinuate behind the middle, then rounded
into base. Elytra a little wider than thorax, together almost square;
sparsely and rather h'uely punctured. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate above, more sparsely beneath;
last ventral segment with a small triangular notch in male. Length 10-
12.5 mm.

Vigo and Crawford counties; rare. April 17-June 27. Occurs
in stable manure.

P. scricinus Horn, 11 mm. in length, is known from Canada,
Pennsylvania and Texas, and therefore should occur in Indiana.

729 (2156). PHILONTHUS UMBRATILIS Grav., Micr., 1802, 170.

Rather slender, subfusifonn. Black, moderately shining; elytra feebly
bronzed, sparsely clothed with brownish hairs. Head subquadrate, punc-
tured near the hind angles. Antenna? piceous, slightly longer than head
and thorax, joints 5 to 10 a little longer than wide. Thorax slightly longer
than wide, sides nearly straight, dorsal punctures deep. Elytra wider than
thorax, together nearly square, finely and rather closely punctate. Abdo-
men more finely and less densely punctate than elytra. Last ventral of
male deeply notched. Length 7-8 mm.

Kosciusko County; rare. July 24. Taken from beneath rub-
bish on shores of Lake Wawasee. A boreal species which also oc-
curs in Europe.

730 (2157). PHILONTHUS L.ETULUS Say, Trans. Ainer. Phil. Stic., IV, 1834,

449; ibid. II, 5G4.

Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and three apical segments of abdomen
black; thorax, femora and three basal segments of abdomen dull red; tibia?
and tarsi piceous. Thorax nearly square, narrower than head; sides sin-
uate behind middle, then rounded into base. Elytra slightly wider and
one-third longer than thorax, sparsely and finely punctate, very sparsely
pubescent. Abdomen coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 6-9 mm.

Marion and Lawrence counties; scarce. April 18-September 12.
Occurs in fungi.

P. asper Horn, 8.5 mm. in length, has been recorded from Cin-
cinnati and very probably occurs in southern Indiana. It is found
in the stems of mushrooms.

731 (2167). PHILONTHUS HEPATICUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 451.
Slender, subfusiform. Head black ; thorax and elytra dark brown, the

latter sometimes dull yellow ; abdomen and under surface piceous. An-
tenna' slender, reaching base of thorax, piceous. the two basal joints and
legs pale yellowish. Head small, oval, narrower than thorax, with a very
few coarse punctures, two of which are on the front between the eyes.
Thorax longer than wide, sides nearly straight. Elytra wider than thorax,

382 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

finely but not densely punctured, sparsely clothed with yellowish hairs.
Abdomen slightly narrower than elytra, more finely and densely punctate.
Male with last ventral acutely and deeply notched. Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April 8- August 15. Occurs
on fungi and beneath dead leaves and logs. The abdominal seg-
ments have their apical margins always paler.

GROUP B.

In this group the front tarsi are dilated and there are four
punctures in each of the dorsal rows of thorax. The males are
readily separated by the notch of the last ventral segment.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP B.

a. Front tarsi of males very broadly dilated, sometimes plate-like.

&. Thorax oval, distinctly narrowed in front; elytra black or piceous,
coarsely not closely punctured ; length 6.5-8 mm. 732. UMBRINUS.
ftft. Thorax quadrangular, very little narrowed in front.

c. Elytra clear red, very sparsely and rather finely punctate.

733. PALLIATUS.
cc. Elytra black or piceous, at least moderately punctate.

d. Black; last ventral of male with a rather deep, lengthwise im-
pression extending nearly to its base. 734. QUADRICOIJJS.
dd. Brownish or piceous; last ventral of male without a lengthwise
impression ; legs and basal joints of antennae pale.

735. DEBILIS.
aa. Front tarsi of males moderately dilated, sometimes very little wider

than in the female.

e. Larger, 5-7.5 mm.; antennae slender, the outer joints longer than
wi.de.

f. Elytra rather densely punctured; abdomen very distinctly punc-

tured. VARIANS.

ff. Elytra sparsely punctured, slightly bronzed; abdomen very indis-
tinctly punctured. 736. LONGICORNIS.
ee. Smaller, not over 5 mm. ; antenna? slender, outer joints quadrate.

g. Thorax as wide as long; hindmost dorsal puncture distant from

the third. DISCOIDEUS.

;ii/. Thorax longer than wide ; punctures equidistant. THERMARUM.

732 (2169). PHILONTHUS UMBRINUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 169.

Moderately elongate, rather robust. Body black, strongly shining ; legs
piceous or dull brownish-yellow. Antenna? reaching middle of thorax, joints
4-10 gradually shorter and wider than long. Head subquadrate. front with
two pairs of punctures above each eye; hind angles sparsely punctate.
Thorax convex, slightly longer than wide, the hindmost puncture somewhat
distant from the third. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely clothed
with brownish hairs. Abdomen iridescent, sparsely and rather coarsely
punctate. Last ventral segment of male deeply notched, the margins of
the notch grooved. Length 6.5-8 mm.

Vigb County; rare. July 1. Taken from decaying fleshy fungi.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 383

733 (2171). PHILONTHUS PALLIATUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 53.
Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; elytra, legs and base of

antennae dull reddish-yellow. Antennae piceous, not reaching base of thorax,
joints 5-10 nearly square. Thorax slightly longer than wide, dorsal punc-
tures large, deep and equidistant. Elytra scarcely wider and not longer
than thorax, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen a little narrower than elytra.
coarsely and sparsely punctate. Male with last ventral broadly and shal-
lowly notched at apex. Length 6-6.5 mm.

Laporte, Starke and Putnam counties; rare. July 10- August
20. Occurs beneath cover near water.

734 (2175). PHILONTHUS QUADRICOLLIS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI,

1884, 194.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Black, shining; antennae and legs piceous,
the former reaching base of thorax. Head with a few coarse punctures be-
hind the eyes and two on middle of front. Thorax slightly wider than
head, a little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, finely,
not densely punctate; surface feebly bronzed, sparsely pubescent. Abdo-
men as wide as elytra, above sparsely and finely punctate at base, more
densely toward apex. Length 5-7 mm.

Northern half of State, frequent; less so southward. May 8-
September 17. Occurs in fungi.

735 (2177). PHILONTHUS DEBILIS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 35.

Elongate, slender. Brownish-piceous to nearly black ; legs reddish-
brown, the tibia? and tarsi darker; antennae piceous, reaching middle of
thorax, the two basal joints paler. Thorax wider than head, not longer
than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, sparsely and rather finely
punctate, feebly pubescent. Abdomen above finely and sparsely punctate,
beneath more coarsely punctate, the margins of the segments paler ; last
ventral of male deeply notched, the margins of the notch grooved. Length
5-6 mm.

Lake, Starke and Kosciusko counties ; rare. April 7-July 24.

736 (2179). PHILONTHUS LONGICORNIS Steph., Illus. Brit. Ent.. V, 237.

Subfusiform, rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent. Head
oval, hind angles punctured; antennae piceous, as long as head and thorax,
joints 4 to 10 slightly longer than broad. Thorax oval, a little longer than
wide, distinctly narrowed in front; sides nearly straight; dorsal punctures
deep, the hind ones more distant. Elytra wider than thorax, slightly wider
than long; rather densely and roughly punctate. Abdomen above finely
and densely punctured, more so at the bases of the segments ; iridescent
and more densely punctate beneath. Length 6-7.5 mm.

Kosciusko County; rare. October 21. In the only specimen at
hand the dorsal punctures of thorax are four on one side and five on
the other.

[2523402]

384 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINimE.

P. rariaiis Payk., 5-6.5 mm. P. discoideus Grav., 4-5.5 mm., and
P. lh< niHtriuii Aube, 3 mm. in length, all have a known distribution
which should bring them within the limits of the Indiana fauna,
but no one of them is represented in the collection at hand.

GROUP C.

Tn this group the punctures of the dorsal rows of thorax are five
in number and the front tarsi of males are rather widely dilated;
those of females more narrowly dilated.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP C.

a. Males with the last two ventral segments notched at apex; color vari-
able; surface densely punctate; length 4.5-5.5 mm. ALUMNUS.
<i(i. Males with the last segment only notched.
/). Elytra red.

c. Thorax entirely red. distinctly narrowed in front, much wider than
head and as broad as the base of elytra. 737. THORACICUS.

cc. Thorax black.

fl. Thorax distinctly narrowed in front; body spindle-shaped.

738. FUSIFORMIS.

dd. Thorax scarcely narrowed in front ; form parallel ; legs and base
of antenna? pale yellow. 739. FULVIPES.

6ft. Elytra black or piceous.

e. Legs and antenna? wholly black ; elytra black ; length 10 mm.

740. SCHWABZI.

ce. Legs and base of antenna? paler; general color piceous.
f. Head oval, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes.
(j. Elytra and abdomen opaque, very densely and finely punc-
tured; antenna? rather short and stout; joints 5-10 broader
than long ; length 4.5-5 mm. 741. MICANS.

f/(j. Elytra more or less shining, neither densely nor finely punc-
tate.
/;. Antenna? slender, the joints all longer than wide; length

6.5-8 mm.

i. Basal joint of antenna? pale; abdomen not coarsely punc-
tate. 742. LOMATUS.
//. Antenna? entirely piceous; elytra more coarsely, abdomen
more sparsely, punctate than in lomatws. CUNCTANS.
lili. Antenna 1 shorter, the outer joints not longer than wide: ab-
domen quite coarsely punctured ; length 5 mm. .^QUAOS.
/'/. Head quadrate, not narrowed behind the eyes; abdomen finely
punctulate: elytra brownish; length 5 mm. 743. BRUNNEUS.

737 (21SI). I'uiLONTiirs TIIORAOICUR Orav.. Mon. < 1 ol. Micr.. 1SOG. 170.

Slender, subt'iisil'orm. Piceous, shining; thorax and elytra dull red;
legs and three basal joints of antenna brownish-yellow. Antenn:e reaching
beyond base of thorax, joints all longer than wide. Thorax described in
key. Elytra together broader Mian long, not longer than thorax, rather

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 385

densely and finely punctured, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide at base
as elytra, thence tapering to apex, less densely and more coarsely punc-
tured. Length 7.5-8 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 22-Augnst 12. Taken
from beneath stones and logs.

738 (2185). PHILONTHUS FUSIFORMIS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci.,

II, 1844, 38.

Moderately elongate, fusiform. Head and thorax black, strongly shin-
ing ; elytra dull red ; autennne. under surface and abdomen piceous ; legs
brownish-yellow. Antennae reaching base of thorax, all the joints longer
than wide, two basal ones paler. Thorax wider than head, not longer than
wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide,
rather coarsely and closely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen as wide
at base as elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, sparsely and coarsely
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Lake and Putnam counties ; rare. April 10-Juue 15.

739 (2186). PHILONTHUS FULVIPES Fab., Syst. Ent., I, 1785, 526.

Slender, parallel. Head, thorax and abdomen black, shining; elytra
pale red; antennae and under surface piceous. Antenna reaching base of
thorax, joints 5-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly wider than head, a
little longer than wide. Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little
wider than long, rather sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide at
base as elytra, sides almost parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely
punctate. Length 6.5 mm.

Starke County; rare. April 26. Taken from beneath cover in
sandy woodland pasture.

740 (2188). PHILONTHUS SCHWAKZI Horn, Trans. Anier. Eut. Soc., XI,

1884, 201.

Robust, fusiform. Uniform black, shining. Antennae slightly longer
than head and thorax, joints all longer than wide. Head small, orbicular,
sparsely punctured behind the eyes. Thorax much wider than head, not
longer than wide, narrower in front; dorsal punctures fine and equidistant.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together a little wider than long, densely,
finely and roughly punctate. Abdomen feebly iridescent, more coarsely and
sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 9-10 mm.

Wolf Lake and Pine, Lake County; frequently locally. March
26-May 21. Taken by Wolcott from beneath cover on sandy
beaches. One of our largest and most robust species of Philonthus.
Recorded heretofore only from Massachusetts and Detroit, Mich-
igan.

741 (2196). PHILONTHUS MICANS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 25.
Elongate, slender. Head piceous ; elytra and abdomen brownish or

piceous; legs dull yellow. Antenure reaching base of thorax, piceous, the
basal joint paler. Thorax much wider than head, as broad as long, slightly

386 .FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^E.

narrowed in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely punc-
tured, subopaque, finely pubescent. Abdomen parallel, slightly iridescent,
densely and rather finely punctate. Length 4.5-5 mrn.

Stenlicii. Vigo. l-i)\\ ivnce. Posey and Crawford ((nut.ies ; rare.
April '2'2- Odober 7.
741' <21!7). I'lin.o.vrm s I.OMATI-S Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 184U, 4Xi>.

Moderately elongate, more robust than in inicaits. Head black, shin-
i7ig; thorax and elytra black or dark brown, bronzed; under surface and
abdomen piceous. the margins of the ventral segments paler; legs dull yel-
Inw. Antenna? nearly half the length of body. Thorax oval, longer than
wide, narrowed in front. Elytra not wider at base than thorax, together
one-third longer than wide ; rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen
more sparsely punctate and as wide at base as elytra, thence feebly but
distinctly tapering to apex. Male with front tarsi rather broadly dilated
and last ventral with a triangular notch. Length 6.5-8 mrn.

Throughout the State ; one of the most common of the Staphy-
linids. March 17-October 14. Occurs beneath cover, more com-
monly in low moist places.

P. alumnus Erichs. and P. cunctaiis Horn are species of south-
ern range, which may perhaps be found in southern Indiana. P.
(cqualis is a member of the boreal fauna which may inhabit the
northern counties of the State.

743 *(2200). PHILONTHUS BRUNNEUS Grav., Mori. Col. Micr., 1806, 172.

Short, rather robust. Dark chestnut-brown to piceous, shining ; legs
and basal joints of autenme dull yellow ; apical margins of ventral seg-
ments paler. Antenme reaching middle of thorax, joints 4-10 as wide as
long. Thorax slightly wider than head, longer than wide, feebly narrowed
in front. Elytra very little wider than thorax, densely, finely and roughly
punctate. Abdomen densely and finely punctate above, rnore sparsely and
coarsely beneath. Apex of last ventral of male with a large oval notch.
Length 5-5.5 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. March 13 December 8. Oc-
curs in fungi and beneath rubbish in damp woods; also at carrion.

GROUP D.

In this group the front tarsi in both sexes are not at all dilated
and the under surface of the tarsal joints bears sparse, short, stiff
hairs, while in the preceding groups the under surface is thickly
clothed with silken hairs. The dorsal punctures are variable in
i ininber.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP D.

n. Dorsal punctures three.

t>. Thorax wider than long; elytra metallic blue or green.

744. CYANIPENNIS.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 387

I>1>. Thorax oval, as long <ir longer than wide, not or but slightly nar-
rowed in front.
c. Species bicolored.

<l. Blue-black; thorax and base of abdomen reddish-yellow.

745. BLANDl'S.

*/(/. I'iceous; elytra red. nearly smooth. QUEDIINUS.

<<: Species not bicolored.

c. Entirely black, elytra bronzed; abdomen distinctly punctate.
/. Notch of last ventral of male oval. 74(5. SORDIDUS.

ff. Notch of last ventral triangular. CEPHALOTES.

ee. Piceous or fuscous yellow, head black ; abdomen sparsely punc-
tured beneath. INQUIETUS.
<t<i. Dorsal punctures more than three.
//. Dorsal punctures four.

//. Thorax nearly square; length 5 mm. 747. VENTRALIS.

lift. Thorax longer than wide, its sides parallel; elytra black, as long
or longer than thorax, nearly smooth at sides and base.

FALLACIOSUS.

mi. Dorsal punctures five; thorax oblong, notably longer than wide.
i. I'iceous or brownish.

j. Last ventral of male without a notch but with a channel ex-
tending the entire length of the segment. 748. PABVUS.
jj. Notch of last ventral distinct, broad, semicircular.

749. MICROPTHALMUS.

ii. Black, shining; notch of last ventral very feeble and with a long

triangular smooth space. 750. NIGRITULUS.

ggg. Dorsal punctures seven or eight. 751. MULTIPUNCTATTS.

744 (2201). PIIILONTHUS CYANIPENNIS Fab., Ent. Syst., I, 1785. 525.

Elongate, robust. Black, shining ; elytra metallic blue ; antenme and
tarsi piceous. Head large, quadrate, as wide or wider than thorax, coarse-
ly punctured behind the eyes. Thorax oval, slightly narrower in front.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together broader than long, coarsely and
rather densely punctate, sparsely pubescent. Abdomen iridescent, more
coarsely and sparsely punctured than elytra. Length 12-15 mm.

Throughout the State ; frequent. April 27-October 23. Oc-
curs on fleshy fungi.

745 (2202). PHILONTHUS BLANDUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 72.

Elongate, slender. Head, elytra and apical half of abdomen black,
shining, often with a bluish tinge ; thorax, base of abdomen and legs red-
dish-yellow ; antenna? piceous. Head subquadrate, sparsely punctured be-
hind the eyes. Thorax scarcely wider than head, sides sinuate near base.
Elytra slightly wider than thorax, together one-fourth longer than wide,
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, very sparsely
punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. May 11-October 31. Occurs in
lea.thery fungi on beech and elm stumps.

8S8 FAMILY XI. STAI'lIYLIXID.-l-:.

I'. I/IK dii ii /is Horn, (i nun. in length, was described from Detroit
and Kansas ;ind should, 1 lii'ivl'oiv. occur in Indiana.

74<i (.'1)41. 1'nii o.N'i in s soKmm s (Jr.-iv.. Mini. Col. Micr.. ISOC, llti.

Elongate, slender. I'.lack, shilling; elytra bronzed; antennae and legs
pi<-eous. l lie runner shorter than head and thorax, joints ."-10 wider than
long. Thorax not wider than head, slightly wider than long, not narrowed
in front. Elytra a little wider than thorax, coarsely, roughly and sparsely
punctate. Abdomen parallel, more finely and sparsely punctate than elytra,
the ventral segments with their apical margins paler. Length 5.5-7.5 nun.

Marion County; scarce. April 12. Taken from beneath car-
rion.

P. i-< />lm/n/< \ (rrav.. length 6-7.5 mm.; P. inqnietus Erichs.,
length ;"> mm., and I', fcdlaciosus Horn, length 4 mm., all have a
range which denotes the possibility of their occurrence in Indiana.

747 (2209). PHILONTHUS VENTRALIS Grav.. Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 174.

Rather short, robust. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and ab-
domen piceons or dark brown; antenna? pit-eons, as long as head and thorax,
joints 410 as wide as long, the two basal ones and legs dark reddish-brown.
Thorax slightly wider than head, not narrowed in front: dorsal punctures
deep, the fourth somewhat distant from third. Elytra slightly wider than
thorax, rather finely not closely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely
punctate. Notch of last ventral of male feeble. Length 5 mm.

Lake and Kosciusko counties; scarce. May 5-July 24.

748 (2216). PHILONTHUS PAKVUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XI, 18S4.

214.

Elongate, slender. Piceous, feebly shining; elytra slightly bronzed; an-
teniL-e dusky, two basal joints and legs dull yellow. Antennae as long as
head and thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax oblong, not wider
than head, longer than wide; sides nearly parallel; punctures equidistant.
Elytra together distinctly longer than wide, slightly wider and about as
long as thorax, rather finely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen slightly iri-
descent, the punctures finer than on elytra. Length 4.5 mm.

Marion. Putnam and Clark counties; scarce. April 4 October
17. The male is easily distinguished from the next by the entire
groove of last ventral; the female has elytra longer, more sparsely
punctate and evidently bronzed. Described from Arizona. Speci-
mens were subinitled to H. C. Fall for verification.

749 (2222). PHILONTHUS MICROPHTHALMUS Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc..

XI, 1884. 216.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black; elytra, abdomen, tibife
and tarsi piceous ; femora dull yellow. Antemue shorter than head and
thorax, joints ." in as wide or wider than long. Thorax scarcely wider
than head, sides nearly parallel: punctures equidistant. Elytra slightly

THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 389

wider than thorax, together a little lunger than wide; rather coarsely and
sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel, more finely punctate than elytra.
Length 3.5-4.5 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. April 21-Novembcr US. Taken
by sifting; also sometimes by beating low herbs.

750 (2221). PHILONTHUS NIGRITULUS Grav.. Micr., 1802. 41.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining; elytra often feebly bronzed; legs
piceous or paler. Head oval, its sides parallel; hind angles sparsely punc-
tate. Antenna? piceous, as long as head and thorax, joints 7 to 10 not longer
than wide. Thorax not wider than head, longer than wide; dorsal punc-
tures equidistant. Elytra slightly wider and a little longer than thorax,
sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and more finely punctured
than elytra. Length 4.5-5 mm.

Starke County; scarce. May 18. Sifted from decaying sphag-
num moss. A member of the boreal fauna.

751 ( ). PHILONTHUS MULTIPUNCTATUS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender. Dark chestnut brown, feebly shining; antenna? pic-
eous, the two basal joints and legs reddish-brown. Antenna? slightly longer
than head and thorax, joints 5-10 as broad as long, llth very little longer.
Head subquadrate, longer than wide, sides parallel. Thorax very little
wider than head, slightly longer than wide; dorsal punctures eight, the
rows diverging toward base, the last puncture nearer the median line. Ely-
tra slightly wider than thorax, together one-fourth longer than wide, rather
finely, shallowly and sparsely punctate. Abdomen parallel, as wide as ely-
tra, above finely and rather closely, beneath much more sparsely, punctate.
Last ventral of male with a broad rounded median notch. Length 4-^.5 mm.

Lawrence County ; rare. May 9. Taken from beneath decay-
ing fleshy fungi.

GROUP E.

Medium or rather large species, 7 or more mm. in length, hav-
ing the punctures of dorsal rows irregular or confused, or some-
times the entire thorax with numerous or even dense punctures.
Last ventral of male always emarginate.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF GROUP E.

(i. Thorax longer than wide, either parallel or narrowed behind.

l>. Thorax with very few punctures; head oval, nearly smooth, narrowed
behind the eyes; length s.n mm. SERPENTINTS.

M. Thorax with numerous coarse punctures.; head transverse or quad-
rate, not narrowed behind; length O-K-5 mm.
<. Head transverse, wider than long.

'/. Antenna 1 bead-like ; elytra red; abdomen brown.

752. BALTI. \IOKK.N SIS.

390 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

(Id. Antenna? of normal form ; tip of abdomen reddish.

753. APICALIS.
cc. Head quadrate, punctured beneath ; legs pale yellow ; length 7.5 mm.

VIKIDANUS.

aa. Thorax oval, as wide as long, distinctly narrowed in front.

c. Thorax densely punctured, a narrow median space only smooth ; legs

pale yellow ; length 9.5 mm. CONFERTUS.

ce. Thorax coarsely and sparsely punctured; legs piceous; last ventral

of male feebly emarginate; length 7.5-9.5 mm. 754. AUBULENTUS.

P. serpentinus Horn, reddish-brown, head and thorax black, was
described from a specimen taken in Kentucky, near Cincinnati. It
doubtless occurs in southern Indiana.

752 *(2228). PHILONTHUS BALTIMOBENSIS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 163.

Elongate, robust. Head and thorax black ; elytra dull red ; legs pic-
eous, the tarsi paler. Antenna? reaching middle of thorax, piceous, the ap-
ical joint pale. Thorax scarcely as wide as head, slightly longer than wide,
distinctly narrowed behind the middle, sparsely and irregularly punctate,
smooth at middle. Elytra wider than thorax, its surface, as well as that
of abdomen, rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 10-13 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. March 18-December 10. Hi-
bernates beneath logs and rubbish in fence rows.

753 (2229). PHILONTHUS APICALIS Say, Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,

451 ; ibid. II, 566.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining; tarsi, terminal joint of an-
tenna? and last three segments of abdomen reddish-brown. Antennre reach-
ing middle of thorax, joints 6-10 as wide as long. Thorax slightly nar-
rower than head, a little longer than wide, feebly narrowed behind, punc-
tate as in baltimorensis. Elytra wider than thorax, together one-third
longer than wide ; surface as well as that of abdomen, coarsely and sparsely
punctate. Length 9-11 mm.

Lake, Marion and Putnam counties; rare. May 3-October 31.
Occurs beneath logs on damp wooded hillsides.

P. viridanus Horn, occurring "from the Middle States westward
to Missouri," and P. confertus Lee., known from Canada, Iowa,
Illinois, and Kansas, probably occur in Indiana but are not repre-
sented in the collections.

754 (2234). PHTI.ONTHUS AI RULENTIIS Horn, Trans. Amor. Ent. Soc., XT,

1 SS4, 222.

Elongate, robust. Blade. feebly bronzed or iridescent. Antenii-r pic
onus, slightly longer than bead and thorax, joints 8-10 wider than long.
Head sulH|iindrate. coarsely punctate at sides, smooth at middle. Thorax
as wide as long, smooth at middle, coarsely and rather evenly punctate at
sides. El.vlra slightly wider than thorax, together a little longer than wide,

THE SHORT-WIN(lKl) S( ' A V KN (J K li BK KTI.KS. :W1

densely iiml rather finely punctate. Abdomen sparsely and finely punctate
above, more distinctly beneath. Length s-M.5 mm.

One in AVolcolt colled ion From beach <>!' Lake Michigan near
I'ine, Lake County. -I line l>. Kno\vn from Michigan, Kentucky
and the northwest.

XXXVI. ACTOBIUS Fauvel. LS7. r >. (Gr., "shore + 1 live.")

Small, slender, sparsely pubescent species having the last joint
of maxillary palpi conical, acute and longer than the next to last
joint; the first joint of hind tarsi equal to or shorter than fifth.
The males have the front tarsi more or less dilated and the last
ventral emargiuate, often feebly so. Twenty-three species are listed
from the United States. Of these the following have been taken or
probably occur in Indiana:

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF ACTOIHUS.

(i. Upper surface black or piceous.

//. Elytra very densely punctured and opaque.

c. Head opaque, very finely and densely punctured both above and
below. 755. CINERASCENS.

cc. Head more or less shining, punctures ab;>ve coarse and much less

dense.
d. Thorax oval, very little longer than wide.

c. Elytra longer than thorax, the latter not narrower behind.

756. NAN us.

CC. Elytra not longer than thorax, the latter very plainly narrowed
behind. INUTILIS.

(1<.I. Thorax oblong, much longer than wide ; elytra depressed, paral-
lel, longer than thorax. 757. FRATERCULUS.
hit. Elytra more or less shining, their punctures distinct.

/'. Thorax oblong, narrower behind, its punctures numerous, irregu-
larly placed ; elytra distinctly longer than thorax, paler at tips,
the punctures sparse and rather coarse. 75s. SOBRINUS.

/'/. Thorax more or less oval, not narrowed behind, the punctures few-
er and arranged in three irregular rows each side,
y. Elytra finely and rather densely punctured ; larger, 5-6 mm. ;

piceous, the legs pale.

//. Elytra very densely punctured; front tarsi of male very broad-
ly dilated. PATELLA.
///*. Elytra shining, le:-s densely punctured; front tarsi of male
much less dilated. 759. LOXATUS.
;/!/. Elytra coarsely punctured; smaller. n;it over 3.5 mm.; antenna-
and legs pale. 760. PARCUS.
mi. Bicolored species; thorax and legs always yellow.

i. Abdomen above and beneath rather densely punctured, feebly or not
at all shining.

302 FAMILY xi. sTAi'iiY

./'. Apex nl' elytra \viili n;irru\v pale border. 703. P.EUKROIUKS.

././'. Elytra uniform iu color, more elongate. 702. jocosrs.

'/. Abdomen very sparsely punet im d. more strongly shining; head and

thorax with nuiiieroiis punctures.
/,-. Metathorax nearly black : elytra widely dull yellow at tips.

TEHMINALIS.
/,/,-. Metathorax reddish: elytra narrowly bordered with paler at tips.

UMBRIPENNJS.

7."". <22: :."i. Arronrrs CINERASCENS Grav., Mnn. Col. Micr., 1800. 49.

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black ; elytra and abdomen pic-
eous, opaque; leys dusky yellow, the tibia- and tarsi darker; auteuiue brown-
ish, paler at base and tip. shorter than head and thorax, the joints all
longer than wide. Thorax not wider than head, very little longer than
wide, sides sinuate; disk rather closely and coarsely punctate, with a nar-
row smooth spare at middle. Elytra slightly broader than thorax, together
one-third longer than wide: surface, as well as that of abdomen, densely
and finely punctate. Lengtl) 4-5 nun.

Marshall ami Putnam counties; tYeijiient. April 17 October
17. Taken by sifting damp vegetable debris.

T.~i(i (2230). AcTOBirs NANVS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884. 22.".

Elongate, slender. Head and thorax black, shining; elytra and ab-
tiomeii piceous. subopaque ; anteume and legs dusky yellow. Head coarsely
and sparsely punctate above, more finely and closely beneath. Thorax not
wider than head, sides sinuate: disk sparsely and coarsely punctate on
sides, with a broad median smooth space. Elytra slightly wider and one-
third longer than thorax: surface, as well as that of abdomen, densely and
finely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.

Stenben ard Posey counties ; rare. April 21 -May 25. Taken
by sifting. Shorter and slightly stonier lhan rn,'<r^.svry/\, with the
head and thorax much more coarsely and sparsely punctate.

7."i7 (22.">S). ACTOBIUS FRATERCULUS Horn. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 18S4.
220.

Elongate, very slender, parallel. Head and thorax black, shining; ely-
tra and abdomen brownish-piceous, subopaque; antenna^ and legs pale
brown, the former shorter than head and thorax, joints 8-10 as long as
wide. Head subquadrate. sparsely and coarsely punctured above, more
densely beneath. Thorax not wider than head, one-third longer than wide,
very little narrowed behind: disk coarsely and sparsely punctate, with a
rather broad, median smooth space. Elytra slightly wider and one-third
longer than thorax: surface, as well as thai of abdomen, rather finely and
densely punctate. Length :',.." mm.

Marion County; rare. May MO. Taken from beneath bark of
butternut.

TIIK SHOUT-WINCH!) SCAVKNCHU HHHTLKS. 393

758 (2243). ACTOIJIUS SOBRINIS Erichs., Gen. Spec-. Staph.. 1840, 512.
Elongate, slender. Head and tlmrax black; elytra and abdomen pic

eons, shining; antemue brownish, joints 7-10 as wide as long, the two
basal ones and legs pale yellow. Head quadrate, coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax not wider than head,
coarsely and rather closely punctate except at middle. Elytra described
in key. Abdomen sparsely punctate, the segments paler at tip, the first
four dorsal ones deeply, transversely impressed at base. Length 4.5-
5.5 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. April !)-October 17. Occurs
beneath dead leaves and bark.

759 (2246). ACTOBIUS LOXATUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1X84.229.

Elongate, broader than in the preceding forms. Head, thorax and ely-
tra black, shining; abdomen and legs piceous. the tarsi paler; antenna-
brownish, shorter than head and thorax, the joints longer than wide. Head
subquadrate, with a few coarse punctures along the sides. Thorax not
wider than head, nearly as wide as long, punctures coarse, sparse. Elytra
wider and slightly longer than thorax, together longer than wide. Abdo-
men subopaque, rather densely and finely punctate; the second and third
dorsal segments shallowly impressed at base. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Putnam and Pnsey counties; frequent. April 22-October 17.
Sifted from beneath damp vegetable debris.

760 (2249). ACTOBIUS PARCUS Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.. XI. 1S84, 234.

Slender, subfusiform. Black, shining; elytra and abdomen with a pic-
eous tinge; legs dull yellow, the tarsi dusky; antenna- brownish, reaching
middle of thorax ; terminal joints paler, all as wide as long. Head oval,
sparsely and coarsely punctate on sides and beneath. Thorax slightly
wider than head, very little longer than wide : the punctures each side of
the median smooth space arranged in a regular row of seven. Elytra a
little wider and longer than thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate. Ab-
domen more finely punctate, the second and third dorsal segments nar-
rowly transversely impressed at base. Length 3.5 mm.

Koscinsko, Starke and Putnam counties; frequent. April 17-
October 17. Taken by sifting.

761 (2251). AcTOBirs P.^DEROIDES Lee.. N. Sp. X. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 38.
Elongate, slender. Head, meso- and metasterna and tip of abdomen

black; thorax, base of abdomen and legs yellow, elytra black with a bluish
tinge, the tips paler; antennas piceous, three basal joints paler, joints 6-10
as wide as long. Head very coarsely punctate, smooth at middle. Thorax
oblong, not wider than head, slightly narrower near base; sides distinctly
sinuate; disk coarsely and rather sparsely punctate with a narrow median
smooth space. Elytra rather coarsely, not densely punctate. Length 3.5-
4.5 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. May ID-September 4. Occurs,
beneath rubbish along the margins of ponds and streams.

394 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINIDJE.

702 (2252). ACTOBIUS jocostis Horn, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XI, 1884.

232.

Elongate, slender, parallel. Color of preceding except that the elytra
are wholly black, and the antennae brown, paler at base. Thorax oblong,
slightly narrowed behind, sides almost straight, punctate as in pcederoides;
elytra much longer and more coarsely punctured than there, one-half longer
than wide. Length 4.5 mm.

Lake County ; rare. June 15. Taken from beneath the prickly-
pear cactus.

A. inutilis Horn, 3.5-4 mm.; A. patella Horn, 5 mm.; A. termi-
inilis Lee.. 4.5 mm., and A. unibripennis Lee., 3.5 mm. in length;
all have a known range which might include Indiana in their dis-
tribution, but no one of them has as yet been noted within the State.

Tribe III. XANTHOLININI.

Very slender, small or medium-sized species, having the head
usually equal in width to thorax and narrowed behind into a small
neck; antennas elbowed, inserted close together near the middle of
the front margin of the front; thorax long and rectangular with
rows of punctures of which the outer ones are curved, its side mar-
gins double and thoracic spiracles visible. Of the seven genera
comprising the tribe, four are represented in Indiana.

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF XANTHOLININI.

. Antennae strongly elbowed; edges of elytra overlapping at suture; mid-
dle coxae widely separated.
b. Last joint of maxillary palpi long, not awl-shaped.

XXXVII. XANTHOLIJN i s.
1>1). Last joint of maxillary palpi short, awl-shaped.

c. Front tarsi broadly dilated ; head densely strigose-punctate.

XXXVIII. LEPTOLINIS.

cc. Front tarsi not dilated. XXXIX. LEPTACINUS.

mi. Antennae feebly elbowed; elytra not overlapping at suture, the sutural

stria deep; thorax narrowed in front. XL. DIOCHUS.

XXXVII. XANTHOLINUS Serv. 1825. (Gr.. "yellow.")

This genus, sufficiently characterized above, is represented in the
Shite by nine known species, while one other may occur.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF XANTHOLINUS.

*/. 1'pper (outer) marginal line of thorax bent downward and united with

the lower one at middle; thorax with dorsal rows of five or six fine

punctures. 7(!3. CEPHAS'S.

<ui. I'pper marginal line of thorax separate from the lower one nearly to

apex, not bent downward in front.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 395

ft. Punctures in dorsal rows of thorax four to six in number.
c. Color in great part black or piceous.

d. Thorax and elytra black, legs dark reddisu-brown. OBSIDIANUS.
dd. Thorax and legs reddish-yellow ; form very slender.

764. LINEARIS.

cc. Color mostly pale; head usually black or piceous.

e. Abdomen wholly pale ; punctures of head distinct, coarse and

sparse.

f. Dorsal rows of thoracic punctures extending but little behind
the middle ; form more robust ; length 5.5-6 mm.

765. EMMESUS.

//. Dorsal rows of punctures extending nearly to base ; form very
slender; length 4.5-5 mm. 766. FUSCICEPS.

ee. Last two segments of abdomen black; punctures of head very
minute and indistinct ; length 7-7.5 mm. 767. INDIANENSIS.
1)1). Punctures in dorsal rows of thorax 8 to 12 in number.
(). Piceous black, thorax not paler.

/(. Head beneath feebly punctured, above very sparsely and coarsely

punctured on the sides ; elytra dark red. 768. GULARIS..

lili. Head beneath coarsely and deeply punctured ; elytra piceous.,

legs dull brownish-yellow. 769. OBSCURTJS.

gri. Brownish-yellow, head darker; gular sutures deep.

/. Head very sparsely punctate ; body moderately robust.

770. HAMATUS.

ii. Head more closely punctate, especially on sides ; body very slen-
der. 771. PUSILLUS.

*763 (2268). XANTHOLINUS CEPHALXJS Say, Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc., IV,

1834. 452 ; ibid. II, 567.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining ; elytra and legs reddish-yellow ; an-
tennae and under surface dark reddish-brown to piceous. Head longer than
wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured above, more finely punctured and
alutaceous beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, as wide as head
in front, gradually narrowed to base. Elytra as long as and scarcely
wider than thorax, coarsely, shallowly and sparsely punctured. Abdomen
finely and very sparsely punctate. Length 6.5-7.5 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties; rare. October 7-December 25. Oc-
curs beneath bark and rubbish.

A", obsidia/mis Melsh., 6.5 mm. in length, occurs in Pennsylvania
and Iowa, and probably inhabits Indiana.

764 ( ). XANTHOLINUS LINEARIS sp. nov.

Linear. Head black, shining; thorax, legs and three basal joints of
antennae reddish-yellow; elytra reddish-brown, the margins and epipleura
pale yellow ; abdomen piceous. Antenna? stout, but slightly longer than
head, pale brown. Head alutaceous. as long as and wider than thorax,
coarsely and evenly punctate on sides and base above, sparsely and more

396 FAMILY XI. STAPTIYT.INID^.

finely punctate beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, gradually but
feebly narrowed from apex to base, the dorsal rows with five or six coarse
punctures. Elytra scarcely wider and a little shorter than thorax, coarsely
and sparsely punctate, the punctures in somewhat irregular rows. Ab-
dominal segments finely and sparsely punctate at base, both above and be-
neath. Length 5.5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 24. Taken by sifting 1 . Liebeck
compared this with the specimens in the Horn collection and stated
that it was a species near temporalis Horn. That species was de-
scribed from Florida, has the thorax black, the elytra piceo-testace-
ous at sides and tip and the inner frontal groove long and deep.

*765 (2274). XANTHOLINUS EMMESUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1SOO, 176.

Elongate, slender. Head black or piceous, rarely pale; thorax, elytra
and legs pale reddish-brown, strongly shining; abdomen usually reddish-
fuscous ; antenna? slightly longer than head, brownish, paler at base. Head
a little wider and as long as thorax, sparsely and coarsely punctate above
and beneath. Thorax one-third longer than wide, feebly narrowing from
apex to base, the dorsal rows with four or five, the rows on sides with five
or six. rather fine punctures. Elytra about as long and wide as thorax,
each with three rows of rather coarse punctures, the sutural row irregular.
Abdomen very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5-6 nun.

Throughout the State, frequent in the southern counties; much
less so northward. January (S-Juno 27. Occurs beneath bark and
logs. When disturbed they and other members of the genus roll
themselves into a coil and feign death. Tn one slender-bodied ex-
ample from Lake County, the head is concolorous with the re-
mainder of the body.

766 (2274a). XANTHOLINUS FITSCICERS Lee.. Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc.. VIII,

1880, 173.

Smaller and distinctly more slender than cnnncfiiix : elytra more or less
fuscous, both they and abdomen darker than thorax. Punctures of dorsal
rows usually six. Length 4.5 mm.

Putnam and Posey counties: scarce. April 21 -April 22. Oc-
curs in the Middle. Southern and Western States.

767 (- -). XANTIIOLINVS INDIANENSTS sp. nov.

Elongate, rather robust. Head and last two segments of abdomen
black, shining; scutellum piceous; remainder of budy pale reddish-brown.
Head one-half longer than wide, sides feeblv curved, upper surface almost
smooth at middle, sides and under surface minutely and sparsely punc-
tate: antenna* darker Mian th-n-ax. stout, slightly longer than head. Thorax
nearly one half longer Hum wide, sides almost straight, dorsal rows with
six. rows on sides with five or six. minute punctures. Elytra as long as

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 397

thorax, finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures nowhere in regular
rows. Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence feebly widen-
ing to fifth segment, finely and sparsely punctate, minutely pubescent. Length
7-7.5 mm.

Porter County; rare. May 2.1. Larger and more robust than
< nun <-sns and very distinct in color of abdomen and punctuation of
head.

7<;s (2275). XANTHOLINUS GULARLS Lee., Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., VIII,

1880, 173.

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen black or piceous ; an-
tennae, legs and elytra dull red. Thorax elongate-oblong, feebly narrowed
from apex to base; dorsal rows with nine to ten punctures and about the
same number in the rows on sides. Elytra one-third longer than thorax,
sparsely, finely and irregularly punctured. Abdomen finely and sparsely
punctured above, more coarsely beneath, the tip reddish-brown. Length
6.5-7.5 mm.

Lake and Kosciusko counties; rare. -July 23-July 24. Occurs
beneath bark, especially that of pine. A member of the boreal
fauna.

709 (227G). XANTHOLINUS OBSCVRUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 330.

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen piceous, shining; legs
and tip of abdomen dull yellow; antemue and elytra fuscous-brown, the
former one-half longer than head, the second and third joints equal. Head
oblong, as wide and about as long as thorax, alutaceous, coarsely and evenly
punctate on sides and base. Thorax oblong, feebly narrowed from apex to
base; dorsal rows of ten to twelve punctures, the sides with about fourteen,
irregularly placed. Elytra a little wider and longer than thorax, each with
about four irregular rows of rather coarse punctures. Abdomen finely and
sparsely punctate. Length G-6.5 mm.

Lake, Putnam, Vigo and Franklin counties; frequent in Lake,
rare in the others. March 26 October 17. Occurs beneath bark
and rubbish in sandy localities.

770 (2279). XANTH GLINTS HAMATUS Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc.. IV, 1S34,

453; ibid. II, 5<is.

Elongate, slender. Head black, shining; abdomen brownish-piceous ;
thorax piceous or reddish-brown ; antenme. elytra and legs pale reddish-yel-
low. Head shorter, more convex and much more sparsely and finely punc-
tate than in obscurim. Thorax one-third longer than wide, not narrowed
behind, sides parallel; dorsal rows of ten to twelve fine punctures, a short
row of four or five and the sides with eight to ten. irregularly placed, with
others near the apical angles. Elytra one-third longer and slightly wider
than thorax, each with four or five rows of fine, sparse punctures. Abdo-
men finely, sparsely punctured, the hind margins of (lie segments paler.
Length 5.5-6 mm.

398 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID^.

Southern half of State; scarce. April 22-June 2. Taken by
sifting 01- by beating low herbs.

771 (2278). XANTHOLINI'S IM siu,i s Sadist-., Stett. Ent. Zeit., 1852, 124.
Elongate, very slender, parallel. Head black; abdomen and under sur-
face piceous; thorax, elylra and legs reddish-brown. Head but little longer
than wide; coarsely and rather closely punctate ou the sides above, more
finely and sparsely beneath. Thorax one-half longer than wide, slightly
narrower than head, sides almost straight; dorsal rows with about eight
rather tine punctures, the ones on sides with five or six. Elytra slightly
wider and one-fourth longer than thorax, each with two discal rows of
rather fine punctures and numerous confused ones near the suture. Abdo-
men finely and sparsely punctate. Length 45.5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 22.

XXXVIII. LEPTOLINUS Kraatz. 1857. (Gr., "slender.")

Very slender species having the third joint of maxillary palpi
swollen and obconical, the last joint very small and awl-shaped.
One of the two species occurs in the State.

772 (2282). LEPTOLINUS RUBKIPENNIS Lee., Trans. Auier. Eut. Soc., VIII.

1880, 171.

Elongate, slender. Head, thorax and abdomen brownish-black, sub-
opaque: antenna?, legs and elytra dull red, the latter dusky about the scu-
tellum. Head nearly twice as long as wide, finely and densely strigose-
punctate ; antenna? reaching middle of thorax, the outer joints nearly twice
as wide as long. Thorax as long as and a little narrower than head, finely
and densely punctate, with a narrow, smooth median line. Elytra slightly
wider and more sparsely and finely punctured than thorax. Abdomen very
finely and densely punctate, wider at apex than base, the tip paler. Male
with last ventral acutely notched and grooved lengthwise. Length 6-
G.5 mm.

Lake, Posey and Dubois counties; rare. April 19-May 28.
Sifted from woody debris. Easily known by the dense sculpture
of head and thorax.

XXXIX. LEPTACINUS Erichs. 1837. (Gr., "slender.")

Elongate slender species having the last joint of palpi awl-
shaped; middle coxa' widely separated; front tarsi not dilated. Of
the twelve species known from North America, the following have
been taken or perhaps occur in Indiana :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF LEPTACINUS.

a. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi slender, scarcely shorter than third:
outer side margin of thorax acute in front of middle, not united with
the lower or inner lint. 773. FLAVIPES.

THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGES BEETLES. 399

an. Fourth joint of maxillary palpi very small; outer margin of thorax not

acute in front of middle.
l>. Thorax elongate-oval, Hie sides rounded inl<> base and apex.

774. LONGIOO1.UH.

l>li. Thorax with distinct angles.

c. Punctures of thorax confused, and confined to the sides; reddish
hi-<>\vn, elytra piceous with sides and tips yellowish.

775. RUFICOLUS.

<<: Punctures of thorax in dorsal rows ; color piceous or black.
d. Punctures of dorsal rows S-10 in number ; legs pale.

NIGRITULUS.

(Id. Punctures of dorsal rows 12-14 in number ; legs dark.

SERIATUS.

77:: (2284). LEPTACINUS FLAVIPES Lee., N. Sp. N. A. Col., I, 1863, 41.

Elongate, slender. I lead and abdomen blackish-piceous, shining ; thorax
and elytra dark reddish-brown ; antenna? brown, paler at base ; legs reddish-
yellow. Head longer than wide, with rather dense elongate punctures on
sides and base. Thorax oblong-oval, rather sparsely, evenly and finely punc-
tate on the sides, smooth at middle, the dorsal rows with 12-16 punctures.
Elytra as wide and long as thorax, sparsely and finely punctate. Abdomen
finely and rather densely punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Putnam County ; frequent locally. March 20-April 22. Sifted
from vegetable debris.

774 (2287). LEPTACINUS LONGICOLLIS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 41.
Elongate, very slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining, sparsely

clothed with erect hairs; legs and base of antennae paler. Head one-half
longer than wide, its surface, as well as that of thorax and elytra, finely
and sparsely punctate. Thorax one-half longer than wide, but feebly nar-
rowed behind, disk with a smooth space at middle. Elytra slightly wider
and distinctly shorter than thorax. Abdomen slightly narrower at base
than elytra, thence gradually broadening, the fifth dorsal distinctly wider
than first ; surface finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm.

Clark County ; rare. May 6. Occurs beneath stones, often in
ants' nests.

775 (2290). LEPTACINUS KUFICOLLIS Lee., N. Sp. N. Amer. Col., I, 1863, 42.
Elongate, slender. Head and abdomen piceous; antennae, thorax and

legs pale reddish-brown. Head longer than wide, alutaceous, coarsely and
evenly punctate. Thorax one-third longer than wide, with a broad, smooth
space at middle. Elytra with four or five somewhat irregular rows of fine
punctures. Abdomen very slightly widening from base to apex, finely and
sparsely punctate. Length 4-4.5 mm.

Putnam County; rare. April 22. Probably occurs sparingly
throughout the southern half of State.

L. uifjritulus Lee., 3.5 mm., and L. seriatus Lee., 4.8 mm. in
length, were both described from Detroit and Canada, and probably
occur in the northern third of Indiana.
[2623402]

400 FAMILY XT. STAIMLYLIXID.K.

XL. Diorrirp Erichs. 1840. (Gr.. "to wash away.")

Small, slender species, having the antenna- nearly
straight and ihe head oval, much smaller than thorax.
\fl/ the last joint of palpi very small and awl-shaped.
(Fig. IliOj One species occurs in the eastern I'nited
States and Indiana.

77<i (1'1 M .!)). DIOCHI-S SCIIAUMII Kraatz., Wieu. Ent. Mouat..

IV, 1800, 27.

Elongate, slender. I'iceous. shining; legs, and sometimes
M F nt s 16 Erichs i< "* A the thorax and tips of elytra dull yellow; antennae brown.
Central American j, a i er ; ,t base. Head very sparsely and finely punctate.

species. X 8.

(After Erichson.) Thorax oblong-oval, sides rounded into base and apex, disk
with a row of four or five punctures on sides and with four to six faint
ones on middle. Elytra one-third wider and about as long as thorax,
smooth or nearly so. Abdomen minutely and densely punctate, subopaqne.
the tip paler. Length 2.7-3 mm.

Starke. Kosciusko. Putnam and Posey counties; scarce. April
21-October 17. Sifted from vegetable debris in low moist places.

Subfamily III. STENINAE.

Short, rather robust, subcylindrical. black or piceous species.
having the head large, wider than long, with prominent eyes, thus
resembling those of the tiger beetles; antennae straight, inserted
upon the front, 11 -jointed, the last three joints larger than those
preceding; first joint of maxillary palpi nearly as long as second,
the fourth obsolete; labrum entire, rounded in front; thorax con-
vex, usually distinctly longer than wide; elytra wider than thorax;
abdomen with seven segments, usually narrowing from base to apex.
each dorsal segment with a transverse elevated ridge at base, this
usually with several cusps or teeth projecting backward; tarsi five-
jointed, the fourth joint often bilobed beneath. The thorax and
elytra are deeply sculptured, and this character, taken in connec-
tion with their large eyes and black color render them, as a group,
very easy to separate.

The Stenids occur for the most part along the muddy or sandy
borders of lakes, prrds and streams, where they run swiftly in the
sunshine bnl hide beneath bark, moss and rubbish in cloudy or cold
weather. All are probab'y carnivorous, catching their prey alive
like most of the Carabida-. and not feeding on carrion and excre-
ment as do most other Staphylinid forms.

The principal paper IreatinL' 1 of the North American species
is bv

THE SHORT- W INC HI) Si 'A VKNTGER JiKK TIYKS. 401

f V/.sr//, Thos. L. "Revision of the Stenini of America North of
Mexico," 1884, pp. 1-206. (Published privately.)

Two genera comprise the subfamily, both of which are repre-
sented in Indiana.

KEY TO GENERA OF STENIN^E.

'/. Paraglossa not narrowed at base; cheeks prominent; elytra each with
a large reddish-yellow spot. XLT. DIANOUS.

IKI. Paraglossa strongly narrowed at base; cheeks very small, usually in-
visible from above. XLII. STENUS.

XLI. DIANOUS Leach. 1819. (Gr., "to meditate.")

Rather robust species having the eyes smaller and more widely
separated than in Stcmts; antenna} long and slender; abdomen
strongly margined at the sides. Two species are known from the
Fnited States, one of which has been taken in the State, while the
other, T). ('(Frulcsccns Gyll, has been taken about the Great Lakes
and probably occurs in northern Indiana.

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIANOUS.

it. Elytra scarcely longer than wide ; punctuation coarse and sparse.

777. NITIIH'LUS.

<HI. Elytra distinctly longer than wide; punctuation fine and dense.

CCERULESCENS.

777 (2301). DIANOI'S NITIDVLVS Lee., Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI.
1874, 272.

Black or dark steel blue; elytra each with a large rounded pale spot
behind the middle ; pubescence very fine and si; arse, visible only on head
and abdomen. Head with two wide, shallow grooves between the eyes,
separated by a convex ridge ; finely and rather closely punctured. An-
tennae reaching middle of thorax, third joint one-half longer than fourth.
Thorax subcylindrieal, widest at middle, narrower at base than apex, with-
out median impression; surface rather coarsely, not closely punctate. Ely-
tra slightly narrower than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and evenly punc-
tate, the punctures separated by twice their own width. Abdomen finely
and sparsely punctate. Length 4.5 mm.

Floyd County; scarce. October 4-()ctober 9. Taken beneath
stones on the bank of the Ohio River.

XLII. STENCS Lat. 17!Hi. (Or., "narrow.")

A very large genus of closely related forms which for conven-
ience are separated into the following groups:

402 FAMILY XI. STAPHTLINID^.

KEY TO INDIANA GROUPS OF STENUS.

a. Abdomen strongly and distinctly margined along the sides.

6. Fourth joint of tarsi simple. Group /.

bb. Fourth joint of tarsi bilobed. Group //.

aw. Abdomen not distinctly margined, faint traces of a marginal line being

visible only on first segment.

c. Fourth joint of tarsi simple or but slightly enlarged. Group ///.

cc. Fourth joint of tarsi distinctly bilobed. Group IV.

GROUP I.

This group, on account of its size, Casey also separated into the
following divisions :

KEY TO DIVISIONS OF GROCP I.

a. Elytra each with an orange spot near the middle of the disk.

Division .1.
a. Elytra without pale spot.

b. Punctures in some portion of the elytra more or less joined or coales-

cent, sometimes only in twos or threes, sometimes in long channels.

c. The channels or rows of punctures in some one spot on the surface

of each elytron arranged in a spiral or whorl which is complete

or very nearly closed. Division B.

cc. The channels or rows of united punctures often sinuous but never

forming a completed vortex or whorl.
d. Thorax with a more or less distinct median channel or groove.

Division C.

(7(7. Thorax without trace of median groove. Division D.

bb. Punctures of elytra all isolated and distinct one from another.

Division E.
Division A.

The species of this division are among the largest in the genus.
They are easily recognized by the orange colored spot on each ely-
tron. Two species have heen taken in Indiana, while another
doubtless occurs.

KEY TO SPECIES OF DIVISION A.

a. Femora black; length 4.5-5 mm. 778. BIPUNCTATUS.

ttfl. Femora not black, ranging in color from dark piceous-brown to dull yel-
low.
b. Head wider than elytra, spot on latter bilobed ; length 3.6-4 mm.

779. COLON.

bb. Head equal in width to elytra, spot rounded; ninth and tenth joints
of antennae equal ; length 3.8^.4 mm. SEMICOLON.

778 (2303). STENUS BIPUNCTATUS Erichs.. Col. March., 1S37, 530.

Rather robust. Black, feebly bronzed, shining, very finely and sparsely
pubes.Tiit : elytra each with a small, pale, rounded spot just behind the
middle. Head less than twice as wide as long, deeply excavated and finely
punctured between the eyes ; antenna? reaching middle of thorax, the third

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 403

joint twice the length of fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest one-third
from base ; disk finely, evenly and densely punctate and with a narrow,
deep median impression just behind the middle. Elytra at base as wide
as head, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and regularly punctate. Length
4.4-5 mm.

Floyd County; rare. October 9. Taken along the Ohio River;
also by Dury at Cincinnati.

779 (2304). STENUS COLON Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 458;
ibid. II, 574.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining ; under surface piceons ; ely-
tra each with a sublimate or triangular reddish-yellow spot behind the mid-
dle ; legs dull yellow, the femora fuscous on apical third. Head slightly
more than twice as wide as long, deeply excavated and densely punctured
between the eyes ; antenna? not reaching middle of thorax, the third joint
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest at middle, densely and rather
coarsely punctate and with a short, narrow and deep impression just be-
hind the middle. Elytra at base much narrower than head, densely and
coarsely punctate. Length 3.6-4 mm.

Described from Fosey County. Known from Michigan, Vir-
ginia and other Southern States. Not represented in the collection
at hand.

8. semicolon Lee., has the same range as the preceding and
doubtless occurs sparingly in Indian?).

Division B.

In addition to the complete spiral or whorl of united punctures,
the members of this Division usually have single, more or less iso-
lated punctures on the other parts of the elytra. Four species be-
longing here may occur in the State, though but three have been
taken.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION B.

(i. Legs black beneath.

?>. Elytra (along the suture) distinctly longer than thorax; head as wide
as the elytra at base, deeply excavated between the eyes.

780. JUNO.

1>1>. Elytra rather shorter than thorax, the latter very robust; body de-
pressed. AUSTINI.
mi. Legs not black beneath; elytra slightly longer than thorax, the latter

widest at or just behind the middle.

c. Median impression of thorax beginning before the middle, narrow,
deep, conspicuous; elytra deeply, closely and irregularly channeled;
fifth ventral of male wilh a rounded notch at apex.

781. FEMORATUS.

404 FAMILY XI. STAPTTYLINID7E.

re. Medina impression ol' thorax beginning behind middle, wider, much
more shallow and inconspicuous; elytr.nl surface much less chan-
neled, the punctures distinct over a great part of their area; fifth
segment of male not notched at apex. 782. SIMILIATUS.

ISO (2,311). STENUS JUNO Fab., Syst. Eleut, II, 1801, 602.

Elongate, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent :
antenna?, palpi, tibia? and tarsi piceous. Head scarcely twice as wide as
long, the front coarsely punctate, with a deep groove each side, separated
by a strongly convex ridge. Thorax subcylindrical, slightly longer than
wide, widest at middle: coarsely, closely and evenly punctate, the punc-
tures confluent near base and apex; the median impressed line very faint,
two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra coarsely, deeply and densely punc-
tured and channeled, the spiral on the side just behind middle. Abdomen
one-third narrower than elytra, deeply and rather sparsely punctate, the
first four dorsal segments deeply impressed at base, their transverse carime
with three cusps projecting backward. Length 4.5 mm.

Lake, Vigo and Posey counties ; frequent in Lake, scarce in the
others. March 26-Jnly 1. Taken from beneath rubbish on the
beach of Lake Michigan and from under logs on wooded hillsides
in the southern counties.

8. ai(stiiii Casey, 3.5-3.8 mm. in length, a member of the boreal
fauna, ranges from New Hampshire to Lake Superior and probably
occurs in northern Indiana.

7*1 (2319). STENUS FEMORATUS Say. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV. 1834.
459; ibid. II, 574.

Short, rather robust. Black, shining, clothed with short and sparse sub-
erect pubescence, orange-yellow on the abdomen, grayish elsewhere; legs
dusky yellow, the femora darker at apex. Head more than twice as wide
as long, surface between the eyes concave, finely and densely punctate and
with a median ridge; an tenure reaching middle of thorax, piceous. the third
joint less than one-half lunger than the fourth. Thorax finely, closely and
irregularly punctate and with a narrow, deep impression on median third.
Elytra densely and irregularly punctate, the punctures united into channels
over most of the surface, the spiral behind the middle. Abdomen narrower
at base than elytra, thence distinctly tapering to apex; finely and densely
punctate, the transverse carinre with three cusps. Length 3.51 mm.

Marion County; scarce April 4-April 24. Probably occurs
the State.

7*2 ( ). STEM s SIMTUATUS sp. n<>v.

Short, robust. Black, shining, very finely and sparsely pubescent; an-
tenna' pieeous; legs reddish, the femora darker at tips. Head twice as wide
as long, surface between the eyes feebly concave, its median portion slightly
i-onvex. rather coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax slightly longer than
wide, widest at middle; coarsely and closely punctate and with a shallow
impression on basal half. Elytra as long as wide, one-fifth longer than

THE SHOET-WINGE1) SCAVENGER BEETLES. 405

tlntrnx. coarsely and densely imnctate and with an almost complete spiral
behind Hie middle. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, very
Jeebly tapering to apex, finely and rather sparsely pmietate, the transverse
cariiue with three cusps. Length 3.5-4 mm.

Marion. Vigo, Lawrence. Clark, Floyd and Posey counties;
scarce. March 1 -November 2S. Taken by sifting, beneath mul-
lein, elc. Resembles fcnioi-ahix in form, size and color, but the
sculpture is much more regular. 1hc abdomen less tapering and the
median impression of thorax wholly different.

Division C.

Here a part or all of the punctures are united or confluent, but
the channels which they form are never arranged in a complete
spiral or whorl on any part of the elytra. 'The channels or punc-
tures may be comparatively distant or very closely compacted, and
the interspaces correspondingly wide or acute, convex or flat, highly
polished or minutely granulose and feebly shining." The thorax
is always marked with a. distinct impression or canaliculation on
some part of the middle of the disk. The following species have
been taken or probably occur in the State:

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION C.

a. Larger, more than 2 mm. in length; elytral suture not more than one-
third longer than thorax: transverse carhue of abdomen with three
cusps.

It. Form extremely slender, nearly cylindrical; elytra much shorter than
thorax, head much wider than elytra: length 3-3.5 mm.

783. STRANUl'LATl'S.

hit. Form much more robust; elytra at most but little shorter than thorax,

usually longer.

iL Larger, 3.7-4.8 mm. : head wide and robust, as broad as or broader
than elytra: males (except in nctjlcctm) with the side margins
of the impressed area of fifth ventral segment in the form of
ridges which terminate behind in acute teeth.

c. Legs black: length 3.7-4 mm. INTRCSI s.

cc. Legs piceous or paler.

/'. Head not twice as wide as long, deeply excavate between the
eyes; legs pale piceous-brown : length 4-4.8 mm.

784. ERYTiiRorrs.

//. Head twice as wide as long, feebly excavate between the eyes:

legs piceous; length 3.S-4 mm. NEGLECTI s.

'hi. Smaller, net over 3.. r > mm.: males with margins of impressed area

of fifth ventral without ridges or teeth.

!>. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax, the latter wider before
the middle: form slender: length !'.." mm. srirnus.

406 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINTD^E.

yg. Elytral suture longer than thorax,
/i. Species 3 nun. or more in length.

/. Longitudinal elevation between (lie eyes indistinct or nearly

obsolete ; length .'! nun.

./'. Thorax with median impression very feeble, extending
nearly the entire length. VICINUS.

/'/. Thorax with median impression reduced to a simple ero-
sion just behind the middle. INGRATUS.
//. Longitudinal elevation distinct; head wider than elytra at
base ; length 3.3 mm. 785. SCABIOSUS.
lih. Species less than 3 mm. in length.

/,-. Thorax widest distinctly before the middle.

/. Legs black ; length 2.6-3 mm. INORNATUS.

//. Legs fuscous ; length 2.5-2.7 mm. PLACIDUS.

A'A-. Thorax widest at or behind the middle ; length 2.4-2.6 mm.

EBIENSIS.
>ni. Minute species, length less than 2 mm.

tit. Transverse carinse of abdomen without cusps; length 1.7-1.9 mm.

NANUS.

iiini: Transverse cariiue with three cusps; form much more slender; length
1.7 mm. puMirjo.

783 (2321). STENUS STRANGULATES Casey, Rev. Sten., 1884, 39.

Elongate, very slender. Black, shining, very sparsely and finely pubes-
cent; antenna? piceous, palpi paler; legs uniform dull reddish-brown. Head
nearly twice as wide as long; surface between the eyes deeply excavate,
finely and rather sparsely punctate, with two grooves and a median con-
vex ridge. Thorax widest before the middle, slightly longer than wide,
coarsely and irregularly punctate, the median impression rather wide and
shallow, extending two-thirds the length of disk. Elytra at base two-thirds
the width of head ; coarsely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen long, feebly
tapering, coarsely and sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.5 mm.

Lake County ; rare. May 2. Known heretofore from New
York and Detroit.

784 (2328). STENUS ERYTHROPUS Melsh., Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat- Sci., II.

1844. 40.

Rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with short, tine gray-
ish pubescence ; antenna? piceous, palpi and legs piceous-brown. Head be-
tween the eyes distinctly excavate, coarsely, closely and evenly punctate,
the median ridge low and subnbsolete. Antennae longer than width of head,
the third joint one-third longer than fourth. Thorax very robust, widest at
middle, coarsely, closely and unevenly punctate and with a rather narrow
shallow impression extending from middle two-thirds to base. Elytra
slightly longer than thorax, coarsely, deeply and unevenly punctate. Ab-
domen at base narrower than elytra, thence feebly tapering to apex, coarse-
ly and rather closely punctate at base, more finely toward apex. Length
45 mm.

THE SHOUT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 407

Vigo, Orange and Posey counties; scarce. April 13-May 24.
In one specimen there is a faint small pale spot on the middle of
each elytron.

785 (2342). STENUS SCABIOSUS Casey, Rev. Sten., 1884, 60.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with very fine gray
pubescence, yellowish on the abdomen; legs fuscous above, reddish-brown
beneath. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes excavate,
finely and closely punctate. Antenna? reaching middle of thorax, third joint
one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest just behind the middle, finely
and densely punctate and with a fusiform impression on median third.
Elytra slightly longer than thorax, finely, closely and irregularly punctate.
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, feebly tapering to apex,
finely, evenly and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.3 mm.

Koscinsko County ; rare. June 24. Two specimens taken while
sweeping low herbs in swampy places.

The other species of Division C, briefly characterized in the
above key, were with the exception of nanus Steph. and pumilio
Erichs., all described by Casey in his Revision, and it is probable
that a number of them will prove to be synonymous. His types of
these species were from points mostly in Michigan, which would
render their occurrence in Indiana, especially the northern por-
tion, very probable, though as yet specimens have not been taken.

Division D.

In this group the elytra are sculptured as in Division C, but the
thorax is without an impression along the median line. The beetle,
says Casey, "should be held in such a manner that the light will
pass obliquely across the highest point of the thorax and perpen-
dicular to its longer axis. If there is no sign of even a narrow
longitudinal shade, the species belongs to this division. If there
be even a faint shadow extending along the middle of the disk, the
insect may be considered as belonging to Division C."

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF DIVISION D.

(/. Transverse carinae of abdomen with cusps.
6. Transverse carinse with four cusps.

c. Elytral suture longer than thorax ; longitudinal elevation between
the eyes almost obsolete ; length 3-3.4 mm. 786. COLONUS.

cc. Elytral suture equal in length to thorax; longitudinal elevation be-
tween the eyes evident, broad ; thorax more coarsely and roughly
punctate; length 3.5 mm. 787. STSPECTI s.

hi). Transverse cariiifp with three cusps.

(1. Elytral suture slightly shorter than thorax; head wider than ely-
tra ; antennal joints three, four and five uniformly decreasing in
length ; femora pale beneath; length 2.5-2.9 mm. 788.

408 FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINIDJE.

dd. Elytra] sutui-e much longer than thorax ; head not wider than ely-
tra : legs piceous ; length 2.6 mm. ANIMATUS.
(iff. Transverse carina? without cusps; thorax with a narrow elevated longi-
tudinal carina on its basal half; length 2.3-2.8 mm. CARINICOLLIS.

780 (2370). STENUS COLONUS Brichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 699.

Rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray pubes-
cence; legs black; antenna; and tarsi brownish. Head less than twice as
wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, finely and densely punctate.
Antenna? short, not longer than width of head; third joint less than one-
half longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrical, widest slightly behind the
middle, finely and densely punctate. Elytra one-sixth longer than thorax,
about as wide at base as head, coarsely, densely and irregularly punctate.
Abdomen slightly narrower at base than elytra, thence distinctly tapering
to apex, finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3-3.4 mm.

Lawrence County; rare. May 23.

787 ( ). STENUS SUSPECTUS sp. nov.

Rather robust. Black, feebly shining, sparsely clothed with fine gray
hairs: femora black: antenna?, tibia? and tarsi piceous. Head one-half
wider than long, coarsely and closely punctate. Antenna? reaching middle
of thorax, third and fourth joints subequal. Thorax narrower than head,
widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, coarsely, densely and roughly
punctate. Elytra at base one-fourth wider than thorax, punctate as there,
the punctures on sides in evident, irregular channels. Abdomen at base
slightly narrower than elytra, feebly tapering to apex, rather finely and
closely punctate, the transverse carina? with four fine cusps. Length 3.5 mm.

Lake and Vigo counties; rare. May 2S-October 1. Taken be-
neath bark of elm.

788 (2377). STENUS HUMITJS Erichs., Col. March., 1837. 554.

Short, rather robust. Black, strongly shining; legs reddish-piceous. the
under side of femora and basal joint of palpi much paler. Head twice as
wide as long, surface between the eyes feebly excavate, coarsely, closely
and evenly punctate, the longitudinal elevation rather strongly convex.
Antemifp dark piceous-brown. slightly longer than width of head. Thorax
robust, widest just behind the middle, rather finely, densely and roughly
punctate. Elytra at base scarcely wider than thorax at middle, rather
coarsely, densely and very roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra
at base, sides nearly parallel, surface rather coarsely and closely punctate,
more finely toward apex. Length 2.5-3 mm.

Kosciusko County; scarce. June 24. Casey's nxmnnops is sairl
fo be a synonym.

S. (inhtKii us Casey and carinicollis Casey were both described
I'rotn Micbi^an and probably inhabit northern Indiana.

THE ST-IOirr-VnNOFI) SCA VKXCi K1I I!F FTI.FS. 40!)

nirixioii E.

In this division the punctures d' elytra are ;ill separate and
distinct one from anollier. The sp.'cirs are rather small and. except
the first two. highly polished.

KEY TO SPECIES OK DIVISION E.

/. Pubescence very coarse and distinct, brownish-yellow on the abdomen :
punctures crowded, the interspaces not polished.

b. Longitudinal grooves between the eyes distinct; form slender.

789. sTYdiers.

1>l>. Longitudinal grooves absent, the surface between the eyes flat; form
more robust. 790. EGENTS.

mi. Pubescence very tine and indistinct, very seldom yellow : punctures
rather sparse, their interspaces polished.

c. Transverse ca rinse of abdomen with four cusps.

//. Thorax with an impression along some part of the median line.
e. Thorax elongate, slender ; punctures separated by at least their
own diameters; length 3-4 mm. VINNULVH.

<('. Thorax shorter, robust; punctures very close, never separated
by more than one-third their own width; third joint of an-
tenna? much longer than fourth ; length 3.2-3.4 mm.

CANALJCFLATUS.

<1(1. Thorax without an impression along the median line.

/. First joint of hind tarsi twice as long as second ; length 3 mm.

791. ARGUS.

ff. First joint scarcely one-half longer than second; antennal joints

four and five equal in length, abruptly shorter than third ;

length 2.3 mm. MINO::.

IT. Transverse carinfp of abdomen without cusps; thorax not impressed.

g. Very small, not over 2.2 mm.

//. Elytra much longer than wide, sparsely punctured, highly pol-
ished. 792. JUVENCUS.
/(.//.. Elytra nearly quadrate, very densely punctured. PAUPERCULTJS.
!/(/. Larger, not less than 2.x mm.: anteuual joints three to six decreas-
ing in length. 793. MORIO.

7s<> (2383). STENUS STYOKTS Say. Trans. Arner. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, 45S :

ibid. II, 574.

Rather slender. Black, feebly shining; rather thickly clothed with long.
coarse, prostrate grayish-yellow hairs; legs and antenna? piceous, tarsi
slightly paler. Head rather smallf not twice as wide as long; surface be-
tween the eyes nearly flat, densely and coarsely punctate. Antenna? slightly
longer than width of head, the third joint a little longer than fourth.
Thorax subcylindrical, widest in front of middle, one-fourth longer than
wide; coarsely, closely and evenly punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider
than head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax, punctured like the latter.
Abdomen at base narrower than elytra, very feebly tapering to apex, finely
and sparsely punctate, the transverse can me with four cusps. Length 3-
3.7 mm.

410 FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINID^.

Laporte, Floyd and Clark counties; scarce. May 6-October !).
The coarse, prostrate hairs often cause the elytra to appear sculp-
tured as in Division C.

790 (2384). STENUS KGENI/S Erichs., Geii. Spec. Staph.. 1S4U, 698.

Rather robust. Black, shining, thickly clothed with short, prostrate
yellowish hairs, which give the abdomen a brassy tinge; legs piceous. Head
twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes flat, densely and deeply
punctate. Antennae as long as width of head, third joint one-third longer
than fourth. Thorax short, robust, widest just before the middle, finely,
evenly and very densely punctured. Elytra at base slightly wider than
head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax ; deeply, rather coarsely and
densely punctate. Abdomen as wide at base as elytra, thence gradually
tapering to apex, finely punctate, the carinre with four cusps. Length li.s
3 inm.

Throughout the State; common. February 23-November 8.
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves and rubbish. Easily distin-
guished by the short, robust form, dense, even punctuation, flat
vertex and yellow pubescence of abdomen.

S. vinnulus Casey, and S. canaliculatus Gyll, are known from
Massachusetts and Michigan; 8. minor and S. pauper culus were
both described by Casey from Michigan.

791 (2396). STENUS ARGUS Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 231.

Short, rather robust. Black, shining; sparsely clothed with short gray
pubescence ; legs piceous. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the
eyes flat, evenly and densely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal
carina. Antennae slightly longer than width of head, third joint one-third
longer than fourth. Thorax widest a little before the middle, very slightly
longer than wide, closely, rather coarsely and somewhat unevenly punctate.
Elytra at base slightly wider than head, sutural line one-fourth longer than
thorax ; coarsely, deeply and evenly punctate, the interspaces equal in width
to punctures. Abdomen finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 2.5-
2.8 mm.

Lake and Starke counties: scarce. May 19-June 17. Casey's
ageus and rigidus are said to be synonymous.

792 (2401). STENUS JUVENCUS Casey, Rev. Sten., 1884, 123.

Rather slender. Black, strongly shining, clothed with long, gray, pros-
trate hairs ; legs piceous, paler beneath. Head twice as wide as long, ver-
tex flat, finely and rather sparsely punctate and with a distinct longitudinal
elevation. Auteiuue piceous-browu, third joint nearly one-half longer than
fourth. Thorax widest at middle, slightly longer than wide, rather coarsely
and deeply punctate. Elytra at base slightly narrower than head, sutural
line one-fourth longer than thorax ; finely, rather sparsely and evenly punc-
tate. Abdomen at base as wide as elytra ; feebly tapering to apex, coarsely
and sparsely punctate. Length 2-2.2 mm.

THE SHORT-WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 411

Marion County; rare. April 4. Taken by sifting. The small
si/e. highly polished surface and Ions' 1 proslrale hairs of abdomen
readily distinguish this form from its allies. Described from
Detroit.

79.", (- -). STENUS MORIO Grav., Mem. Col. Micr., 1800, 2: to.

Elongate, slender. Black, strongly shining, very sparsely clothed with
tine gray pubescence. Head twice as wide as long, surface between the eyes
feebly concave, coarsely and closely punctate. Antenna? piceous, reaching
nearly to middle of thorax, third joint slightly longer than fourth. Thorax
widest just in front of middle, thence distinctly converging and feebly
sinuate to base ; disk rather coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate. Elytra
at base slightly narrower than head, suture one-fifth longer than thorax ;
disk coarsely, evenly and deeply punctate, the punctures separated by more
than their own diameters. Abdomen finely and sparsely punctate, the first
four segments as wide as elytra with distinct border, then distinctly taper-
ing to apex, the border very narrow. Length 2.8-3 mm.

Marion County ; scarce. May 22-June 12. Taken by sweeping.
Ranges from Michigan to California.

GROUP II.

In this group the abdomen is margined and the fourth joint of
tarsi bilobed. Of the four species recognized by Casey, but one
has a known distribution which would bring it within the limits of
Indiana. This is 8. croceatus Casey. 3.7-4.5 mm. in length, and
having the legs pale brownish-yellow, darker at the knees. Its
range is given as New England to Nebraska, but no specimen has
as yet been taken in Indiana.

GROUP III.

This group comprises species having the abdomen cylindrical,
without a margin along the sides and with the fourth joint of hind
tarsi simple. Three species may occur in the State, though but one
has as yet been taken.

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP III.

'/. Elytral punctures isolated and distinct.

It. Robust, very convex, nearly cylindrical ; densely pubescent, very
coarsely punctate; length 2.5-2.7 mm. GRATIOSUS.

bl>. Much more slender, depressed; very sparsely pubescent, finely punc-
tate ; elytra 1 suture one- third longer than thorax ; length 2 mm.

CURTUS.

aa. Elytral punctures more or less confluent, the surface very rough ; first
joint of hind tarsi more than twice the length of second ; length
3.5 mm. 794. ALACER.

412 K \\II1.Y XI. STAIMTYLIXID.!-:.

7<>4 <241f>). STK.NTS AI. ACER Casey. Rev. Sten., 1884, 335.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining, very tinely and sparsely pubescent :
legs dull yellow, very lung and slender, Hie femora piceuus at lips; palpi
pale yellow. Head I \vu-t liirds wider than lung, surface between Ilie eyes
deeply excavate, sparsely and unevenly punctured and with a distinct me-
dian carina. Antenna- brownish, one-half longer than width of head, the
third joint one-third longer than fourth. Thorax subcylindrieal, widest
slightly behind the middle, one-sixth longer than wide, coarsely, densely
and roughly punctate. Elytra at base as wide as head, suture slightly
longer than thorax; very roughly, densely and coarsely punctate. Abdomen
much narrower than elytra, tapering from base to apex: coarsely and
closely punctate near base, finely and sparsely toward apex. Length 3.2-
3.7 mm.

Posey County; rare. April 22. Taken from beneath mullein
leaves on a sandy hillside. A member of the Austroriparian fauna,
known from Florida, Texas and southern Illinois.

GROUP IV.

The members of this group differ from those of the preceding
only in having the fourth joint or tarsi distinctly bilobed beneath.
The abdomen is subcylindrieal. usually tapering from the base and
without distinct side margins. The following species have been
taken or may occur in the State :

KEY TO SPECIES OF GROUP IV.

<i. Fourth and fifth abdominal segments wider than the iirst ; length 4-

4.4 mm. ADVEXA.

mi. Abdominal segments decreasing regularly in width from the base, the

fourth not wider than first.
1>. Large species, 3.6 mm. or more in length.
c. Femora and tibiae not black throughout.

'/. Legs and autenn;e almost wholly pale dull yellow, the tips of hind
femora alone darker; head slightly broader than elytra.

795. FLAVICORMS.

'/'/. Legs black, the femora reddish-yellow at base. 7!><;. ANNULARIS.
cc. Femora and tibiae wholly black, the tarsi pale.

c. Thorax equally wide at base and apex. TARSALIS.

cc. Thorax distinctly wider at apex than base. 7 ( J7. CANADENSIS.
lil>. Smaller species, not exceeding 3.4 mm. in length.

/. Legs pale yellow, the femora darker at tip; length 3-3.2 mm.

70S. CALLOSI s.

ff. Legs dark fuscous brown in color throughout.
(j. Thorax distinctly longer than wide.

/;. Elytra very slightly longer than thorax, their punctures very

coarse; length 2.8 ::.4 mm. 70!>. ARCTLI'S.

////. Elytra one-third longer than thorax, their punctures tine and

close; length .". .1.", mm. 800. PUNCTATUS.

(///. Thorax as wide as long; length 2.8-3 mm. HUBBARUI.

THE SHORT- WINGED SCAVENGER BEETLES. 413

795 (2443). STENUS FLAVICOKNIS Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 733.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining, sparse-
ly clothed with fine gray hairs. Head nearly twice
as wide as long, surface between the eyes feebly
concave, finely, closely and deeply punctate, with
a groove each side of a slightly convex ridge. An-
tenna? long and slender, third joint two-thirds longer
than fourth. Thorax widest in front of middle,
slightly longer than wide, closely, rather coarsely
and deeply punctate. Elytra distinctly longer than
the width at base, punctures round, rather small
and deep, separated by more than twice their width.
Abdomen narrower than elytra, the first four seg-
ments equal in width, finely, closely and evenly
punctate. Length 4.6-4.8 mm. (Fig. 161.) Fig. l(H. (Original.)

Throughout the State; common. March 13-November 28. First
described by Say under the name S. gen-iculatns, which name was
preoccupied.

*796 (2444). STENUS ANNULARIS Erichs., Gen. Sp. Staph., 1840, 735.

Elongate, robust, subcylindrical. Black, strongly shining, sparsely clothed
with grayish pubescence. Head small, much less than twice as wide as
long, surface between the eyes nearly flat, coarsely and irregularly punc-
tate, convex at middle. Antennae longer than the width of head, piceous-
brown, the club darker, third joint two-thirds longer than fourth. Thorax
about as wide as long, widest just in front of middle, coarsely and irregu-
larly punctate, with several small smooth spaces at middle. Elytra at base
slightly wider than head, a little longer than thorax, punctured as in
flavicornis. Abdomen at base slightly narrower than elytra, thence feebly
tapering to apex, finely, closely and evenly punctate. Length 5-5.5 mm.

Lake. Kosciusko, Marion and Vigo counties; scarce. January
7-June 25. Hibernates beneath logs and rubbish.

797 (2451). STENUS CANADENSIS Casey, Rev. Sten.. 18S4, 175.

Elongate, rather robust. Black, shining, sparsely and finely pubescent.
Head twice as wide as long ; surface between the eyes feebly convex, finely,
evenly and densely punctate. Antenna? as long as width of head, reddish-
brown, the club darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax
widest distinctly behind the middle, slightly longer than wide; rather
coarsely, densely and somewhat unevenly punctate. Elytra at base equal
in width to head, one-third longer than thorax ; punctures round, deep,
evenly distributed, separated by about their own width. Abdomen as wide
at base as elytra, thence gradually and feebly tapering, rather coarsely,
densely and evenly punctate. Length 4.7-5 mm.

Starke and Kosciusko count i<\s; scarce. May 19-June 25.
Taken by beating low herbs on borders of marshes. Known from
Ontario and northern Illinois.

414 FAMILY XT. STAPHYLINID^.

798 (2460). STENUS CALLOSL s Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph.. 1840. 737.
Rather slender, subcylindrical. Black, shining, sparsely pubescent;

palpi and legs dull yellow, the femora dusky at tips. Head slightly wider
than thorax, surface between the eyes flat, rather coarsely, closely and
irregularly punctate, the middle portion slightly convex and almost smooth.
Antennae one-half longer than width of head, reddish-yellow, the club
darker; third joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax subeylindrical.
slightly longer than wide, densely and rather finely punctate, with a small,
fusiform smooth space at middle. Elytra at base a little wider than head,
the suture one-fifth longer than thorax, finely, evenly and densely punctate.
Abdomen distinctly narrower than elytra at base, gradually tapering to
apex, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Length 3-3.2 mm.

Kosciusko County ; rare. June 24. The thorax is nearly of the
same width throughout. Probably occurs throughout the State.

799 (2462). STENUS AKCULUS Erichs.. Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744.

Subeylindrical, rather slender. Black, shining, sparsely clothed with
grayish hairs. Head a little wider than thorax, surface between the eyes
almost flat, rather coarsely, densely and evenly punctate. Antenme scarcely
longer than width of head, dull brownish-yellow, the club darker, third
joint one-half longer than fourth. Thorax widest just behind the middle,
rather coarsely, densely and unevenly punctate, the interspaces finely ru-
gose. Elytra at base as wide as head, suture very little longer than thorax,
surface densely, coarsely and deeply punctate. Abdomen distinctly nar-
rower than elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Length 2.8-3.4 mm.

Lake and Marion counties; scarce. May 24-May 30.

800 (2463). STENUS PUNCTATUS Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 744.
Subeylindrical. rather robust. Black, shining, rather thickly clothed

with grayish hairs. Head slightly wider than thorax, surface between the
eyes feebly convex, without grooves, finely and densely punctate. Antennae
as long as width of head, joints two to six reddish-brown, the others darker,
the third one-third longer than fourth. Thorax about as wide as long,
widest at middle, finely and densely punctate. Elytra at base as wide as
head, suture one-third longer than thorax, surface convex, deeply, densely
and rather coarsely punctate. Abdomen much narrower at base than ely-
tra, very gradually tapering to apex, deeply, coarsely and evenly punctate.
Length 3-3.3 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent, May 12-October 17.

Subfamily IV. PAEDERINAE.

Medium si/.ed or small Staphylinids having the antennas widely
separated at base and inserted at the sides of the front, above the
base of the mandibles, under a more or less prominent ridge;
maxillary palpi wilh the last joint usually very small and awl-
shaped; head narrowed suddenly behind into a distinct neck; front
coxa- cunic;i I ;iml prominent; hind coxa 1 also conical and contiguous.

THE SHORT- AVTXGE1> S< ' A Y K.\ <i KI! UKETLES. 415

The following papers treat of the North American species of the
subfamily :

LeContc. "Synoptic Tables of Lathro'bium, Stilicus and

Sunws," in Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc., VIII. 1880. 174-180.
LcCoiitc. "Synoptic Tables of Cryptol)inm, Paderus and Pala-

minus," in Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.. XVII, 1878. 390-397.
Horn. "A Study of the Species of Cryptobium of North Amer-

ica," in Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc.. XII. 1884. 85-100.
Cast i/. : 'A Revision of the American I'jvderini," in Trans.

Acad. Sci. St. L.. XV. 1905. 17-24S.

As above defined. Hit- subfamily is rcpivscnled in Indiana by
I \vo 1 ribos :

KEY TO INDIANA TRIBES OF P^EDEKI N.10.

a. Last joint of maxillary palpi very small, awl-shaped.

Tribe I. IVEDERINI, p. 4ir.

IKI. Last joint of maxillary palpi as largo as the Iliird, obliquely hatchet-
shaped. Tribe II. PINOPIIILINI, p. 4-10.

Tribe I. PyKDERINI.

This tribe as above limited is composed of a large number of
genera, the following of which are known to occur in Indiana:

KEY TO INDIANA GENERA OF P^EDERINI.

a. Fourth joint of hind tarsi not lobed beneath.

b. Antenna? elbowed at the end of the long basal joint; front tarsi not

dilated.

c. Mandibles each with three teeth on the inner side ; males with last

ventral not notched, the second and third ventrals each with a

fold or pit at middle. XLIII. CRYPTOBIUM.

cc. Mandibles each with two teeth: males with the last ventral

notched, the second and third without folds or pits.

XLIV. HESPEROBIUM.

l>l). Antenna? straight or nearly so, the basal joints not greatly elongated.
<1. Prosternum shortened between and under the front coxa?, ending

in an acute point which does not reach the niesosternmn.
e. Labrnm bilobed: sculpture never very dense, the surface more
or less shining; front tarsi strongly dilated in both sexes;
ligula bilobed at tip. XLV. LATHROBIUM.

ee. Labi-urn with a distinct median tooth ; sculpture very dense, the
surface subopaque ; front tarsi variable; lignla with a dense
fringe of hairs at tip.

f. Front tarsi moderately dilated, densely padded beneath; first

joint of hind tarsi one-half longer than second; length

6.5 mm. XLVI. ADERO<'IIAKIS.

if. Front tarsi not dilated; first joint of hind tarsi only slightly

longer than second ; length 3.7 mm. LITHOCHARIS.

[2723402]

41f) FAMILY XT. STAIMIYI.IMD.i:.

<1<1. Prosternnin prolonged behind so as to reach the mesosternum.
(l. Sides of prostermim not dilated under the coxje.

/;. Xeek never very slender: ligula loosely fringed at tip.
/. Labrum with teeth.
j. Teeth of la 1 mini two in number.

/,-. Anteinue with the two basal joints thick, the others
slender, filiform; basal joints of hind tarsi distinctly
longer than second; length less than .">.."> mm.
/. Gnlar sutures moderately separated, gradually con-
verging and most narrowly separated at base; front
tarsi more or less dilated; surface distinctly punc-
tured. XLVII. SCIOCIIAKIS.
U. Gnlar sutures very widely separated and nearest to-
gether in front, thence widely diverging to base of
head; front tarsi not at all dilated; surface m>t dis-
tinctly punctured. XLVIII. SCIOCIIARELLA.
/,7,-. Antenna' with the basal joints of equal thickness with
the others, the apical ones feebly enlarged; teeth of
labrum very small; prosternum not carinate.
in. Basal joints of hind tarsi equal in length to second,
the first four joints short and suhequal ; gul;ir su-
tures most narrowly separated a little before the
middle. XLIX. TKAC IIYSKCTI s.
//////. I la sal joints of hind tarsi distinctly longer than sec-
ond, the tarsi more elongate; front tarsi strongly
dilated, especially in the male; gular sutures most
narrowly separated at base; neck wide, almost half
as wide as head. L. PAHAMEDON.
././. Labrum with four teeth, the inner ones long, acute, and
prominent, the outer ones very small: gular sutures
widely separated at base. PLATYMEDON.
//. Lahruin without teeth; body very slender, finely and very
densely punctate: gular sutures as in I'lfitinnrtlun : first
joint of hind tarsi longer than second.

LI. PsF.rnoMEDOX.

lili. Neck in our species very slender: ligula tricuspid at tip;

labrum with four teeth. LII. SCOP.EUS.

(lit. Sides of prosternum broadly dilated under the coxa-, reaching

the inflexed sides of thorax; neck very slender.
a. Antenna? distinctly longer than head; length :>..j or more mm.:
hind tarsi with joints 1 to 4 gradually decreasing in length.
<>. Form rather slender: labrum broadly rounded or subtrun-
cate at apex, the teeth usually acute: front tarsi finely
and densely pubescent beneath. LIII. STILKTS.

<><>. Form very stout : labrum sinnate-emarginate at apex, the
two teeth short, obtuse: front tarsi not at all dilated, hav-
ing long coarse hairs beneath; head orbicular, the surface
minutely punctate or alutaceoiis. LIV. MEGASTILICUS.

TITK SIlnllT-WIXOK]) SCAVENGEE 1!K KTI.KS.

417

iin. Antennre shorter than head; length less than 2 nun.; basal
joint of hind tarsi equal in length to the next two together;
third joint of maxillary palpi more or less hatchet-shaped,
the fourth very minute; fifth ventral not elongated, wider
than long. LV. LEPTOGENIUS.

(/(/. Fourth joint of hind tarsi bilohed.

I). Last joint of maxillary palpi obtuse and pubescent; reddish-yellow,
elytra dark blue, head and tip of abdomen black. LVI. PJEDERUS.
pp. Last joint of maxillary palpi slender, very minute.

q. Thorax oval, usually longer than wide; elytra usually longer than

thorax; form linear; neck moderately narrow; length not over

5 mm. LVII. SUNIXTS.

i/<l. Thorax almost circular, distinctly longer than elytra ; neck very

slender; color uniform pale yellow; length less than .'{ mm.

LVIII. STILICOPSIS.

XLIII. CRYPTOBIUM Mann. 1880. (Gr., "hidden + life.")

Rather large, elongate, parallel species having the gular sutures
separated ; elytra with a fold or raised line near the side margin, ex-
tending from the humeri to the outer spical angle ; neck distinctly
and abruptly constricted above ; basal joint of antennas greatly
elongated ; front tarsi not dilated. The males always have a fold
at the middle of the second, and a pit or fovea on the third ventral
segment, and the last ventral is unmodified. In some of the species
the males are of two forms; one
having, in addition to the fold
and fovea, the third segment
prolonged backward in a lobe
which varies much in length.
(Fig. 162.) Casey has created a
new name, " Gastrolobiuvn," for

fflCH

the species possessing the Char- Fig. 102. C. badium: 1, complete male; 2, imperfect

, T i male; 3, female. (After Horn.)

acters above mentioned, but 1

have retained the older and belter known name. The following

species have been taken or probably occur in the State:

KEY TO INDIANA SPKCIKS OF CRYPTOBIUM.

it. SiH-ond ventral of female with a pit or short transverse fovea near its

middle. (Fig. 1<>2, No. 3.)

h. Abdomen uniform dark brown or piceous; third joint o.f antenn:e dis-
tinctly longer than second; length 10 12 mm. sol. BADIUM.

lil>. Abdomen bicolored, piceous, with the last two segments pale reddish-
brown; length 8-10 nun. 802. BICOLOR.

mi. Second ventral of female simple, without pit or fovea.
<: Abdomen bicolored, the last two segments paler.
(/. Head and meso- and meta sterna pale reddish-brown. TEXANUM.

418 FAMILY XI. STAl'll YLlNIIi.i:.

dd. Head and rueso- and inetasterna piceous. 803. CAROLINUM.

cc. Abdomen uniform pale reddish-brown ; head darker than thorax and

elytra; length 8.5-11 mm. PIMERIANUM.

*801 (2484). CRYi'TOBiuM BADIUM Grav.. Mun. Col. Micr., 1806, 53.

Uniform reddish-brown, shining, the head slightly darker. Head ob-
long-oval, sides nearly parallel, coarsely and rather closely punctate, the
front smooth. Thorax much narrower than head, one-fourth longer than
wide, sides feebly curved ; disk sparsely, coarsely and shallowly punctate,
with a median smooth space. Elytra one-third longer and nearly one-half
wider than thorax, coarsely, rather closely and irregularly punctate. Ab-
domen rather finely, not densely punctate. Length 10-12.5 mm.

Southern half of State, common ; much less so in the northern
counties. February 10-November 17. Occurs beneath bark and
hibernates in small colonies beneath partly buried logs. About one-
third of the males have the third ventral prolonged backwards in a
lobe, with parallel sides and rounded tip. This bears a fringe of
long, stiff hairs and sometimes reaches nearly to the end of abdo-
men. (Fig. 162. No. 1.) This lobe is also present in some of the
males of the next two species, but its function is as yet unknown.

*S02 (2490). CRYPTOBIUM BICOLOR Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1806, 179.

Head black; labruni, antennae, thorax, elytra and last two segments of
abdomen pale reddish-brown ; legs pale yellow. Head oblong-oval, coarsely,
not densely punctate. Thorax narrower than head, one-fourth longer than
wide, sides parallel ; disk smooth at middle, coarsely and rather closely
punctate on sides. Elytra one-third wider and longer than thorax, rather
coarsely, closely and irregularly punctate. Abdomen slightly narrower than
elytra, sparsely and finely punctate. Males of two forms, one with, the
other without, a prolongation of third ventral. Length 7.5-10 mm.

Throughout the State; common. January 5-October 28. Oc-
curs beneath cover and on fungi, especially in wooded pasture land.
Hibernates beneath mullein leaves, logs, etc.

( 1 . It .rii a a in Lee.. 8-11 mm. in length, has been recorded from
near Cincinnati, though its range is usually given as Texas to New
Mexico.

803 (2491). CRYPTOBIUM CAROLINUM Erichs., Gen. Spec. Staph., 1840, 563.

Piceous, moderately shining; thorax, elytra and last two abdominal
segments rather dark reddish-brown ; antennae brownish, two basal joints
and legs dull yellow. Head broadly oval, as wide as or wider than (male)
elytra, coarsely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax as in Iticolor. Ely-
tra one-fourth wider and one-third longer than thorax, very coarsely, closely
and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, coarsely and rather
sparsely punctate. Males as in lj<j<liiiin. Length 8.5-10.5 mm.

Kosciusko, Marion, Knox and Posey counties; scarce. March
21-June 22. o.-curs on fungi and carrion. The females are easily

rni': SIIOUT-\VIN<;I<:I) SCA VKNMIKU I'.ICMTI/KS. 410

separated from those of bicolor by the lack of fovea on second ven-
tral. The males have the thorax and elytra darker reddish-brown,
and the latter much more coarsely punctate.

C. pimerifiinini Lee., 8.5-10.5 mm. in length, is recorded by Casey
from Indiana. I have not seen a specimen from the State. Its
usual range is Texas to California.

XLIV. HESPEROBTUM Casey. 1905. (Or., "western + life.")

This genus was created by Casey to include those species hitherto
ascribed to Cryptolthtni which have the first and second ventrals of
male without a trace of pit or fovea and the last ventral distinctly
notched at apex. I include with them serpentinum LeConte, as the
characters separating it are not sufficient to erect a new genus.

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OF HESPEKOBIUM.

a. Elytra black or pieeous ; bind angles of head distinct.

I). Head distinctly broader than thorax, its sides curved behind the
eyes ; form robust. 804. PALLIPES.

bl). Head scarcely wider than thorax, its sides straight for some distance
behind the eyes ; form more slender. 805. CINCTUM.

mi. Elytra wholly or in great part reddish-yellow ; head obliquely nar-
rowed from the eyes to the neck, its hind angles wholly wanting.
c. Head wholly smooth or with very few punctures.
d. Piceous ; elytra pale reddish-brown, coarsely and deeply punctate.

806. CEIBATUM.

'/(/. Reddish-yellow ; front of head, thorax, two basal and two apical
segments of abdomen black. SERPENTINUM.

cc. Head distinctly punctured on basal half; color black; elytra reddish-
yellow with a sutural black stripe, broader at apex and reaching
to apical third. 807. SEIXATUM.

*804 (2502). HESPEROBIUM PALUIPES Grav., Mon. Col. Micr., 1800, 179.

Piceous or nearly black, shining; antennae dusky; legs dull yellow.
Head oval, slightly longer than wide, coarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tured. Thorax slightly narrower than head, one-fifth longer than wide,
sides feebly curved ; disk with a well defined smooth median area, its sides
coarsely, regularly and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider
and a little longer than thorax, rather finely, closely and roughly punctate.
Abdomen as wide as elytra, finely and very densely punctate; last ventral
of male with a triangular notch, much deeper than wide. Length 8-11 mm.

Throughout the State; frequent. February 8-October 17. Oc-
curs especially beneath cover on sandy banks of streams, ponds, etc.

805 (2502a). HESPEROBIUM CINCTUM Say, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834,
454 ; ibid. II, 569.

Elongate, slender. Black or piceous, feebly shining; antennae dusky,
paler at tip ; palpi and legs reddish-yellow. Head oblong-oval, much nar-

420

FAMILY XT. STAf'TTYUMII.i:.

rower than elytra, rather coarsely and closely punctate. Thorax slightly
longer than wide, sides feebly curved: disk sparsely and rather tinely punc-
tate. Elytra one-third longer and one-halt' wider than thorax, coarsely and
closely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, rather finely and densely
punctate, the hind margins of the segments paler. Last ventral of male
with a triangular notch, ab nit as wide as deep. Length 8-9.5 mm.

Poi lei 1 . Marion and Putnam counties; scarce. March 6-Decem-
ber 25. Listed as /KiHi/nx var. hilihr'icnUi, but in my opinion dis-
tinct. Say's name lias priority.

sor, (1M07). IlKspEKOim-M ( uir,ATrM Lee.. X. Sp. X. Am. Col., I, 1863, 46.

Elongate, ralher slender. I thick, shining; antenna?, moutli parts and
elytra reddish-yellow: suture darker on basal third; legs dull yellow. Head
elongate-oval, slightly wider than thorax, with a few coarse punctures be-
hind the eyes. Thorax subcylimlrical. one-fourth longer than wide, sides
nearly straight: disk smooth at middle with a row of seven to nine coarse
punctures each side the smooth area and a few others between these and
margin. Elytra one-third wider and slightly longer than thorax, with about
nine irregular rows of coarse, sparse punctures. Abdomen rather finely
and closely punctate. Male with the last ventral with a deep, triangular
notch. Length S.5-10 mm.

Vigo and Posey counties; rare. May 5- June 11.
by the lon.u. sparsely punctured head and red elytra.

Easily known

SOT (.iritis'). Ili.s]>i:i:oiaiM si-:rxATrM Lee.. N. Sp. N. Am. Col., I, 186.'-',. 46.

Hat her stout, subt'usiform. Black, shining: color
of elytra given in key : antenna? and mouth parts
reddish-brown; legs dull yellow. Head elongate-
oval, coarsely and rather closely punctate behind
the eyes, the front almost smooth. Thorax sub-
cylindrical, slightly narrower than head, one-third
lunger than wide, cuarsely and rather sparsely punc-
tured each side of a median smooth space. Elytra
one-third longer and distinctly wider than thorax.
surface, as well as that of abdomen, finely and
ral her densely punctate. Length S-JI mm. (Fig. 163.)

Lake County; frequent beneath cover, es-
pecially the dumps of prickly-pear cactus, in
the sand dune region; Posey County; rare.
March 2(i-Septemher 25. A handsome spe-
cies, readily known by the wed^e-shaped black
sutural stripe of elytra.
('. serpentinurn Lee., 9.5-10 mm. in length, is a rare species
known from Pennsylvania. North Carolina. Alabama and Kansas,
and therefore should occur in southern Indiana.

inal.)

THK SIIOKT-\\ IMJKI) SCAVKXIiKK ItKIOTLKS. 421

XLV. LATJIROBII'M Grav. LSOii. (Gr., "hidden + life.")

Medium or small sized Staphylinids having the prosternum
shortened and acute between the front coxa 1 ; front tarsi strongly di-
lated and densely clothed bcnealh with large whitish pads composed
of flattened hairs; fourth joint of maxillary palpi conical and
pointed or needle-shaped.

Casey, in his "Revision," has divided the old genus Lathrobium
as recognized by LeConte, Horn and other authorities, into 19
genera, ten or eleven of which are probably represented in Indiana.
His distinguishing characters are. in many instances, of minor im-
portance and I prefer to rank his genera as groups or subgenera,
thus placing all species under the well-known name of LatliroltiuiD.
The following is a modification of the key or table of genera as pro-
posed by Casey :

KI-:Y TO INDIANA GRori-s on sri:(ii;.\Ki;,\ OK LA THKOI'.HM.

*/. Elytra without a fold or raised line on the deflexed portion.
It. Xeek broad, half, or more than halt' the width of head.

c. Hind tarsi longer and more slender, the basal joint much shorter
than second, the fifth much shorler than the first four combined.
(I. Elytra very short, from one-half to two-thirds the length of
thorax, their basal angles obsolete; inner wings wanting; ab-
domen rather coarsely and sparsely punctate.

Group A. APTERALIUM.

<I<1. Elytra varying in length from a little shorter to decidedly longer
than thorax, basal angles distinct: inner wings present; abdo-
men minutely punctate. Group B. LATHROBIUM.
cc. Hind tarsi shorter and stouter, the first and second joints sub-
equal, the first four differing but little among themselves and
together often but little lunger than fifth; gular sutures parallel
and curved, rather widely separated, nearest together near the
middle of the surface behind the mouth.

Group C. LATIIROBIOMA.

lib. Neck narrow, about one-third as wide as head; gular sutures nearly

straight, feebly converging behind, nearest together near the base

of the head. Group D. TETARTOPEUS.

mi. Elytra with a longitudinal fold or raised line on the defiexed portion.

the line parallel with the side margin.

e. First joint of hind tarsi equal to or slightly longer than second.
f. Four basal joints of hind tarsi subequal ; front tarsi feebly di-
lated; gular sutures very widely separated, being separated at
base by one-third the width of head; body very small and slen-
der, not over 4 mm. in length. Group E. PSEUDOLATHRA.
/'/'. First and second joints of hind tarsi each longer than the third 01
fourth.

422 FAMILY XI. STAPHYLINID.-E.

<j. Form larger, more robust, length 6 or more mm.; neck broad,
more than half as wide as head ; elytral punctures in rows.

Group F. LATHROTAXIS.

gg. Form small, slender, length less than 5 mm.; neck distinctly less
than half as wide as head : elytral punctures coarse and sparse,
arranged in rows. Group G. LTNOLATHRA.

ee. First join) of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than second.

Ji. I.ody large, stout, parallel; length or more mm.; gular sutures
less separated, nearest together at base of head.

Group II. EULATHROBIUM.

////. r.udy slender, less than <> mm.: gular sutures widely separated.

nearest logetlier in front, farthest apart at base of head.
/. Elytra lunger and widei- than thorax; head small and, in our
species, dark: body more or less fusiform.

Group I. LATHROBIKLLA.

//. Elytra small, shorter than Ihorax; head larger, as wide as ely-
tra and pale in color; bndy parallel.

Group J. MICROI.ATIIKA.

GROUP A. (APTEKALIUM.)

To this group Casey ascribes two species. one of which occurs in
Indiana.

808 (2521). LATHROBIVM BREVIPEXXK Lee.. X. Sp. X. Am. Col.. I. 1803. 44.
Elongate, rather slender. Dark reddish-brown to piceous, shining; legs
and antenna? reddish-brown. Head as wide or slightly wider than thorax,
sides parallel, base truncate, hind angles rounded ; surface coarsely and
rather closely punctate behind the eyes, smooth at middle. Antennre very
stout, the joints obconical, the basal joint robust. Thorax oblong, one-
fifth longer than wide, sparsely and coarsely punctured, with a broad me-
dian smooth space. Elytra but slightly more than half the length of thorax,
rather coarsely and sparsely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra. Length
7.8-9 mm.

Putnam County; raiv. March 2f>. Known heretofore from
Illinois. Iowa and Missouri.

GROUP B. (LATHROBIVM.)

TJathei- stout, usually large or medium- sized species, having the
thorax uniformly punctured, with distinct smooth dorsal line; elytra
without a fold or raised line on side: basal joint of hind tarsi dis-
tinctly shorter than second. The following species have been taken
or probably occur in the State:

KKV TO INDIA.NA Sl'KI IKS OK <;I!OIP I!.

a. r.icolored ; black, antenna', legs and elytra wholly reddish-brown ; length
less than ."> mm. : fifth ventral of male with a round discal impression,
sixth deeply notched at tip. BICOLOR.

TI1K SlIOIlT-XVIMIKIi SCAVENGER I!K KTI.KS.

(/. Color nearly uniform, the elytra not distinctly paler except toward the

tip ; larger, 7 or more mm.
1). Antenna* very stout, more slender toward apex, the middle joints

rounded, never longer than wide.

c. Elytra bicolorecl, black basally and reddish on apical third, as long
as thorax ; length 10 mm. 809. PROCERUM.

cc. Elytra wholly black or piceons.

<1. Elytra much longer and wider than thorax, a fourth longer than
wide; legs and antenna- dark reddish-brown; length 7 mm.

SPISSICORNE.

<l<l. Elytra equal in length to thorax; legs wholly pule reddish-
brown; length 8-30 mm.; sixth ventral of male with a length-
wise groove near base, not notched at tip. 810. ARMATUM.
lil>. Antenna' only moderately stout, the joints at least one-half longer
than wide, obconic; sixth ventral of male more or less notched at
tip.
<: Elytra not longer, and often distinctly shorter than thorax.

/. Antenme not longer than head and thorax, the joints less than
twice as long as wide; gular sutures straight, nearest together
at base of head.

.</. Punctures of elytra rather tine, sparse and inconspicuous;
notch of last ventral of male wide and deep, distinct; length
7.5-9 rnm.
h. Head and thorax sparsely and rather finely punctured.

811. SIMILE.
lili. Head and thorax densely and rather coarsely punctured.

Ml'. INSANUS.

<!<i. Punctures of elytra coarse, uneven and conspicuous; last ven-
tral of male truncate, the notch very small; length G.5-
7.5 mm. SIMPLEX.

//. Antemue slender, longer than head and thorax, the middle joints
fully twice as long as wide; gular sutures curved, nearer to-
gether at middle of area behind the mouth; color black, legs
and antenna- paler; length (>.7-7.o mm. CRURALJS.

cc. Elytra' mur-h longer than thorax; abdomen narrower than elytra.
the last ventral of male broadly and semicircularly notched;
black, antenna- and logs brown; length G.5-7.5 mm. CONCOLOK.

L. hicalnr Lee., wjis described from Detroit, Michigan, and L.

spixsicunic Casey from Massachusetts and Detroit, so that one or
both of them air apt to be found in Indiana.

si) (- -). LATIIROBIUM PROCERUM Casey. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L., XV,

1!)05, 82.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytra becoming gradually
but distinctly reddish on apical third; legs reddish-brown; antenna? piceous.
with a reddish tinge. Head equal in width to thorax, sides parallel, sparsely,
rather finely and irregularly punctate. Thorax oblong, sides nearly straight,
feebly converging toward base, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Elytra
rather closely and finely punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra, minutely
and rather densely punctate. Length !> 10 mm.

424 KVMILY XI. STAl'HYLTNTIU':.

Laporte County; rare. -Inly 25. Described from New York,
Ontario and Illinois.

*S10 (2522). LATHROIHUM AKMATI M Say. Trans. Ainer. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834.

453; ibid. II. 5<;s.

Elongate, rather robust. Black or pieeous, feebly shiniDg ; palpi, an-
tenna* and legs reddish-brown. Head as wide as elytra, its sides rounded
into base: surface liuely and sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, nearly
equal in width to head and elytra ; surface, as well as that of elytra,
coarsely, evenly and sparsely punctate: the median smooth line very nar-
row. Abdomen as wide as elytra, parallel, finely and rather closely but
not densely punctate. Length 8-10 mm.

Southern half of State, frequent; less so in the northern coun-
ties. February 14 September 22. Occurs especially in low. damp
sandy places; taken also at sap of soft maple.

Nil (2524). LATHROBU-M SIMILE. Lee.. N. Sp. X. Am. Col.. I, 1863. 43.

Elongate, rather slender. Black, shining; elytra and abdomen pic-eons;
antenna- and tip of abdomen reddish-brown; legs paler. Head subquadrate.
sparsely and finely punctate. Thorax oblong, as wide or slightly wider than
head, scarcely longer than wide, rather coarsely and sparsely punctate.
Llytra as long and slightly wider than thorax. Abdomen as wide as elytra,
minutely and very densely punctate. Fifth ventral of male narrowly and
deeply impressed along the middle; sixth also with a lengthwise groove
and a wide, deep notch at apex. Length 7.5-0 mm.

Vig'o and Marion comities; scarce. February 14-October 4.

812 ( ). LATHROBITM INSANTS sp. nov.

Elongate, slender. Dark reddish-brown; elytra tinged with red; legs
and antenna- paler. Head subquadrate, narrowed in front, its surface, as
well as that of thorax, closely and rather coarsely punctate. Antenna. 1
slender, the outer joints obconical, as wide at apex as long. Thorax longer
than wide, its sides straight, feebly converging from apex to base. Elytra
as long as thorax, finely and much more sparsely punctate than there.
Abdomen finely and densely punctate. Notch of last ventral of male dis-
tinctly wider and less deep than in simile. Length 8.5 mm.

Laporte County; rare. July 25.

L. (rural is Casey was described from Xew Jersey, Ohio and
Iowa. /,. (oitctilnr Lee., is said by Casey to occur in "Indiana and
westward."

GROUP C. ( LATIIKOP.IOMA. I

This uroup is composed of rather small, slender species which
resemble those of Croup IJ. in their lar<re head and thick, bead-like
antenna', but Hie joints of the hind tarsi are snbequal. Casey has
placed in ihe o T( >up 11 species, two of which may occur in the State,
Ihoii.uh neither is in tin- collection at hand. Thev are:

'['Ill-: SHOUT- WINMiKli SCAYKXOKU HKKTLHS. 425

L. ollioidcs Lee., having the head paral'el at the sides, color deep
shining black, legs reddish-brown, antenna* dusky; sixth ventral of
male with a square notch; length 5-5.4 mm. It has been taken in
New England and Iowa. L. l< line Lee., very slender, with head
broadest near the base; color similar; sixth ventral of male semicir-
cularly emarginate; length 4.6-5 mm., known from New England,
Canada and Michigan, and probably occurs in northern Indiana.

GROUP D. (TETARTOPEUS.)

This group is clii"tly distinguished from other snecies of Lath-
robium by the very narrow neck. The antenna; are rather slender
and filiform and the body is usually more or less fusiform rather
than parallel in outline*. The following species have been taken or
perhaps occur in the State :

KEY TO INDIANA SPECIES OK (.MEOl'P D.

(i. Elytra reddish, sometimes clouded with black <m suture near base.
li. Thorax deep black.

c. Head parallel or only very feebly and gradually narrowed behind
the eyes; thorax strongly and coarsely punctate, the punctures
rather dense. 818. PUNri vi,.vi TM.

re. Head very <ibviuusly narrowed behind the eyes in bath sexes.

RUBRIPENNE.

l>h. Thorax dull reddish, similar in color to elytra. S14. SEMIRUIJER.

ad. Elytra not red.

d. Elytra black with the outer apical angles, or sometimes the whole
apex, more or less abruptly pale; length 7-7. s mm. ANGULARE.

dd. Elytra and entire body black, the legs dark; length 5.3-5.S mm.

NIGBUM.

818 (2512). LATHROBIUM ITXCTULATVM Lee., N. Spec. X. Amer. Col.. I,
1863, 42.

Elongate, slender. Black, shining; antenn;e and elytra dull red. the
former dusky toward apex; legs dull yellow. Head semicircular behind
the eyes, finely and rather sparsely punctate. Thorax oblong, slightly longer
than wide, distinctly wider than head; surface, as well as that of elytra,
rather coarsely, not closely punctate, the median smooth line very narrow.
Elytra one-third wider and distinctly lunger than thorax. Abil -men as
wide as elytra, minutely and densely punctate. Males with the third to
fifth ventral segments feebly impressed along the middle, the sixth acutely
and deeply notched. Length 0-7 mm.

Throughout the State; scarce. February 26-October 17. Oc-
curs beneath cover in open upland woods.

L. rubriiiciiiK' Casey, (i mm. in length, is said to range from
Massachusetts to Iowa.

42G FUFTLY XT. - STAPHTLINID.l-:.

814 (- -). LATIIROKU M si:Mii;n:i:u Casey. Trails. Aead. Sci. St. L.. XV,

3905, 107.

Elongate, rather slender, nearly parallel. Black; thorax and elytra
dark dull reddish, the elytra clouded with blackish toward the base; ail-
tenure piceous. paler at base; legs dull yellow. Head orbicular, finely and
sparsely punctate; antenna- slender, reaching middle of elytra. Thorax ob-
long. distinctly wider than head, coarsely, rather sparsely and unevenly
punctate. Elytra one-fourth wider but very slightly longer than thorax.
coarsely, rather Hcsely and roughly punctate. Abdomen as wide as elytra.
finely and densely piinrtale. Males with fourth and fifth ventrals feebly
flattened, sixth with a minute median notch, deeper than wide, and nar-
rower than in IIIIIH-I ulntinn, almost concealed by dense hairs. Length 7-
7.5 mm.

Putnam County: rare. October 17. Taken by sifting damp
vegetable de